[Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases: long term results of five year long preventive intervention in 12-year old boys (ten year prospective study)].

In a longitudinal cohort (prevention group, n=213, comparison group, n=163) of 10-year prospective follow-up we addressed efficacy of 5-year-long multifactor preventive intervention, conducted in a sample of population of 12 year old boys. Preventive intervention was carried out both at populational level and among persons with risk factors of development of cardiovascular diseases with the use of group, individual, and partly family approaches, and was directed at rationalization of nutrition, elevation of physical activity and prevention of harmful habits. During first 3 years of prevention we succeeded to achieve stable statistically significant lowering of mean levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherogeneity index, as well as to affect fatty component of body mass (skinfold thickness). Long term effect of 5-year long preventive intervention manifested as significantly lower level of systolic blood pressure, lower prevalence of low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, smaller increment of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and index of atherogeneity in the prevention group. These results evidence that prevention of main factors of risk of development of cardiovascular diseases (obesity, arterial hypertension, disorders of lipid composition of the blood, and low physical activity) in child and adolescent age in the period of active growth and development is feasible, effective, safe and is able to lead to decrease of levels of these factors in adults, but should last uninterruptedly until formation of stable habits of healthy life style.

[Role of sex hormones in the development of atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia in boys of pubertal age]. / Rol' polovykh gormonov v formirovanii aterogennykh dislipoproteidemii u mal'chikov pubertatnogo vozrasta.

Interrelationships of hypercholesterolemia (HCS), hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) or hypo-alpha-cholesterolemia (hypo-CS HDL) and the blood levels of sex hormones were investigated in boys aged 14-15 to detect variations in the levels of sex hormones to define groups of adolescents at the highest risk of developing atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia (DLP). A conclusion has been made that HCS and hypo-CS HDL development is associated with changes in the blood levels of testosterone and estradiol, and a low blood level of T in HTG is of secondary origin with regard to the development of this type of DLP.

[Atherogenic dyslipidemia in adolescents: its relation to ischemic heart disease in their fathers and the possibility of its prognosis]. / Aterogennye dislipidemii u podrostkov: svia'z s nalichiem ishemi- cheskoi bolezni serdtsa u ottsov, vozmozhnos't prognozirovaniia.

Comparison of a group of adolescents aged 11-16 years whose fathers had angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis in youth with those matched by sex and age whose parents were clinically healthy yielded the following discriminant function (DF) involving lipid and apoprotein indices of the plasma lipid system: DF = [apo B] X 0.03-[HDL cholesterol] X 0.04-0.81. DF greater than or equal to 0 discriminates from the controls 32% of the offsprings from the fathers with a history, DF less than 0 correctly classifies 98% of adolescents from the controls. The adolescents who have DF greater than or equal to 0 amounted to about 19% in representative samples of Moscow adolescents. Moreover, DF with 80% probability makes it possible to predict the time course of serum lipid levels in adolescents within 2 years.

[Relation of the levels of thyroid hormones and cortisol and the degree of systolic arterial pressure in 11- and 12-year-old boys]. / Sviaz' kontsentratsii tireoidnykh gormonov i kortizola s urovnem sistolicheskogo arterial'nogo davleniia u mal'chikov 11-12 let.

An epidemiologic evaluation of relationships between arterial BP changes, and thyroid and adrenocortical hormones was carried out in eleven- and twelve-year-old boys. Different patterns of correlation were demonstrated between plasma thyrotropic hormone, thyroid hormones and cortisol levels, on one hand, and systolic BP variation, on the other. There was a correlation between thyroid hormones and cortisol in these groups. The results suggest that even slight changes in thyroid and adrenal function may promote disorders of BP regulation.

[Changes in the basic risk factors for ischemic heart disease in Moscow boys over the period of a year: natural dynamics and the effects of prophylactic action]. / Izmeneniia za 1 god osnovnykh faktorov riska ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa u mal'chikov-moskvichei: estestvennaia dinamika i éffekty profilakticheskogo vozdeistviia.

The rise in mean blood plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol over a one-year period has been observed in Moscow boys (aged from 12 to 13 years). Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) in this period remained unchanged. In the district where preventive therapy was performed we have observed the decrease in mean levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and SBP over a one-year period in boys of the same age group. Age-dependent increment in Ketle index was significantly lower in this district. This indicates that preventive measures have a positive effect on the formation and development of CHD risk factors in children.