Effects of Traditional and Vascular Restricted Strength Training Program With Equalized Volume on Isometric and Dynamic Strength, Muscle Thickness, Electromyographic Activity, and Endothelial Function Adaptations in Young Adults.

Ramis, TR, Muller, CHdL, Boeno, FP, Teixeira, BC, Rech, A, Pompermayer, MG, Medeiros, NdS, Oliveira, ÁRd, Pinto, RS, and Ribeiro, JL. Effects of traditional and vascular restricted strength training program with equalized volume on isometric and dynamic strength, muscle thickness, electromyographic activity, and endothelial function adaptations in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 689-698, 2020-The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the acute and chronic effects of partial vascular occlusion training in young, physically active adults. Neuromuscular, morphological, and endothelial function responses were compared between high-intensity resistance training (HI-RT) and low-intensity resistance training with partial vascular occlusion (LI-BFR), despite the same training volume. The 28 subjects (age, 23.96 ± 2.67 years) were randomly assigned into 2 groups: LI-BFR (n = 15) and HI-RT (n = 13). Both groups performed unilateral exercise of elbow flexion (EF) and knee extension (KE) 3 times per week for 8 weeks. This study was approved by the ethics committee. Flow-mediated dilation showed a significant difference in baseline and post-training in the LI-BFR group (4.44 ± 0.51 vs. 6.35 ± 2.08 mm, respectively). For nitrite/nitrate concentrations only, there was a significant difference when comparing pre- and post-acute exercise in both groups. The torque and rep. Sixty percent 1 repetition maximum had improvements in both groups. There were differences between groups only in isometric delta EF and isokinetic delta KE (EF 3.42 ± 5.09 and 9.61 ± 7.52 N·m; KE 12.78 ± 25.61 and 42.69 ± 35.68 N·m; LI-BFR and HI-RT groups, respectively). There was a significant increase of muscle thickness in both groups. An increase of both isokinetic and isometric electromyography (EMG) of biceps of the HI-RT group was observed. The same was observed for the LI-BFR group regarding isokinetic and isometric EMG of vastus lateralis. Thus, in addition to strength and hypertrophy gains, this study also shows benefits related to vascular function. For practical applications, this study demonstrates a clinical importance of LI-BFR training as an alternative methodology.

Acute effects of strength exercise with blood flow restriction on vascular function of young healthy males.

BACKGROUND: Strength training with blood flow restriction (STBFR) provokes similar neuromuscular adaptations to traditional strength training using low training loads. However, there is a need for better understanding of the repercussions for antioxidant parameters and vascular function. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of a session of low intensity strength training with blood flow restriction, compared with high intensity and low intensity strength training without blood flow restriction, on the levels of nitric oxide products and antioxidant enzyme activity in healthy young men. METHODS: Eleven young men performed three strength exercise sessions: low intensity with blood flow restriction (LIBFR), high intensity (HI), and low intensity (LI). Activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was assessed and metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx) were assayed before and after each session. RESULTS: There were no changes to NOx plasma levels under the different exercise conditions (p > 0.05). However, SOD activity exhibited a significant reduction after the LIBFR condition (p < 0.05), while CAT activity reduced significantly after the LI condition (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that one session of low intensity strength training with blood flow restriction does not reduce bioavailability of nitric oxide or induce redox imbalance in healthy young men.

Efeito agudo do exercício de força com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo sobre parâmetros antioxidantes em indivíduos jovens saudáveis / Acute effects of strength exercise with blood flow restriction on vascular function of young healthy males

O treinamento de força com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo (TFRFS) promove adaptações neuromusculares semelhantes às do treinamento de força tradicional utilizando pequenas cargas de treinamento. No entanto, sua repercussão sobre parâmetros antioxidantes e sobre a função vascular precisa ser mais bem compreendida. Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito de uma sessão de exercício de força de baixa intensidade com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo, em comparação ao exercício de força de alta intensidade e de baixa intensidade sem restrição do fluxo sanguíneo, sobre os níveis de subprodutos do oxido nítrico e a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes em jovens saudáveis. Métodos: Onze indivíduos jovens realizaram três sessões de exercício de força: baixa intensidade com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo (BIRFS), alta intensidade (AI) ou baixa intensidade (BI). Foram avaliadas a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes catalase (CAT), superóxido dismutase (SOD) e dos metabólitos do óxido nítrico (NOx). Resultados: Não houve modificações nos níveis plasmáticos de NOx nas diferentes condições de exercício (p > 0,05). A atividade da SOD apresentou uma diminuição significativa na condição BIRFS (p < 0,05). A atividade da CAT diminuiu significativamente na condição BI (p < 0.05). Conclusões: A partir do presente estudo sugere-se que uma sessão de treinamento de força de baixa intensidade com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo não reduz a biodisponibilidade do óxido nítrico, bem como não induz desequilíbrio redox em indivíduos jovens saudáveis.

Strength training with blood flow restriction (STBFR) provokes similar neuromuscular adaptations to traditional strength training using low training loads. However, there is a need for better understanding of the repercussions for antioxidant parameters and vascular function. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of a session of low intensity strength training with blood flow restriction, compared with high intensity and low intensity strength training without blood flow restriction, on the levels of nitric oxide products and antioxidant enzyme activity in healthy young men. Methods: Eleven young men performed three strength exercise sessions: low intensity with blood flow restriction (LIBFR), high intensity (HI), and low intensity (LI). Activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was assessed and metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx) were assayed before and after each session. Results: There were no changes to NOx plasma levels under the different exercise conditions (p > 0.05). However, SOD activity exhibited a significant reduction after the LIBFR condition (p < 0.05), while CAT activity reduced significantly after the LI condition (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that one session of low intensity strength training with blood flow restriction does not reduce bioavailability of nitric oxide or induce redox imbalance in healthy young men.

