RESUMEN
Childhood trauma can lead to lifelong detrimental outcomes. Intergenerational trauma should be considered when supporting healthy parent-child relationships. Research is needed on intergenerational trauma in relation to children's negative life event exposure, which could compound intergenerational trauma. We examined the prevalence of and relations between mother and child traumas in a sample of 88 biological mothers and their preschool-aged children. We coded child negative life events to examine those related to intergenerational trauma. Results showed that mother traumas and child negative life events were positively associated; subtypes of mothers' traumas (abuse, neglect) and high trauma levels were associated with higher numbers of child negative life events, including those tied to parent trauma. It is necessary to consider how childhood trauma in adults and children is measured, and what analyses can reveal about the intergenerational context, especially considering compounding current, stressful world events.
RESUMEN
This paper examines the misalignment between modern human society and certain male phenotypes, a misalignment that has been highlighted and explored in great detail in the work of Tom Dishion. We begin by briefly enumerating the ongoing developmental difficulties of many boys and young men and how these difficulties affect them and those around them. We then suggest that the qualities that have been advantageous for men and their families in our earlier evolution but that are often no longer functional in modern society are a source of these problems. Finally, we provide a brief review of prevention programs that can contribute to preventing this type of problematic development and eliciting more prosocial behavior from at-risk boys and men. We conclude with an overview of research and policy priorities that could contribute to reducing the proportion of boys and young men who experience developmental difficulties in making their way in the world.