Kidney transplantation reduces the risk of chronic limb threatening ischemia and amputation among patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the risk of chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) or amputation among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) entering a hemodialysis (HD) program and to evaluate the protective effect associated with kidney transplantation (KT). DESIGN, MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort of all consecutive ESRD patients entering into a HD program at our institution between 2000 and 2010. Collected variables included baseline characteristics (pre-entry in hemodialysis), time on HD program, KT and the composite outcome of chronic limb threatening ischemia or need for any amputation (CLTI/AMP). Patients with previous symptomatic peripheral arterial disease or amputation were excluded. RESULTS: The study group included 336 patients (mean age 63 years, 66% male). The mean follow up was 6.7 years with an average time on HD of 4.2 years. Ninety two patients (27.4 %) underwent transplantation. CLTI free survival rates were 90.3 % and 82.6 % at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The episodes of CLT involved 28 revascularization procedures (17 endovascular and 11 open surgeries), 18 minor amputations and 20 major amputations. KT was associated with a protective effect over the development of CLTI (HR: 0.065; CI 95% 0.02-0.21) after adjustment for confounding factors. The long-term survival of non-transplanted patients was 45 % and 15 % at 5 and 10 years, respectively and the long-term survival in transplanted patients was 89% and 80% at 5 and 10 years, respectively; but decreased to 47 % at 1 year and 18.2 % at 5 years once CLTI occurred. CONCLUSION: Patients on HD program show a notorious risk of chronic limb threatening ischemia or amputation over time. Once this complication occurs, patient's survival is markedly reduced. Transplantation confers an independent protective effect over the development of chronic limb threatening ischemia or amputation.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of a specialised consultation with duplex ultrasound assessment prior to vascular access surgery for haemodialysis.

INTRODUCTION: Duplex ultrasound (DUS) is increasingly used before vascular access (VA) surgery for haemodialysis. However, the cost-effectiveness of this approach is unknown. Our objective was to assess whether the introduction of a specialised consultation with DUS assessment modifies the cost and the time delay to achieve a first VA valid for haemodialysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective cohort of patients undergoing a first VA (June 2014-July 2017) after a specialised consultation with DUS (ECO group). They were compared with a historical cohort (January 2012-May 2014) where VA was indicated exclusively by clinical evaluation (CLN group). We analysed the cost related to visits, DUS assessments, interventions, hospital admissions and graft materials to achieve a first VA valid for haemodialysis at least during 1 month. RESULTS: 86 patients in the CLN group were compared with 92 in the ECO group. Patients in the ECO group were younger (68.4 vs. 64.0 years; P=.038) but no other differences were seen among groups. The average cost to achieve a first AV valid for haemodialysis was significantly lower in the ECO group (2707 vs. 3347€; P=.024). There was a higher cost associated with DUS assessments in the ECO group yet the CLN group had a higher cost related to follow-up visits, successive surgical interventions, prosthetic material, days of hospital admission and catheters. The mean time needed to achieve a first AV valid for haemodialysis was also shorter in the ECO group (49.9 vs. 82.9 days, P=.002). CONCLUSION: The introduction of a specialised vascular access consultation with DUS prior to VA surgery has reduced the cost necessary to achieve a first VA valid for haemodialysis. From the patient's point of view this has meant less interventions and hospital admissions and a shortening of the time delay.

Impacto de la introducción de una consulta específica con valoración eco-doppler en el costo asociado a la obtención de un primer acceso vascular para hemodiálisis / A cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of a specialised consultation with duplex ultrasound assessment prior to vascular access surgery for haemodialysis

