Benefits of being part of a support group for caregivers of children with multiple disabilities: a qualitative study. / Beneficios de pertenecer a un grupo de apoyo de cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple: un estudio cualitativo.

OBJECTIVE: Motivation for the study. Filling a knowledge gap regarding support groups for caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. Main findings. Support groups are valuable spaces for social support and learning for caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. They facilitate resilience and coping strategies following the birth of a child with multiple disabilities. They promote the participation and empowerment of caregivers of children with multiple disabilities to address access barriers and advocate for the fundamental rights of children. Implications. It is important to promote and support support groups for caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. To explore the perceived benefits of participating in a support group of caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: A qualitative study with a focused ethnographic approach was conducted from October 2022 to February 2023, in which we applied convenience sampling. We included 20 caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. Information was collected through participant observation, focus groups, and semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was performed by applying Braun and Clark's proposals. RESULTS.: The emerging themes were: social support network: integrating, informing, and helping each other; learning space: learning to take care and to take care of oneself; promoting empowerment: identifying and facing access barriers. CONCLUSIONS.: We found that the support group functions as a social support network provides information, reduces uncertainty, and facilitates coping and resilience after the birth and upbringing of a child with multiple disabilities. It is a space where one learns to care for and take care of oneself and where empowerment for the defense of the rights of children with disabilities is promoted.

OBJETIVO.: Motivación para realizar el estudio. Llenar un vacío de conocimiento sobre los grupos de apoyo de cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple. Principales hallazgos. Los grupos de apoyo son espacios valiosos de apoyo social y aprendizaje para las cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple. Facilitan la resiliencia, el afrontamiento tras tener un niño con discapacidad múltiple. Favorecen la participación y empoderamiento de las cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple para enfrentar barreras de acceso y defender los derechos fundamentales de los niños. Implicancias. Es importante fomentar y respaldar los grupos de apoyo para cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple. Explorar la percepción de los beneficios de participar en un grupo de apoyo de cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Estudio cualitativo, enfoque etnográfico focalizado, realizado de octubre del 2022 a febrero del 2023, muestreo por conveniencia, participaron 20 cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple. La información se recolectó mediante observación participante, grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se realizó análisis temático aplicando las propuestas por Braun y Clark. RESULTADOS.: Los temas emergentes fueron: red de apoyo social: integrarse, informarse y ayudarse mutuamente; espacio de aprendizaje: se aprende a cuidar y a cuidarse; promueve el empoderamiento: identificar y enfrentar barreras de acceso. CONCLUSIONES.: El grupo de apoyo funciona como una red de apoyo social, proporciona información, reduce la incertidumbre, facilita el afrontamiento y la resiliencia tras el nacimiento y crianza de un hijo con discapacidad múltiple. Espacio donde se aprende a cuidar y a cuidarse a sí mismo y donde se promueve el empoderamiento para la defensa de los derechos de los niños con discapacidad.

Cronicidad: significado construido por los cuidadores y las personas cuidadas / Cronicidade: Significado construído por cuidadores e pessoas cuidadas / Chronicity: Meaning constructed by caregivers and people cared

Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisiblesvan en aumento, ocasionando discapacidad y dependenciaen quien la padece, así como la necesidad de un cuidador.La cronicidad es un concepto que se ha analizado desde lamirada de la persona que la padece, dejando un vacío en lacomprensión del significado para el cuidador.Objetivo: Comprender el significado de la cronicidad paralas personas con Enfermedades crónicas no transmisiblesy sus cuidadores informales.Materiales y métodos: Investigación cualitativa fenomenológica-hermenéutica según la propuesta de Van Manen, muestreocasual orientado por criterio, participaron 10 personasenfermas y 9 cuidadores. Los criterios de rigor de credibilidad yconfirmabilidad, confiabilidad y la transferibilidad, garantizaronla calidad del estudio.Resultados: emergieron los siguientes temas: brindar y recibircuidado como un acto de amor; unión de la familia; enfrentarsea la dureza; recibir, brindar y buscar apoyo; estar pendiente;cambio de vida; proceso de aprendizaje; una compañía paratoda la vida; imponer restricciones, limitaciones y pérdidas.Conclusiones: el significado de la cronicidad para loscuidadores y las personas enfermas es complejo, dinámicoy multidimensional; por lo tanto, es necesario realizarintervenciones que ayuden a mitigar el impacto que estaproduce en la vida de este binomio.(AU)

