RESUMEN
Objectives- This report presents 2022 data on U.S. births by selected characteristics. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described. Methods-Descriptive tabulations based on birth certificates of the 3.67 million births registered in 2022 are shown by maternal age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, marital status, tobacco use, prenatal care, source of payment for the delivery, method of delivery, gestational age, birthweight, and plurality. Selected data by mother's state of residence and birth rates also are shown. Trends for 2010 to 2022 are presented for selected items, and by race and Hispanic origin for 2016-2022. Results-A total of 3,667,758 births occurred in the United States in 2022, essentially unchanged from 2021. The general fertility rate declined 1% from 2021 to 56.0 births per 1,000 females ages 15-44 in 2022. The birth rate for females ages 15-19 declined 2% from 2021 to 2022; birth rates fell 7% for women ages 20-24, rose 1% to 5% for women ages 25-29 and 35-44, and rose 12% for women ages 45-49 (the first increase since 2016). The total fertility rate declined less than 1% to 1,656.5 births per 1,000 women in 2022. Birth rates declined for unmarried women but increased for married women from 2021 to 2022. Prenatal care beginning in the first trimester declined to 77.0% in 2022; the percentage of women who smoked during pregnancy declined to 3.7%. The cesarean delivery rate was unchanged in 2022 (32.1%); Medicaid was the source of payment for 41.3% of births. The preterm birth rate declined 1% to 10.38%; the low birthweight rate rose 1% to 8.60%. The twin birth rate was unchanged in 2022 (31.2 per 1,000 births); the 2% decrease in the triplet and higher-order multiple birth rate.
Asunto(s)
Embarazo en Adolescencia , Nacimiento Prematuro , Embarazo , Adolescente , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Femenino , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Peso al Nacer , Edad Materna , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Tasa de NatalidadRESUMEN
Objectives-This report presents changes in the distribution of singleton births by gestational age in the United States for 2014-2022, by maternal age and race and Hispanic origin. Methods-Data are based on all birth certificates for singleton births registered in the United States from 2014 to 2022. Gestational age is measured in completed weeks using the obstetric estimate and categorized as early preterm (less than 34 weeks), late preterm (34-36 weeks), total preterm (less than 37 weeks), early term (37-38 weeks), full term (39-40 weeks), and late- and post-term (41 and later weeks). Data are shown by maternal age and race and Hispanic origin. Single weeks of gestation at term (37-41 weeks) are also examined. Results-Despite some fluctuation in most gestational age categories during the pandemic years of 2020-2022, trends from 2014 to 2022 demonstrate a shift towards shorter gestational ages. Preterm and early-term birth rates rose from 2014 to 2022 (by 12% and 20%, respectively), while full-term and lateand post-term births declined (by 6% and 28%, respectively). Similar shifts for each gestational age category were seen across maternal age and race and Hispanic-origin groups. By single week of gestation at term, the largest change was for births at 37 weeks (an increase of 42%).
Asunto(s)
Parto , Nacimiento Prematuro , Embarazo , Recién Nacido , Femenino , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Humanos , Edad Gestacional , Resultado del Embarazo , Hispánicos o Latinos , Edad Materna , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Perinatal mortality(late fetal deaths at 28 completed weeks of gestation or more and early neonatal deaths younger than age 7 days) can be an indicator of the quality of health care before, during, and after delivery, and of the health status of the nation (1,2). The U.S. perinatal mortality rate declined 30% from 1990 through 2011, was stable from 2011 through 2016, and declined 4% from 2017 through 2019 (1,3-5). This report describes changes in perinatal mortality, as well as its components, late fetal and early neonatal mortality, from 2020 to 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also shown are perinatal mortality rates by mother's age, the three largest race and Hispanic-origin groups, and state for 2021 compared with 2020.