Introducción: La valoración mediante eco-doppler (ED) previa a la realización de un acceso vascular (AV) está cada vez más extendida, pero existen pocos estudios que aborden su coste/efectividad. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar si la introducción de una consulta específica de AV con ED modifica el coste, los tiempos de demora, el número de re-intervenciones e ingresos para lograr un primer AV útil.Pacientes y métodosCohorte prospectiva de pacientes sometidos a un primer AV (junio 2014-julio 2017), a quienes se practicó un ED preoperatorio (grupo ECO). Se compararon con una cohorte histórica (enero 2012-mayo 2014) de primeros AV indicados exclusivamente mediante valoración clínica (grupo CLN). Se calcularon los costes de realización y el seguimiento para lograr un AV útil para hemodiálisis durante como mínimo un mes sin complicaciones.ResultadosSe compararon 86 pacientes del grupo CLN con 92 del ECO, siendo estos últimos más jóvenes (68,4 vs. 64,0 años; p=0,038). El coste medio del grupo ECO fue significativamente inferior (ECO=2.707 vs. CLN=3.347€; p=0,024). El grupo ECO tuvo un coste mayor en ecografías preoperatorias y de seguimiento. El grupo CLN tuvo un coste superior respecto a consultas de seguimiento, intervenciones quirúrgicas sucesivas, material protésico, días de ingreso y catéteres. Se disminuyó el tiempo de demora para la realización del AV (CLN=82,9 vs. ECO=49,9 días; p=0,002).ConclusiónLa introducción de una consulta específica de AV para hemodiálisis con valoración ED, ha permitido disminuir el coste para lograr un primer AV útil, como consecuencia de una reducción en los tiempos de demora, visitas de control, re-intervenciones, días de ingreso e implantación de catéteres. (AU)

Introduction: Duplex ultrasound (DUS) is increasingly used before vascular access (VA) surgery for haemodialysis. However, the cost-effectiveness of this approach is unknown. Our objective was to assess whether the introduction of a specialised consultation with DUS assessment modifies the cost and the time delay to achieve a first VA valid for haemodialysis.Patients and methodsProspective cohort of patients undergoing a first VA (June 2014-July 2017) after a specialised consultation with DUS (ECO group). They were compared with a historical cohort (January 2012-May 2014) where VA was indicated exclusively by clinical evaluation (CLN group). We analysed the cost related to visits, DUS assessments, interventions, hospital admissions and graft materials to achieve a first VA valid for haemodialysis at least during 1 month.ResultsEighty-six patients in the CLN group were compared with 92 in the ECO group. Patients in the ECO group were younger (68.4 vs. 64.0 years; P=.038) but no other differences were seen among groups. The average cost to achieve a first AV valid for haemodialysis was significantly lower in the ECO group (2707 vs. 3347€; P=.024). There was a higher cost associated with DUS assessments in the ECO group yet the CLN group had a higher cost related to follow-up visits, successive surgical interventions, prosthetic material, days of hospital admission and catheters. The mean time needed to achieve a first AV valid for haemodialysis was also shorter in the ECO group (49.9 vs. 82.9 days, P=.002).ConclusionThe introduction of a specialised vascular access consultation with DUS prior to VA surgery has reduced the cost necessary to achieve a first VA valid for haemodialysis. From the patient's point of view this has meant less interventions and hospital admissions and a shortening of the time delay. (AU)

A cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of a specialised consultation with duplex ultrasound assessment prior to vascular access surgery for haemodialysis. / Impacto de la introducción de una consulta específica con valoración eco-doppler en el costo asociado a la obtención de un primer acceso vascular para hemodiálisis.

INTRODUCTION: Duplex ultrasound (DUS) is increasingly used before vascular access (VA) surgery for haemodialysis. However, the cost-effectiveness of this approach is unknown. Our objective was to assess whether the introduction of a specialised consultation with DUS assessment modifies the cost and the time delay to achieve a first VA valid for haemodialysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective cohort of patients undergoing a first VA (June 2014-July 2017) after a specialised consultation with DUS (ECO group). They were compared with a historical cohort (January 2012-May 2014) where VA was indicated exclusively by clinical evaluation (CLN group). We analysed the cost related to visits, DUS assessments, interventions, hospital admissions and graft materials to achieve a first VA valid for haemodialysis at least during 1 month. RESULTS: Eighty-six patients in the CLN group were compared with 92 in the ECO group. Patients in the ECO group were younger (68.4 vs. 64.0 years; P=.038) but no other differences were seen among groups. The average cost to achieve a first AV valid for haemodialysis was significantly lower in the ECO group (2707 vs. 3347€; P=.024). There was a higher cost associated with DUS assessments in the ECO group yet the CLN group had a higher cost related to follow-up visits, successive surgical interventions, prosthetic material, days of hospital admission and catheters. The mean time needed to achieve a first AV valid for haemodialysis was also shorter in the ECO group (49.9 vs. 82.9 days, P=.002). CONCLUSION: The introduction of a specialised vascular access consultation with DUS prior to VA surgery has reduced the cost necessary to achieve a first VA valid for haemodialysis. From the patient's point of view this has meant less interventions and hospital admissions and a shortening of the time delay.