Antioxidants from Annatto Seeds as Possible Inhibitory Agents of the Hepatotoxicity Induced by the Antitumor Agent Cisplatin.

The effects of annatto seeds and of bixin on the oxidative damage induced by cisplatin in male Wistar rats was evaluated in the present study by way of lipid peroxidation, weight gain, the food efficiency coefficient, fat deposits in the hepatocytes and dosing of the enzymes in this organ. The animals were divided into four groups: control group (CG), cisplatin group (CPG), bixin+cisplatin group (CBG) and annatto+cisplatin group (CUG). Cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally 48 hours before the end of the experiment. The bixin and annatto were administered daily together with the commercial feed. The pre-treatment with annatto and bixin attenuated the cisplatin-induced liver damage and significantly reduced the enzymes AST and ALT. Annatto was shown to be capable of inhibiting lipid peroxidation as determined by TBARS. These results suggest that annatto seeds and bixin could be important agents in the reduction of cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.

Effects of concurrent training on oxidative stress and insulin resistance in obese individuals.

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and increased oxidative stress. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate anthropometric parameters, IR, and oxidative stress in obese individuals subjected to two types of concurrent training at the same intensity but differing in frequency. Accordingly, 25 individuals were divided into two groups: concurrent training 1 (CT1) (5 d/wk) and concurrent training 2 (CT2) (3 d/wk), both with moderate intensity. Anthropometric parameters, IR, and oxidative stress were analyzed before and after 26 sessions of training. Both groups had reduced body weight and body mass index (P < 0.05), but only CT1 showed lower body fat percentage and increased basal metabolic rate (P < 0.05). Moreover, CT1 had increased HOMA-IR and decreased protein damage (carbonyl level), and CT2 had decreased HOMA-IR and increased lipid peroxidation (TBARS level) (P < 0.05). On the other hand, both training protocols reduced the GPx activity. It can be concluded that both types of concurrent training could be an alternative for lowering body weight and BMI. Also, it was observed that concurrent training, depending on the frequency, can contribute to reducing body fat, oxidative damage (protein oxidation), and IR but can induce oxidative damage to lipids. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved.

Atividade citotóxica do extrato de Vitis labrusca em culturas de Trichomonas vaginalis / Cytotoxic activity of Vitis labrusca extract in cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis

Objetivos: Avaliar a atividade anti-Trichomonas vaginalis do extrato de folhas de videira (Vitis labrusca) provenientes de cultivo convencional e orgânico.Métodos: Extratos de folhas secas de videira, orgânico e convencional, foram elaborados com extrator Sohxlet. A composição fenólica total dos extratos foi avaliada por Folin-Cicoalteau e Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. A atividade antiparasitária dos extratos foi realizada em cultura de T. vaginalis. Os testes foram realizados em três concentrações finais: 5, 10 e 20 mg/mL. Os trofozoítos foram contados em hemocitômetro e sua densidade foi ajustada em meio de cultura Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Maltose (TYM), de forma a se obter a concentração final de 1×105 trofozoítos/mL. Após incubação com os extratos por 24 horas a 37°C, foi feita a contagem dos trofozoítos com motilidade em hemocitômetro. Os controles do veículo foram realizados, adicionando-se água em substituição aos extratos.Resultados: O extrato de folhas convencionais é rico em catequina e os orgânicos, em resveratrol. Os extratos de V. labrusca não apresentaram atividade anti-T. vaginalis nas concentrações de 5 e 10 mg/mL. Entretanto na concentração de 20 mg/L, o extrato de folhas secas convencionais reduziu em 100% e o extrato orgânico em 48% a sobrevivência dos trofozoítos. Os polifenóis catequina, quercetina e rutina estavam em maior concentração no extrato com maior eficácia, os quais podem ser os responsáveis pela ação anti-T. vaginalis do extrato convencional.Conclusões: O extrato de folha de videira pode ser uma alternativa no combate a T. vaginalis. Estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos são necessários para comprovar eficácia e segurança desta intervenção...

AIMS: To evaluate the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of the extract of organic and conventional leaves of Vitis labrusca.METHODS: Organic and conventional grapevine leaf extracts were prepared with extractor Sohxlet. The total phenolic extracts were evaluated by Folin-Cicoalteau and High-Performace Liquid Chromatography. The antiparasitic activity of the extracts was performed on growth of T. vaginalis. Tests were conducted at three final concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL. The trophozoites were counted by hemocytometer and their density was adjusted in Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Maltose (TYM) growth environment in order to obtain a final concentration of 1x105 trophozoites/ml. After incubated with the extracts for 24 hours at 37 �C, the count of motile trophozoites was taken by hemocytometer. The vehicle controls were performed by substituting the extract by water.RESULTS: The conventional leaf extract is rich in catechin and the organic in resveratrol. The extracts of V. labrusca showed no anti-T.vaginalis activity at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/mL. However in the concentration of 20 mg/L conventional grapevine leaf extracts reduced by 100% and the organic extract by 48% the survival of trophozoites. Catechin polyphenols, quercetin and rutin were in higher concentration in the extract with greater efficacy, which may be the responsible for the anti-T. vaginalis action of the conventional extract.CONCLUSIONS: The vine leaf extract may be an alternative to combat T. vaginalis. Pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed to confirm efficacy and safety of this intervention...