Asunto(s)
Muerte Perinatal , Mortalidad Perinatal , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Mortalidad Infantil , Pandemias , Mortinato/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
This report presents selected highlights from 2022 final birth data on key demographic, healthcare utilization, and infant health indicators. The number of births, general fertility rates (GFRs) (births per 1,000 females aged 15-44), age-specific birth rates (births per 1,000 women in specified age group), and cesarean delivery and preterm (less than 37 weeks of gestation) birth rates are presented. Results for 2020, 2021, and 2022 are shown for all births to describe changes in birth patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic years (1,2). Cesarean and preterm birth rates are shown for select race and Hispanic-origin groups.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Nacimiento Prematuro , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Lactante , Femenino , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Humanos , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiología , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiología , Tasa de Natalidad , CesáreaRESUMEN
Objectives-This report describes changes in prenatal care use (utilization) in the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by month of birth and the mother's race and Hispanic origin.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Atención Prenatal , Embarazo , Femenino , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Humanos , Pandemias , Hispánicos o Latinos , PartoRESUMEN
Objectives-This report presents 2021 data on U.S. births according to a variety of characteristics. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted.
Asunto(s)
Embarazo en Adolescencia , Embarazo , Femenino , Adolescente , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Edad Materna , Tasa de Natalidad , Certificado de Nacimiento , PartoRESUMEN
Smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes and health issues for newborns later in life (1-3). National birth certificate data on cigarette smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked before and during pregnancy first became available in 2016. These data allow for the analysis of maternal cigarette use during pregnancy by numerous maternal and infant characteristics. This report describes changes in the number and percentage of mothers who smoked cigarettes at any time during pregnancy in the United States from 2016 to 2021 and changes between 2016 and 2021 in the percentage of mothers who smoked during pregnancy by maternal age, race and Hispanic origin, and state of residence.
Asunto(s)
Fumar Cigarrillos , Embarazo , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Humanos , Fumar Cigarrillos/epidemiología , Edad Materna , Resultado del Embarazo , Madres , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
This report presents selected highlights from 2021 final birth data on key demographic, healthcare use, and infant health indicators. The number of births, general fertility rates (GFRs) (births per 1,000 females aged 15-44), age-specific birth rates (births per 1,000 females in specified age group), vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) delivery rates, and preterm (less than 37 weeks of gestation) birth rates are presented. Results for 2019, 2020, and 2021 are shown for all births to provide context for changes in birth patterns noted during 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (1,2). VBAC and preterm birth rates are shown for the three largest race and Hispanic-origin groups: non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Nacimiento Prematuro , Adolescente , Tasa de Natalidad , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Pandemias , Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Perinatal mortality (late fetal deaths at 28 completed weeks of gestation or more and early neonatal deaths under age 7 days) can be an indicator of the quality of health care before, during, and after delivery, and of the health status of the nation (1,2). The U.S. perinatal mortality rate declined 30% from 1990 to 2011, but was stable from 2011 through 2016 (1,3,4). This report presents trends in perinatal mortality as well as its components, late fetal and early neonatal mortality, for 2017 through 2019. Also shown are perinatal mortality trends by mother's age, race and Hispanic origin, and state for 2017-2019.
Asunto(s)
Muerte Perinatal , Mortalidad Perinatal , Niño , Femenino , Mortalidad Fetal , Hispánicos o Latinos , Humanos , Mortalidad Infantil , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Atención Prenatal , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Objectives-This report describes changes in the number and rate of twin births from 2019 to 2021 by month and year of birth and age and race and Hispanic origin of the mother.
Asunto(s)
Embarazo en Adolescencia , Embarazo , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Tasa de Natalidad , Parto , Hispánicos o Latinos , Embarazo GemelarRESUMEN
This report presents selected highlights from 2020 final birth data on key demographic, health care utilization, and infant health indicators. General fertility rates (births per 1,000 women aged 15-44), age-specific birth rates (births per 1,000 women in specified age group), low-risk (nulliparous, term, singleton, cephalic births) cesarean delivery, and preterm (less than 37 weeks of gestation) birth rates are presented. All indicators are compared between 2019 and 2020 and shown for all births. General fertility rates (GFRs), lowrisk cesarean and preterm birth rates are shown for the three largest race and Hispanic-origin groups: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic. Fertility rates are shown by age of mother.
Asunto(s)
Nacimiento Prematuro , Tasa de Natalidad , Cesárea , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Parto , Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
This report describes drug-involved infant deaths in the United States for 2015-2017 by type of drug involved and selected maternal and infant characteristics. Deaths are grouped according to whether drugs were the underlying or a contributing cause of death.