Introduction: Noncommunicable chronic diseasesare rising, causing disability and dependence in theones who suffer from them, as well as the necessityof a caregiver. Chronicity is a concept which has beenanalyzed from the perspective of the ill, leaving a voidin the comprehension of the meaning for the caregiver.Aim: To understand the meaning of chronicity forpeople with non transmissible chronic diseases andtheir informal caregivers.Materials and methods: Qualitative phenomenological-hermeneutic investigation according to the Van Manenproposal, casual sampling orientated by criteria withthe participation of 10 sick people and 9 caregivers.The rigor criteria of credibility and confirmability,reliability, and transferability guaranteed the qualityof the study.Results: The next topics emerged: to offer and receivecare as a love act, family union, facing the hardness,receiving, giving, and looking support, being aware,change of life, learning process, a company for wholelife, imposing restrictions, limitations, and loss.Conclusions: The meaning of chronicity for caregivers andsick people is complex, dynamic, and multidimensionalwhich is why it is important to realize interventionsthat help mitigate the impact in the life of the binomial.(AU)

Introdução: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveisestão aumentando, causando incapacidade e dependênciaem quem as sofre, bem como a necessidade de umcuidador. A cronicidade é um conceito que vem sendoanalisado na perspetiva da pessoa que a sofre, deixandouma lacuna na compreensão de seu significado parao cuidador.Objetivo: compreender o significado da cronicidadepara pessoas com doenças crônicas não transmissíveise seus cuidadores informais.Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa fenomenológico-hermenêutica segundo a proposta de Van Manen,amostragem casual orientada por critérios, participaram10 doentes e 9 cuidadores. Os rigorosos critérios decredibilidade e confirmabilidade, confiabilidade etransferibilidade garantiram a qualidade do estudo.Resultados: emergiram os seguintes temas: dar ereceber cuidado como ato de amor; união familiar;enfrentar aspereza; receber, fornecer e buscar apoio;estar pendente; mudança de vida; processo deaprendizagem; uma empresa para a vida; imponharestrições, limitações e perdas.Conclusões: o significado da cronicidade paracuidadores e pessoas doentes é complexo, dinâmicoe multidimensional; portanto, é necessário realizarintervenções que ajudem a mitigar o impacto queisso produz na vida desse binômio.(AU)

Beneficios de pertenecer a un grupo de apoyo de cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple: un estudio cualitativo / Benefits of being part of a support group for caregivers of children with multiple disabilities: a qualitative study

RESUMEN Objetivo. Explorar la percepción de los beneficios de participar en un grupo de apoyo de cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cualitativo, enfoque etnográfico focalizado, realizado de octubre del 2022 a febrero del 2023, muestreo por conveniencia, participaron 20 cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple. La información se recolectó mediante observación participante, grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se realizó análisis temático aplicando las propuestas por Braun y Clark. Resultados. Los temas emergentes fueron: red de apoyo social: integrarse, informarse y ayudarse mutuamente; espacio de aprendizaje: se aprende a cuidar y a cuidarse; promueve el empoderamiento: identificar y enfrentar barreras de acceso. Conclusiones. El grupo de apoyo funciona como una red de apoyo social, proporciona información, reduce la incertidumbre, facilita el afrontamiento y la resiliencia tras el nacimiento y crianza de un hijo con discapacidad múltiple. Espacio donde se aprende a cuidar y a cuidarse a sí mismo y donde se promueve el empoderamiento para la defensa de los derechos de los niños con discapacidad.

ABSTRACT Objective . To explore the perceived benefits of participating in a support group of caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. Materials and methods. A qualitative study with a focused ethnographic approach was conducted from October 2022 to February 2023, in which we applied convenience sampling. We included 20 caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. Information was collected through participant observation, focus groups, and semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was performed by applying Braun and Clark's proposals. Results. The emerging themes were: social support network: integrating, informing, and helping each other; learning space: learning to take care and to take care of oneself; promoting empowerment: identifying and facing access barriers. Conclusions. We found that the support group functions as a social support network provides information, reduces uncertainty, and facilitates coping and resilience after the birth and upbringing of a child with multiple disabilities. It is a space where one learns to care for and take care of oneself and where empowerment for the defense of the rights of children with disabilities is promoted.