Historia natural del paciente sometido a una amputación infracondílea: análisis de la supervivencia y protetización durante 2 décadas / Natural History After Below-knee Amputation: Analysis of Survival and Prosthetic Fitting Over 2 Decades

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la historia natural de los pacientes sometidos a una amputación infracondílea (AIC) y comparar su evolución a lo largo de 2 décadas, así como los factores predictores de supervivencia, protetización, y amputación contralateral. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 209 pacientes consecutivos (edad media 72,9 años, varones 67,9%) sometidos a AIC a lo largo de 2 periodos: 1996-2005 y 2006-2015. Se valoró mediante análisis de supervivencia la protetización, el riesgo de amputación contralateral y la supervivencia, así como sus factores predictores. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 133 AIC en el 1996-2005 y 106 en el 2006-2015. La etiología global que motivó la AIC fue por isquemia aguda (4,3%), crónica (34%), infección (9,1%) o mixta (crónica+infección, 52,6%), sin diferencias entre periodos. Se incrementaron las revascularizaciones previas entre ambas décadas del 31,6 al 54,3%. Supervivencia: mortalidad a un mes = 9,2%; un año = 31,9%; 2 años = 43,8% y 5 años = 63,9%, sin diferencias significativas entre ambos periodos. Protetización: tasa de protetización global del 44,5% durante todo el seguimiento, sin diferencias significativas entre ambos periodos. Lograron deambular el 41,1% de los pacientes. Amputación contralateral: El 20,1% de los pacientes requirieron posteriormente una amputación mayor contralateral, sin hallar diferencias significativas entre ambos periodos. CONCLUSIONES: En la última década han disminuido las AIC probablemente por un incremento del intervencionismo de revascularización previo. A pesar de ello, no se modificaron los resultados de protetización, amputación contralateral o supervivencia. En cualquier caso, el número de pacientes que llegan a alcanzar la deambulación es modesto, por lo que se subraya la necesidad de una óptima selección del paciente tributario a AIC con el objetivo de protetizarse

INTRODUCTION: This study sought to evaluate the natural history of patients undergoing below-knee amputation (BKA) and compare their evolution over 2 decades, as well as survival predictors, prosthetic fitting, and contralateral amputation. METHODS: Retrospective study of 209 consecutive patients (mean age 72.9 years; 68% males) who underwent BKA in 2 periods: 1996-2005 and 2006-2015. The fitting of prostheses, risk of contralateral amputation and survival, as well as their predictive factors, were assessed by survival analysis. RESULTS: 133 BKA were performed from 1996-2005 and 106 from 2006-2015. The etiology that motivated the BKA was acute ischemia (4.3%), chronic ischemia (34.0%), infection (9.1%) or mixed (chronic+infection, 52.6%), with no differences found between periods. Survival: mortality within one month = 9.2%, one year = 31.9%, 2 years = 43.8% and 5 years = 63.9%, with no significant differences between the 2 periods. Prosthetic: the fitting rate was 44.5% throughout the follow-up, with no significant differences between the two periods. 41.1% patients managed to walk. Contralateral amputation: 20.1% of the patients later required a major contralateral amputation, with no significant differences between the two periods. CONCLUSIONS: In the last decade, fewer BKA have been performed probably, due to higher previous interventional revascularization. Despite this, the results of fitting, contralateral amputation or survival were not modified. In any case, the number of patients who are able to achieve ambulation is modest, so it emphasizes the need for an optimal selection of patients with BKA with the goal of prosthetic fitting

Natural History After Below-knee Amputation: Analysis of Survival and Prosthetic Fitting Over 2 Decades. / Historia natural del paciente sometido a una amputación infracondílea: análisis de la supervivencia y protetización durante 2 décadas.