Asunto(s)
Muerte del Lactante , Intoxicación/mortalidad , Causas de Muerte/tendencias , Humanos , Lactante , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Estadísticas VitalesRESUMEN
Objectives-This report presents 2019 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. Methods-Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 3.75 million births that occurred in 2019 are presented. Data are presented for maternal age, livebirth order, race and Hispanic origin, marital status, tobacco use, prenatal care, source of payment for the delivery, method of delivery, gestational age, birthweight, and plurality. Selected data by mother's state of residence and birth rates by age are also shown. Trend data for 2010 through 2019 are presented for selected items. Trend data by race and Hispanic origin are shown for 2016-2019. Results-A total of 3,747,540 births were registered in the United States in 2019, down 1% from 2018. The general fertility rate declined from 2018 to 58.3 births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 in 2019. The birth rate for females aged 15-19 fell 4% between 2018 and 2019. Birth rates declined for women aged 20-34 and increased for women aged 35-44 for 2018-2019. The total fertility rate declined to 1,706.0 births per 1,000 women in 2019. Birth rates declined for both married and unmarried women from 2018 to 2019. The percentage of women who began prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy rose to 77.6% in 2019; the percentage of all women who smoked during pregnancy declined to 6.0%. The cesarean delivery rate decreased to 31.7% in 2019 (Figure 1). Medicaid was the source of payment for 42.1% of all births in 2019. The preterm birth rate rose for the fifth straight year to 10.23% in 2019; the rate of low birthweight was essentially unchanged from 2018 at 8.31%. Twin and triplet and higher-order multiple birth rates both declined in 2019 compared with 2018.
Asunto(s)
Tasa de Natalidad/tendencias , Adolescente , Adulto , Certificado de Nacimiento , Orden de Nacimiento , Tasa de Natalidad/etnología , Peso al Nacer , Parto Obstétrico/economía , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Estado Civil/etnología , Estado Civil/estadística & datos numéricos , Edad Materna , Persona de Mediana Edad , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Progenie de Nacimiento Múltiple/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo , Atención Prenatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiología , Uso de Tabaco/etnología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Preterm birth (delivery prior to 37 completed weeks of gestation) is a leading cause of infant mortality in the United States and around the world and has also been associated with long-term adverse outcomes in children (1,2). In the United States, the preterm birth rate rose 7% from 2014 to 2019, and then declined 1% from 2019 to 2020 (3). Changes in multiple births can impact overall preterm birth rates because of the greater likelihood of preterm delivery among infants born in multiple gestation pregnancies (3,4). Accordingly, to better identify factors associated with the 2019-2020 decline in preterm births, this report is limited to singleton births and describes trends in preterm birth rates from 2014 to 2020 and changes in rates between 2019 and 2020 by maternal race and Hispanic origin, age, and state of residence.
Asunto(s)
Nacimiento Prematuro , Tasa de Natalidad , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Mortalidad Infantil , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Embarazo , Embarazo Múltiple , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Objectives-This report presents 2020 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted.
Asunto(s)
Tasa de Natalidad , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Adolescente , Certificado de Nacimiento , Femenino , Humanos , Edad Materna , Parto , Embarazo , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
This report presents selected highlights from 2019 final birth data on key demographic, health care utilization, and infant health indicators. General fertility rates (the number of births per 1,000 women aged 15-44), prenatal care timing (the percentage of mothers with first trimester care), source of payment for the delivery (the percentage of births covered by Medicaid), and preterm birth rates are presented. All indicators are compared between 2018 and 2019 and are presented for all births and for the three largest race and Hispanic-origin groups: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic.
Asunto(s)
Tasa de Natalidad/tendencias , Parto Obstétrico/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Prenatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Tasa de Natalidad/etnología , Etnicidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Servicios de Salud Materna , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Following years of relative stability, twin births began to climb in the United States in the early 1980s, rising 79% from 1980 to 2014 (1,2). In 1980, one in every 53 births was a twin, compared with one in every 29 births in 2014 (1,2). The increase in twinning over the more than three decades was widespread, occurring across age and race and Hispanic-origin groups, and in all U.S. states (1,2). It is important to track twin birth rates as twins are at greater risk than singletons for poor outcomes, including preterm birth and neonatal morbidity and mortality (1,3,4). This report presents trends in twin childbearing overall for 1980-2018, and by maternal age, race and Hispanic origin, and state of residence for 2014-2018.