Mortalidad por SARS-CoV2 en personas con insuficiencia renal crónica: una revisión integrativa / Mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with chronic kidney disease: an integrative review

Introducción:La enfermedad infecciosa producida por el virus SARS-CoV2 provocó un grave problema de salud pública en la población en general; y para las personas con insuficiencia re-nal, se observó un mayor riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones severas y muerte.Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia científica relacionada con la mortalidad por SARS-CoV2 -19 de las personas con insuficien-cia renal crónica.Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión integrativa, mediante búsqueda en las bases de datos Scopus, EBSCO, Pubmed (con-tiene además la base Medline), Science Direct, Scielo, Lilacs, y Embase.Resultados: Se obtuvieron y revisaron un total de 14 artículos. Estos, estaban escritos en idioma inglés y español, publicados en Europa (6), en Asia (5), en Norteamérica (1) y Latinoamérica (2). Las variables sociodemógraficas que mostraron influencia en la mortalidad fueron género masculino, edad avanzada, fra-gilidad de los pacientes en diálisis, presencia de comorbilidades como el síndrome cardiorrenal, cardiopatía isquémica, sobrepe-so, obesidad, multimorbilidad, diabetes, hipertensión arterial, antecedentes de ictus y demencia. Conclusiones: Se observó que la mortalidad por SARS-CoV2 grave fue mayor en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica que en la población en general, asociado con cambios en los marcadores bioquímicos como elevación de la troponina, pro-teína C reactiva, enzimas hepáticas, marcadores inflamatorios, disminución de linfocitos, albúmina sérica, así mismo, las com-plicaciones desarrolladas y que se asociaban con la mortalidad fueron síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, coagulación intravascular diseminada, shock séptico, hipotensión y neumo-nía (AU)

ortality due to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with chronic kidney disease: an integrative reviewIntroduction: The infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has posed a serious public health problem in the general population. For individuals with chronic kidney disease, a higher risk of developing severe complications and mortality has been observedObjective: To identify scientific evidence related to mor-tality from SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with chronic kidney disease.Methodology: An integrative review was conducted by searching the Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed (which also includes the Medline database), Science Direct, Scielo, Lilacs, and Embase databases. Results: A total of 14 articles were obtained and reviewed. These articles were written in English and Spanish and were published in Europe (6), Asia (5), North America (1), and Latin America (2). Sociodemographic variables that showed influence on mortality included male gender, advanced age, frailty of dialysis patients, presence of comorbidities such as cardio-renal syndrome, ischemic heart disease, overweight, obesity, multimorbidity, diabetes, hypertension, a history of stroke, and dementia.Conclusions: Severe mortality from SARS-CoV-2 was observed to be higher in patients with chronic kidney disease than in the general population. This was associated with changes in biochemical markers such as elevated troponin, C-reactive protein, liver enzymes, inflammatory markers, decreased lymphocytes, and serum albumin. Additionally, complications associated with mortality included acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, septic shock, hypotension, and pneumonia (AU)

Anatomical variations and abnormalities of the maxillary region and clinical implications: A systematic review and metaanalysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to investigate and analyze the anatomical variations present in the maxillary sinus (MS), through the examination of the prevalence of these variations, as well as the corresponding prevalence of clinically significant pathologies and complications associated with them. METHODS: The search process was carried out in the following databases; MEDLINE, SCIELO, WOS, CINHAL, SCOPUS, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR, using as search terms; "Maxillary bone," "Maxillary sinus," "Paranasal sinus," "Anatomical variations," "Sinusitis" and "Clinical anatomy." RESULTS: A total of 26 articles and 12969 samples were included, from which 12,594 subjects had their sex recorded giving a total of 5802 males and 6792 females. The variants reported by the included were Haller cells, Concha Bullosa, Number of septa, Hypoplastic sinus, Agger Nasi, Thickening of the MS mucosa, Deviation of the nasal septum, Accessory ostium, and Onodi cells. Among the mentioned, the ones that presented the greatest number of studies (between 8 and 10 studies included) were: the Haller Cells, the Concha Bullosa, and the Number of septa, where prevalence was 0.30, 0.36, 0.39 respectively. These variations can lead to sinusitis, cause some types of tumors, or affect neighboring structures that could be compromised by this variation. CONCLUSION: As a result, it is certainly complex to distinguish the presence of anatomical variations from pathological abnormalities. Therefore, knowledge of the different variations and their clinical relationships could be a useful asset for clinicians dedicated to this region.