INTRODUCTION: This study sought to evaluate the natural history of patients undergoing below-knee amputation (BKA) and compare their evolution over 2 decades, as well as survival predictors, prosthetic fitting, and contralateral amputation. METHODS: Retrospective study of 209 consecutive patients (mean age 72.9 years; 68% males) who underwent BKA in 2 periods: 1996-2005 and 2006-2015. The fitting of prostheses, risk of contralateral amputation and survival, as well as their predictive factors, were assessed by survival analysis. RESULTS: 133 BKA were performed from 1996-2005 and 106 from 2006-2015. The etiology that motivated the BKA was acute ischemia (4.3%), chronic ischemia (34.0%), infection (9.1%) or mixed (chronic+infection, 52.6%), with no differences found between periods. Survival: mortality within one month=9.2%, one year=31.9%, 2 years=43.8% and 5 years=63.9%, with no significant differences between the 2 periods. Prosthetic: the fitting rate was 44.5% throughout the follow-up, with no significant differences between the two periods. 41.1% patients managed to walk. Contralateral amputation: 20.1% of the patients later required a major contralateral amputation, with no significant differences between the two periods. CONCLUSIONS: In the last decade, fewer BKA have been performed probably, due to higher previous interventional revascularization. Despite this, the results of fitting, contralateral amputation or survival were not modified. In any case, the number of patients who are able to achieve ambulation is modest, so it emphasizes the need for an optimal selection of patients with BKA with the goal of prosthetic fitting.

Utilidad de la valoración ecográfica previa a la realización del primer acceso vascular para hemodiálisis / Utility of doppler ultrasound in the preoperative evaluation of the first vascular access for haemodialysis

INTRODUCCIÓN: Tradicionalmente la indicación del tipo de acceso vascular (AV) se ha basado en la exploración física del cirujano, pero actualmente se sugiere que los métodos de imagen podrían aportar un beneficio. Nuestro objetivo fue valorar si el eco-doppler preoperatorio modifica los resultados del primer AV para hemodiálisis. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Cohorte prospectiva de pacientes sometidos a un primer AV entre junio de 2014 y julio de 2017, a quienes se practicó un eco-doppler preoperatorio (grupo ECO). Se compararon con una cohorte histórica (enero de 2012-mayo de 2014) de primeros AV indicados exclusivamente mediante clínica (grupo CLN). RESULTADOS: Se compararon 86 pacientes del grupo CLN con 92 del ECO, siendo estos últimos más jóvenes (68,4 vs 64,0 años; p = 0,038). Las permeabilidades primarias (CLN/ECO) a 1 y 2 años fueron del 59,5/71,9% y del 53,1/57,8%, marginalmente mejores en el grupo ECO (p = 0,057). Las permeabilidades asistidas a 1 y 2años fueron del 63,2/80,7% y del 58,1/70,2%, siendo significativamente mejores para el grupo ECO (p = 0,010). Requirieron un nuevo AV durante los primeros 6 meses, por falta de permeabilidad/utilidad del inicial, el 26,7% en el grupo CLN y el 7,6% en el ECO (p < 0,001). Se realizaron una media de 1,39 intervenciones para conseguir un AV útil en el grupo CLN y 1,08 en ECO (p = 0,001), siendo el primer AV útil a nivel radiocefálico en el 31,0/45,1% (p = 0,039). CONCLUSIÓN: La indicación del primer AV en función de una exploración mediante eco-doppler preoperatoria podría mejorar de forma significativa la permeabilidad, disminuir la necesidad de nuevos AV y permitir realizarlos más distales

INTRODUCTION: Traditionally, the indication of the type of vascular access (VA) has been based on the surgeon's physical examination, but it is now suggested that imaging methods could provide a clinical benefit. Our aim was to determine whether or not preoperative Doppler ultrasound modifies outcomes of the first VA for haemodialysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective cohort of patients undergoing a first VA from June 2014 to July 2017 who had a preoperative Doppler ultrasound (ECO group). They were compared to a historical cohort (January 2012-May 2014) of first VA indicated exclusively by clinical assessment (CLN group). RESULTS: A total of 86 patients from the CLN group were compared to 92 from the ECO group, which was younger (68.4 vs 64.0, P = .038). The primary patency (CLN/ECO) at 1 and 2 years was 59.5%/71.9% and 53.1%/57.8% respectively, marginally better in the ECO group (P = .057). The assisted patency at 1 and 2 years was 63.2%/80.7% and 58.1%/70.2%, respectively, significantly better for the ECO group (P = .010). Due to lack of patency/utility of the initial VA, 26.7% in the CLN group and 7.6% in the ECO group (P <.001) required a new VA during the first 6months. An average of 1.39 interventions were performed to achieve a useful VA in the CLN group and 1.08 in the ECO group (P < .001), the first VA being useful at the radiocephalic level in 31.0%/45.1% (P = .039). CONCLUSION: The indication of the first VA according to a preoperative Doppler ultrasound examination could decrease the need for new VA, enable them to be made more distal, and significantly improve patency