Asunto(s)
Edad Materna , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Gemelos/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano , Factores de Edad , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Población Blanca , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This report presents selected highlights from 2018 final birth data on key demographic, health care utilization, and infant health indicators. General fertility rates (the number of births per 1,000 women aged 15-44) and teen birth rates are presented. Also shown are the distribution of births with a previous cesarean delivery (vaginal births after previous cesarean [VBAC] and repeat cesarean delivery) and the distribution of births by gestational age. All indicators are compared between 2017 and 2018 and are presented for the three largest race and Hispanic-origin groups: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic.
Asunto(s)
Tasa de Natalidad/tendencias , Adolescente , Adulto , Tasa de Natalidad/etnología , Etnicidad , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiología , Nacimiento Prematuro/etnología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Parto Vaginal Después de Cesárea/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objectives-A primary goal of the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth was to improve data quality.This report evaluates the quality of selected 2003 revision-based medical and health data by comparing birth certificate data for New York City with information abstracted from hospital medical records.Methods-A random sample of records for 900 births occurring in New York City in 2013 was reviewed. Birth certificate and hospital medical records data were compared for these categories: pregnancy history, prenatal care, gestational age, birthweight, pregnancy risk factors, source of payment, characteristics of labor and delivery, fetal presentation, method of delivery, abnormal conditions of the newborn, infant living, and infant breastfed. Levels of missing data, exact agreement, kappa scores, sensitivity, and false discovery rates are presented where applicable. Results-Exact agreement or sensitivity between birth certificate and medical record data was high (90.0% or greater) for a number of items (e.g., number of previous cesarean deliveries, cephalic presentation, cesarean delivery, vaginal/spontaneous delivery, obstetric estimate of gestation [within 2 weeks], Medicaid as source of payment for the delivery, birthweight [within 500 grams]), but extremely low (less than 40.0%) for several items (e.g., gestational hypertension, previous preterm birth, augmentation of labor, assisted ventilation, maternal transfusion). Levels of agreement or sensitivity for several items (e.g., obstetric estimate of gestation at delivery [exact number of weeks], previous cesarean delivery, private insurance as the source of payment for delivery, and total number of prenatal care visits [within two visits]), were substantial (between 75.0% and 89.9%) or moderate (between 60.0% and 74.9%). Data quality often varied by hospital.
Asunto(s)
Certificado de Nacimiento , Exactitud de los Datos , Registros Médicos/normas , Adulto , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Hospitales , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Edad Materna , Ciudad de Nueva York/epidemiología , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo/epidemiología , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Objectives-This report presents 2018 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. Methods-Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 3.79 million births that occurred in 2018 are presented. Data are presented for maternal age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, marital status, tobacco use, prenatal care, source of payment for the delivery, method of delivery, gestational age, birthweight, and plurality. Selected data by mother's state of residence and birth rates by age also are shown. Trend data for 2010 through 2018 are presented for selected items. Trend data by race and Hispanic origin are shown for 2016-2018. Results-3,791,712 births were registered in the United States in 2018, down 2% from 2017. Compared with rates in 2017, the general fertility rate declined to 59.1 births per 1,000 women aged 15-44. The birth rate for females aged 15-19 fell 7% in 2018. Birth rates declined for women aged 20-34 and increased for women aged 35-44. The total fertility rate declined to 1,729.5 births per 1,000 women in 2018. Birth rates for both married and unmarried women declined from 2017 to 2018. The percentage of women who began prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy rose to 77.5% in 2018; the percentage of all women who smoked during pregnancy declined to 6.5%. The cesarean delivery rate decreased to 31.9% in 2018 following an increase in 2017. Medicaid was the source of payment for 42.3% of all 2018 births, down 2% from 2017. The preterm birth rate rose for the fourth straight year to 10.02% in 2018; the rate of low birthweight was unchanged at 8.28%. Twin and triplet and higher-order multiple birth rates declined in 2018 (Figure 1).