Work Engagement Scale: Construct Validity and Reliability in the Colombian Organizational Context.

This manuscript shows the results of the evidence of content and internal structure obtained from an instrument to measure work engagement. This instrument is aimed at workers of Colombian labor organizations that belong to different economic sectors (commerce, services, education, and health). The instrument was designed based on the postulates of cognitive theory and is structured into three factors that operationalize the construct: (a) behavioral dimension (15 items), (b) affective dimension (16 items), and (c) cognitive dimension (14 items), for a total of 45 items. The results of the content evidence through expert judgment suggested the elimination of three items, due to ambiguity and lack of clarity, leaving the 42item test. After this evidence, the instrument was piloted in a sample of 460 participants. The item-test correlation analysis recommended the elimination of one item due to its low correlation with the factor. The evidence of internal structure through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) proposed a three-factor structure, with an explained variance of 63%; 9 items were eliminated due to high residual. The fit indicators showed a GFI = .99; and those of residual showed a RMSR =.03 and Kelley = .04; each factor obtained an ordinal Cronbach's Alpha of .95 (behavioral), .97 (affective), and .87 (cognitive). These results indicate precision in the measurement and consistency of the items to measure each of the factors.

El presente manuscrito muestra los resultados de la evidencia de contenido y estructura interna obtenidas de un instrumento para medir work engagement. Este instrumento está dirigido a trabajadores de organizaciones laborales colombianas que pertenecen a diferentes sectores económicos (comercio, servicios, educación y salud). El instrumento se diseñó basado en los postulados de la teoría cognitiva y se estructura en tres factores que operacionalizan el constructo: (a) dimensión conductual (15 ítems), (b) dimensión afectiva (16 ítems), y (c) dimensión cognitiva (14 ítems), para un total de 45 ítems.Los resultados de la evidencia de contenido a través del juicio de expertos sugirieron la eliminación de tres ítems, por presentar ambigüedad y poca claridad, quedando la prueba de 42 ítems. Posterior a esta evidencia, se piloteó el instrumento en una muestra de 460 participantes. El análisis de correlación ítem-test recomendó la eliminación de un ítem por presentar baja correlación con el factor. La evidencia de estructura interna a través del análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) propuso una estructura trifactorial, con una varianza explicada del 63%; se eliminaron 9 ítems por presentar alto residual. Los indicadores de ajuste mostraron un GFI = .99; y los de residual un RMSR = .03 y Kelley = .04; cada factor obtuvo un Alfa de Cronbach ordinal de .95 (conductual), .97 (emocional) y .87 (cognitivo). Estos resultados indican precisión en la medida y consistencia de los ítems para medir cada uno de los factores.

Insecticide resistance levels and associated mechanisms in three Aedes aegypti populations from Venezuela.

BACKGROUND: The massive use of insecticides in public health has exerted selective pressure resulting in the development of resistance in Aedes aegypti to different insecticides in Venezuela. Between 2010 and 2020, the only insecticides available for vector control were the organophosphates (Ops) fenitrothion and temephos which were focally applied. OBJECTIVES: To determine the state of insecticide resistance and to identify the possible biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in three populations of Ae. aegypti from Venezuela. METHODS: CDC bottle bioassays were conducted on Ae. aegypti collected between October 2019 and February 2020 in two hyperendemic localities for dengue in Aragua State and in a malaria endemic area in Bolívar State. Insecticide resistance mechanisms were studied using biochemical assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect kdr mutations. FINDINGS: Bioassays showed contrasting results among populations; Las Brisas was resistant to malathion, permethrin and deltamethrin, Urbanización 19 de Abril was resistant to permethrin and Nacupay to malathion. All populations showed significantly higher activity of mixed function oxidases and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) in comparison with the susceptible strain. The kdr mutations V410L, F1534C, and V1016I were detected in all populations, with F1534C at higher frequencies. MAIN CONCLUSION: Insecticide resistance persists in three Ae. aegypti populations from Venezuela even in the relative absence of insecticide application.