Angioplastia guiada mediante eco Doppler en el tratamiento de las estenosis de fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálisis / Ultrasound-guided angioplasty in the treatment of arterio-venous fistula stenosi

INTRODUCCIÓN: las estenosis en el trayecto de fístulas arteriovenosas (FAV) para hemodiálisis son un problema muy prevalente y existe una larga experiencia en su tratamiento mediante angioplastia percutánea (ATP). Estos procedimientos, sin embargo, implican unas necesidades no despreciables de aparataje, exposición a radiación y contraste intravenoso que no son beneficiosas para el paciente y hacen más compleja su realización. Este estudio revisa nuestra experiencia inicial en la angioplastia guiada mediante ecografía Doppler. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: cohorte prospectiva de pacientes con disfunción de la FAV nativa por estenosis venosas significativas tratados mediante una ATP guiada mediante eco Doppler. La punción de la FAV, la cateterización de la lesión, la localización y el inflado del balón y la comprobación del resultado se hicieron de forma ecoguiada. Tan solo se realizaron una fistulografía comprobatoria previa y otra posterior a la dilatación. Como control, se recogieron también los casos realizados durante el mismo periodo por el método angiográfico habitual. RESULTADOS: entre febrero de 2015 y septiembre de 2018 se realizaron 51 ATP sobre FAV nativa, de las que 27 fueron de forma ecoguiada (edad media, 65,3 años; 63% varones). El éxito técnico fue del 96%. En el 26% de los casos se repitió la ATP por estenosis residual tras la imagen angiográfica. Hubo un 7,3% de complicaciones periprocedimiento. El 92% de las FAV fueron puncionadas a las 24 h. La permeabilidad primaria a 1 mes, 6 meses y 1 año fue del 100%, 64,8% y 43,6%, y la asistida del 100%, 87,2% y 74,8%. No hubo diferencias significativas en los resultados inmediatos o tardíos respecto a las angioplastias de FAV guiadas mediante angiografía. CONCLUSIONES: la ATP-FAV puede realizarse de manera segura y eficaz guiada mediante ecografía Doppler, lo que permite simplificar la logística necesaria para su realización, si bien debemos mejorar todavía la capacidad de comprobación precoz del resultado con esta técnica de imagen

BACKGROUND: stenoses in the arterio-venous fistulae (AVF) for hemodialysis are a very common problem and there is a long experience in its treatment by percutaneous angioplasty (PTA). These procedures, however, imply important needs for equipment, exposure to radiation and intravenous contrast that are not beneficial for the patient and make it more complex to perform. This study reviews our initial experience in ultrasound-guided angioplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: prospective cohort of patients with native AVF dysfunction due to significant venous stenosis, undergoing a PTA ultrasound-guided. Puncture of the AVF, catheterization of the lesion, localization and inflation of the balloon and verification of the result were ultrasound-guided, with only a fistulography performed before and after the dilation. As a control-cases, patients intervened by the usual angiographic method were also collected. RESULTS: of the 51 ATP performed on native AVF between February 2015 and September 2018, 27 were ultrasound-guided (mean age 65.3 years, 63% males). The technical success was 96%. In 26% of the cases, ATP was repeated due to residual stenosis after the angiographic image. There were 7.3% peri-procedural complications. 92% of the AVF were punctured at 24 h. Primary patency rates at 1 month, 6 months and 1 year was 100%, 64.8% and 43.6% and Assisted 100%, 87.2% and 74.8%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the immediate or late results with respect to angioplasty of AVF guided by angiography. CONCLUSIONS: ATP-FAV can be safe and effectively performed by Doppler ultrasound guidance. This method simplifies the logistics of the procedure although further improvements are needed to ensure that ultrasound is adequate to ensure the correct patency of the vessel

Utility of doppler ultrasound in the preoperative evaluation of the first vascular access for haemodialysis. / Utilidad de la valoración ecográfica previa a la realización del primer acceso vascular para hemodiálisis.

INTRODUCTION: Traditionally, the indication of the type of vascular access (VA) has been based on the surgeon's physical examination, but it is now suggested that imaging methods could provide a clinical benefit. Our aim was to determine whether or not preoperative Doppler ultrasound modifies outcomes of the first VA for haemodialysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective cohort of patients undergoing a first VA from June 2014 to July 2017 who had a preoperative Doppler ultrasound (ECO group). They were compared to a historical cohort (January 2012-May 2014) of first VA indicated exclusively by clinical assessment (CLN group). RESULTS: A total of 86 patients from the CLN group were compared to 92 from the ECO group, which was younger (68.4 vs 64.0, P=.038). The primary patency (CLN/ECO) at 1 and 2years was 59.5%/71.9% and 53.1%/57.8% respectively, marginally better in the ECO group (P=.057). The assisted patency at 1 and 2years was 63.2%/80.7% and 58.1%/70.2%, respectively, significantly better for the ECO group (P=.010). Due to lack of patency/utility of the initial VA, 26.7% in the CLN group and 7.6% in the ECO group (P<.001) required a new VA during the first 6months. An average of 1.39 interventions were performed to achieve a useful VA in the CLN group and 1.08 in the ECO group (P<.001), the first VA being useful at the radiocephalic level in 31.0%/45.1% (P=.039). CONCLUSION: The indication of the first VA according to a preoperative Doppler ultrasound examination could decrease the need for new VA, enable them to be made more distal, and significantly improve patency.

[Aorto-bifermoral grafs infection due to Candida parapsilosis. An unusual pathogen]. / Infección de injerto aortobifemoral por Candida parapsilosis. Un germen inhabitual.

BACKGROUND: Aorto-enteric fistula is a rare and potentially lethal entity. Its presentation may be as an enteric-paraprosthetic fistula, due to injury in the gut caused by direct contact with the vascular prosthesis. OBJECTIVE: We report a case of enteric-paraprosthetic fistulae with the unusual finding of Candida parapsilosis as the only isolated pathogen. CLINICAL CASE: A 65-year-old male, smoker, with aortobifemoral revascularisation with dacron due to aortoiliac occlusive disease, and re-intervention for thrombosis of left arm at 6 months. Hospitalisation at 22 months was required due to a toxic syndrome, which was diagnosed as enteric-paraprosthetic fistulae after complementary studies. The graft was removed and an extra-anatomic revascularisation was performed. Microbiology specimens taken from the duodenal segment in contact with the prosthesis showed the prosthetic segment and peri-prosthetic fluid were positive to C. parapsilosis. DISCUSSION: The finding of C. parapsilosis in all cultures taken during surgery, along with negative blood cultures and no other known sources of infection, is of interest. It is an unusual pathogen with low virulence and limited as regards other Candida species. Our patient had no clinical data common to cases of infection with C. parapsilosis, and the mechanism of graft infection is unknown. CONCLUSION: Graft infection by C. parapsilosis may be anecdotal. However, its consequences can also be severe. Microbiological tests can be useful to adjust antimicrobial therapy in the post-operative period, but their usefulness for determining the aetiology is doubtful, as it may be just an incidental finding.

Factores predictores de permeabilidad a medio plazo en el stenting primario del sector femoro-poplíteo en pacientes con isquemia crítica / Predictors of medium–term patency in percutaneous endovascular therapy of femoro-popliteal lesions