Sobrecarga del cuidador de personas en diálisis y el significado de participar en un grupo de apoyo: estudio con metodología mixta / Caregiver burden of individuals on dialysis and the meaning of participating in a support group: a mixed-methods study

Introducción: El cuidador de la persona en diálisis requiere intervenciones específicas orientadas al cuidado de sí mismo. La intervención grupo de apoyo es una estrategia construida conjuntamente con personas que se enfrentan a los mismos problemas para compartir sus experiencias y brindarse apoyo mutuo a través de acciones planificadas. Objetivo: Caracterizar el cuidador de personas en diálisis, su sobrecarga y comprender los significados construidos por su participación en un grupo de apoyo.Materiales y Método: estudio de diseño mixto, descriptivo, participaron 68 cuidadores. La fase cuantitativa se realizó mediante los instrumentos: Ficha de caracterización de la díada persona con Enfermedad Crónica No Transmisible– cuidador familiar y La Escala de sobrecarga de Zarit; y la fase cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico, se realizaron 8 entrevistas en profundidad.Resultados: La mayoría de cuidadores eran mujeres, con edad promedio de 49,4±13,5 años. Un alto porcentaje con bajo ni-vel socioeconómico y de escolaridad, su principal ocupación era el hogar. La mayoría estaba casada y profesaba la religión católica, llevaban 14 meses o más cuidando, sin experiencia previa y contaban con algún tipo de apoyo para realizar su tarea. Se identificó en ellos algún grado de sobrecarga. En el análisis de las entrevistas los temas emergentes fueron: aprenderse en el cuidado; encontrarse con comprensión y so-lidaridad; apoyarse en las necesidades; compartirse la dureza del cuidado; acompañarse en la espiritualidad; reorganizarse para seguir cuidando. Conclusiones: Los cuidadores viven en contextos que au-mentan la vulnerabilidad, para ellos el grupo de apoyo fue un espacio de soporte social, fuente de bienestar, acompaña-miento y apoyo desde el cuidado enfermero.(AU)

Introduction: The caregiver of a person on dialysis requires specific interventions aimed at self-care. Support group intervention is a strategy built in collaboration with ndividuals facing similar issues to share experiences and provide mutual support through planned actions.Objective: To characterize caregivers of individuals on dialysis, understand their burden, and comprehend the meanings constructed through their participation in a support group.Materials and Method: A mixed-methods descriptive study involving 68 caregivers was conducted. The quantitative phase utilized the instrument “Characterization Form of the Non-Communicable Chronic Disease-Patient Caregiver Dyad,” while the qualitative phase employed a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, consisting of 8 in-depth interviews.Results: The majority of caregivers were women, with an average age of 49.4±13.5 years. A high percentage had low socioeconomic status and education levels, with their main occupation being homemaking. Most were married and practiced the Catholic religion, had been providing care for 14 months or more, had no previous caregiving experience, and received some form of support to carry out their tasks. Some degree of burden was identified among them. The analysis of the interviews revealed emerging themes: learning through caregiving, finding understanding and solidarity, supporting each other’s needs, sharing the hardships of caregiving, accompanying each other in spirituality, and reorganizing to continue caregiving.Conclusions: Caregivers live in contexts that increase vulnerability, and for them, the support group provided a space for social support, well-being, accompaniment, and support from nursing care.(AU)

Caracterización de los registros de atención en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud mental en Bogotá, 2001-2017 / Characteristics of care delivery records in a mental health service providerinstitution in Bogota, 2001-2017 / Caracterização dos registros de atendimento em uma instituição prestadora deserviços de saúde mental em Bogotá, 2001-2017

Introducción:el abordaje integral de la salud mental es uno de los retos del país en salud pública, dado que la población colombiana ha presentado un deterioro en ese aspectoen los últimos veinte años de acuerdo con el documentoCONPES 3992del2020.Objetivo:Caracterizar los registros individuales de prestación de servicios en atención desalud mental en unainstitución prestadora de servicios enBogotá,Colombia, entre el 2001 y el2017. Métodos:estudio descriptivo trasversal. Se usaron los registros individuales de prestación de servicios como fuente de informacióny se tuvo en cuentaclasificación internacional de enfermedades (CIE-10) Entotal de registros RIPS en salud mental, por equipo interdisciplinario: médico general, médico psiquiatra, enfermería, psicología, trabajo social y terapia ocupacional. Resultados:se analizaron 2.360.295 registros individuales de prestación de servicios en salud mental de la institución seleccionada. Según los registros,el promedio de edad de las personas atendidas era de 47 añosypredominó el sexo femenino con el 52,5%. Los servicios utilizados fueronhospitalización (49,82%), consulta externa (43,42%), urgencias (4,54%)y hospital de día (0,39%). Elmayor número de registros (64,47%) se presentó en el grupo entre los 18 y 59 años de edad; seguido del grupo de 60 años o más (28,50%)y de menores de 18 años (7,03%). Los grupos de diagnóstico principales fueron trastorno psicótico con el 33,38%,depresióncon el 15,39%y ansiedad con el 13,71%. Conclusiones:Son las mujeres quienes más utilizan el servicio (52.5%). Es la hospitalización el servicio más utilizado (49.82%). Son los adultos entre 18 y 59 años quienes más utilizan los servicios (64.47%). Se observa un progresivo incremento en el número de atenciones. Los trastornos mentales severos esquizofrenia y bipolar son los másatendidos (33.38%) seguidos de trastornos de depresión y ansiedad (29%). Las enfermedades medicas generales se presentaron en el (10.95%)de las atenciones.

Introduction: The comprehensive approach to mental health is one of the country's public health challenges, as the Colombian population has deteriorated in this area over the past twenty years, according to the CONPES Document 3992, 2020. Objective:To characterize the individual mental health service delivery records at a service provider institution in Bogota, Colombia, between 2001 and 2017. Methods:Descriptive cross-sectional study. Individual service delivery records were used as a source of information, and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) was considered. Total mental health RIPS by interdisciplinary team: general practitioner, psychiatrist, nurse, psychologist, social worker, and occupational therapist. Results:A total of 2,360,295 individualmental health service delivery records from the selected institution were analyzed. According to the records, the average age of the patients was 47 years, and females predominated with 52.5% of the patients. Inpatient (49.82%), outpatient (43.42%), emergency room (4.54%), and day hospital (0.39%) services were used. The highest number of records (64.47 %) were found among the 18-59 years age group, followed by the 60+ year age group (28.50 %) and those under 18 years of age (7.03 %). The main diagnostic groups were psychotic disorder (33.38%), depression (15.39%), and anxiety (13.71%). Conclusions:Women are the main users of the service (52.5%). Hospitalization is the service most frequently used (49.82%). Adults between the ages of 18 and 59 use the services the most (64.47%). There has been a progressive increase in the number of attendances. Severe schizophrenia and bipolar mental disorders are the most treated (33.38%), followed by depression and anxiety (29%). General medical conditions were present in 10.95% of attendances

Introdução:a abordagem integral da saúde mental é um dos desafios do país em saúde pública, visto que a população colombiana tem apresentadouma deterioração neste aspecto nos últimos vinte anos de acordo com o documento Conpes 3992de 2020. Objetivo:Caracterizar os registros individuais de prestação de serviços em saúde mental em uma instituição prestadora de serviços em Bogotá, Colômbia, entre 2001 e 2017. Métodos:estudo descritivo transversal. Usaram-se os registros individuais de prestação de serviços como fonte de informação e considerou-sea classificação internacional de doenças (CID-10). No total de registros RIPS em saúde mental, por equipe interdisciplinar: clínico geral, psiquiatra, enfermagem, psicologia, serviço social e terapia ocupacional. Resultados:Foram analisados 2.360.295 prontuários individuais de prestação de serviço de saúde mental da instituição selecionada. De acordo com os registros, a média de idade das pessoas atendidas foi de 47 anos e o sexo feminino predominou com 52,5%. Os serviços utilizados foram internação (49,82%), ambulatorial (43,42%), emergência (4,54%) e hospital-dia (0,39%). O maior número de registros (64,47%) foi apresentado no grupo entre 18 e 59 anos; seguido pelo grupo de 60 anos ou mais (28,50%) e os menores de 18 anos(7,03%). Os principais grupos diagnósticos foram transtorno psicótico com 33,38%, depressão com 15,39% e ansiedade com 13,71%. Conclusões:As mulheres são as que mais utilizam o serviço (52,5%). A internação é o serviço mais utilizado (49,82%). Os adultosentre 18 e 59 anos são os que mais utilizam os serviços (64,47%). Observa-se um aumento progressivo no número de atenções. Os transtornos mentais graves esquizofrenia e bipolaridadesão os mais atendidos (33,38%) seguidos de depressão e transtornos de ansiedade (29%). Doenças médicas gerais estiveram presentes em (10,95%) dos atendimentos

Taxonomic identification accuracy from BOLD and GenBank databases using over a thousand insect DNA barcodes from Colombia.