INTRODUCCIÓN: Conocer los resultados a medio plazo de la angioplastia con stent del sector femoropoplíteo en pacientes con isquemia crítica e identificar aquellos factores angiográficos que inciden en la permeabilidad primaria. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Revisión retrospectiva de 98 pacientes consecutivos con isquemia crítica y caracterizados angiográficamente como TASC A = 13 (14%), B = 38 (40%), C = 24 (25%) y D = 20 (21%), sobre los que se realizaron 106 angioplastias con implantación primaria de stents autoexpandibles entre 2006 y 2011. RESULTADOS: Los resultados inmediatos de permeabilidad, salvamento de extremidad y supervivencia fueron del 95, 96 y 96%, respectivamente. La permeabilidad primaria a 1 y 2 años fue del 54 y 38%, respectivamente. Veintisiete casos (25%) requirieron procedimientos endovasculares iterativos, determinando una permeabilidad asistida a 1 y 2 años del 72 y 60%, y secundaria del 80 y 67%. Se asociaron (log rank) a una menor permeabilidad primaria una longitud del stent mayor de 20 cm (p < 0,001), afectación de la arteria poplítea (p = 0,004) y lesiones TASC C y D (p = 0,04). En el análisis multivariable (Cox), solo una longitud de stent > 20 cm mostró carácter predictor independiente y negativo sobre la permeabilidad primaria (HR = 5,7; p < 0,001). El salvamento de extremidad a 1 y 2 años fue de 83 y 81%, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: La angioplastia con stent primario en el sector femoropoplíteo es una técnica segura aunque con unos resultados a medio plazo pobres en pacientes con isquemia crítica cuyas lesiones femoropoplíteas requieren una cobertura mayor de 20 cm. En estos casos, el bypass con vena adecuada debería constituir la técnica de elección

BACKGROUND: The objective is to study the medium-term results of angioplasty and stenting in the femoro-popliteal sector in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI), and identify angiographic predictive factors of primary patency. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 98 patients with critical ischemia and angiographic lesions characterized as TASC A = 13 (14%), B = 38 (40%), C = 24 (25%) or D = 20 (21%). A total of 106 angioplasties and primary self-expanding stents (mean length of stent coverage of 19 cm) were performed between January 2006 and January 2011. RESULTS: The immediate results of patency, limb salvage and survival were 95, 96 and 96%, respectively. Primary patency at 1 and 2 years was 54 and 38%, respectively. Twenty-seven cases (25%) required endovascular iterative procedures, providing an assisted patency at 1 and 2 years of 72 and 60%, and a secondary patency of 80 and 67%. A lower primary patency was observed (log rank) when stent length was > 20 cm (P < .001), popliteal artery was invloved (P = .004), and in TASC C and D lesions (P = .04). In multivariate analysis (Cox), only stent length > 20 cm was an independent negative predictor for primary patency (HR = 5.7, P < .001). The limb salvage at 1 and 2 years was 83 and 81%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Angioplasty with stent in the femoro-popliteal sector is a safe technique, but with significantly lower permeability results in injuries that require stent coverage of more than 20 cm. In these cases, vein bypass surgery should be the procedure of choice

Predictors of medium-term patency in percutaneous endovascular therapy of femoro-popliteal lesions.

BACKGROUND: The objective is to study the medium-term results of angioplasty and stenting in the femoro-popliteal sector in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI), and identify angiographic predictive factors of primary patency. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 98 patients with critical ischemia and angiographic lesions characterized as TASC A=13 (14%), B=38 (40%), C=24 (25%) or D=20 (21%). A total of 106 angioplasties and primary self-expanding stents (mean length of stent coverage of 19cm) were performed between January 2006 and January 2011. RESULTS: The immediate results of patency, limb salvage and survival were 95, 96 and 96%, respectively. Primary patency at 1 and 2 years was 54 and 38%, respectively. Twenty-seven cases (25%) required endovascular iterative procedures, providing an assisted patency at 1 and 2 years of 72 and 60%, and a secondary patency of 80 and 67%. A lower primary patency was observed (log rank) when stent length was >20cm (P<.001), popliteal artery was invloved (P=.004), and in TASC C and D lesions (P=.04). In multivariate analysis (Cox), only stent length>20cm was an independent negative predictor for primary patency (HR=5.7, P<.001). The limb salvage at 1 and 2 years was 83 and 81%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Angioplasty with stent in the femoro-popliteal sector is a safe technique, but with significantly lower permeability results in injuries that require stent coverage of more than 20cm. In these cases, vein bypass surgery should be the procedure of choice.

Tratamiento percutáneo de fístula arteriovenosa y pseudoaneurisma tras biopsia renal en un riñón trasplantado / Percutaneous treatment of an arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm after a transplanted kidney biopsy

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