Recent declines of insect populations at high rates have resulted in the need to develop a quick method to determine their diversity and to process massive data for the identification of species of highly diverse groups. A short sequence of DNA from COI is widely used for insect identification by comparing it against sequences of known species. Repositories of sequences are available online with tools that facilitate matching of the sequences of interest to a known individual. However, the performance of these tools can differ. Here we aim to assess the accuracy in identification of insect taxonomic categories from two repositories, BOLD Systems and GenBank. This was done by comparing the sequence matches between the taxonomist identification and the suggested identification from the platforms. We used 1,160 COI sequences representing eight orders of insects from Colombia. After the comparison, we reanalyzed the results from a representative subset of the data from the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera). Overall, BOLD systems outperformed GenBank, and the performance of both engines differed by orders and other taxonomic categories (species, genus and family). Higher rates of accurate identification were obtained at family and genus levels. The accuracy was higher in BOLD for the order Coleoptera at family level, for Coleoptera and Lepidoptera at genus and species level. Other orders performed similarly in both repositories. Moreover, the Scarabaeinae subset showed that species were correctly identified only when BOLD match percentage was above 93.4% and a total of 85% of the samples were correctly assigned to a taxonomic category. These results accentuate the great potential of the identification engines to place insects accurately into their respective taxonomic categories based on DNA barcodes and highlight the reliability of BOLD Systems for insect identification in the absence of a large reference database for a highly diverse country.

Insecticide resistance levels and associated mechanisms in three Aedes aegypti populations from Venezuela

BACKGROUND The massive use of insecticides in public health has exerted selective pressure resulting in the development of resistance in Aedes aegypti to different insecticides in Venezuela. Between 2010 and 2020, the only insecticides available for vector control were the organophosphates (Ops) fenitrothion and temephos which were focally applied. OBJECTIVES To determine the state of insecticide resistance and to identify the possible biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in three populations of Ae. aegypti from Venezuela. METHODS CDC bottle bioassays were conducted on Ae. aegypti collected between October 2019 and February 2020 in two hyperendemic localities for dengue in Aragua State and in a malaria endemic area in Bolívar State. Insecticide resistance mechanisms were studied using biochemical assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect kdr mutations. FINDINGS Bioassays showed contrasting results among populations; Las Brisas was resistant to malathion, permethrin and deltamethrin, Urbanización 19 de Abril was resistant to permethrin and Nacupay to malathion. All populations showed significantly higher activity of mixed function oxidases and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) in comparison with the susceptible strain. The kdr mutations V410L, F1534C, and V1016I were detected in all populations, with F1534C at higher frequencies. MAIN CONCLUSION Insecticide resistance persists in three Ae. aegypti populations from Venezuela even in the relative absence of insecticide application.

Homecare skills and overburden of caregivers of hospitalized chronic patients / Competência de cuidado e sobrecarga do cuidador da pessoa com doença crônica hospitalizada / Competencia del cuidar y sobrecarga del cuidador de la persona con enfermedad crónica hospitalizada

Objective: To describe care competence and its association with overburden of caregivers of patients with chronic diseases. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample. Three instruments were used for data collection: the GCPC-UN instrument for caregiver-patient characterization, the Homecare Skills Questionnaire (CUIDAR, as per its name in Spanish), and the Zarit Burden Interview. Participants in this study were 102 caregivers of people hospitalized in a health institution who met the inclusion criteria. Results: Caregivers were mainly women, had a low level of education, high burden (56.8%), and high level of care competence (68.6%). A statistically significant correlation was found between overburden and overall scores on the CUIDAR instrument, as well as with the following categories: knowledge, uniqueness and anticipation. Conclusion: Homecare competence is associated with overburden of caregivers of people with CNCDs. Therefore, nursing teams have to identify the needs of caregivers and take action so as to contribute to seamless transitions to patients' homes.

Habitantes de calle y el significado de pertenecer a un grupo de apoyo / Homeless people and the meaning of belonging to a support group

Objetivo principal: comprender los significados de la experiencia de pertenecer a un grupo de apoyo para los habitantes de calle en una ciudad del sur de Colombia. Metodología: estudio cualitativo de diseño fenomenológico-hermenéutico. La información fue recolectada durante el año 2022 mediante entrevistas a profundidad, para comprender los significados de la experiencia. Previa firma del consentimiento informado, se realizó un muestreo casual orientado por criterio. Resultados principales: los temas emergentes del análisis de los datos fueron los siguientes: la experiencia de vida en calle: dolor y pérdidas, buscar estar mejor: decisión de cambio, recuperar la vida: renacer, soporte y seguimiento: herramientas de superación. Conclusión principal: el significado para los habitantes de calle de pertenecer a un grupo de apoyo fue expresado como una experiencia que aportó a su bienestar, proporcionó un sólido soporte social, les ayudó a recuperar y mejorar la calidad de vida y al proceso de socialización.(AU)

Objective: Understand the meanings of the experience of belonging to a support group for the Homeless people in a city in southern Colombia. Methods: Qualitative study of phenomenological-hermeneutic design, the information was collected through in-depth interviews to understand the meanings of the experience, after signing the informed consent during the year 2022, a casual sampling oriented by criteria was carried out. Results: The emerging themes of the data analysis were the following: the experience of life on the street: pain and losses, seeking to be better: decision to change, recovering life: rebirth, support, and follow-up: tools for improvement. Main conclusion: The meaning for homeless people of belonging to a support group was expressed as an experience that contributed to their well-being, provided solid social support, helped them recover and improve their quality of life and the socialization process.(AU)

Characteristics and experiences of family caregivers in the mental health setting. / Características y experiencias de los cuidadores familiares en el contexto de la salud mental.

OBJECTIVE.: To describe the characteristics and experiences of family caregivers of persons with mental disorders in a highly complex institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Mixed method, explanatory study, with an initial quantitative and then qualitative sequence. The quantitative phase was carried out using validated instruments: characterization sheet of the person with chronic illness-family caregiver dyad; the Nkongho Caregiving Ability Inventory (CAI), and the Zarit burden scale. The qualitative phase was conducted with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach; the information was collected through in-depth interviews to understand the needs of the caregivers. RESULTS.: The caregivers were mostly women, mainly mothers and daughters, home-occupied and self-employed, with basic primary education, low socioeconomic level and low caregiving skill level; a significant number of caregivers perceived some degree of overload. The themes identified in the analysis of the interviews were: feeling fear before the disease; the experience of caregiver fatigue; losing one's job: another cost of the disease; fear of delegating care; love: a support for the caregiver; needing support to care. CONCLUSIONS.: The caregiver experiences a complex situation associated with the high demand for care, and conditions under which mental health impairment progresses.

OBJETIVO.: Describir las características y experiencias de los cuidadores familiares de personas con trastorno mental, atendidos en una institución de alta complejidad. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Estudio de método mixto, explicativo, con una secuencia inicial cuantitativa y luego cualitativa. La fase cuantitativa se realizó mediante instrumentos validados: ficha de caracterización de la díada persona con enfermedad crónica-cuidador familiar; el inventario de habilidad de cuidado (CAI) de Nkongho, y la escala de sobrecarga de Zarit. La fase cualitativa se realizó con un enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico, la información se recolectó mediante entrevistas en profundidad para comprender las necesidades de los cuidadores. RESULTADOS.: Los cuidadores fueron, en su mayoría, mujeres, principalmente madres e hijas, con educación básica primaria, ocupación hogar y dedicados al trabajo independiente, nivel socioeconómico bajo, nivel de habilidad de cuidado bajo y un importante número de cuidadores perciben algún grado de sobrecarga. Los temas identificados en el análisis de las entrevistas fueron: sintiendo miedo ante la enfermedad; la experiencia del cansancio del cuidador; perder el trabajo: otro costo de la enfermedad; el temor de delegar el cuidado; el amor: un soporte para el cuidador; necesitando apoyo para cuidar. CONCLUSIONES.: El cuidador experimenta una situación compleja asociada con la gran demanda de cuidados, y condiciones en que progresa la alteración de la salud mental.

Estrategias de prosocialidad en jóvenes desvinculados del conflicto armado en Colombia / Strategies of Prosociality in Young People Disengaged from the Armed Conflict in Colombia

Resumen Este trabajo tiene el propósito de establecer las estrategias de prosocialidad de jóvenes desvinculados del conflicto armado colombiano, como un aporte a la comprensión del perfil psicológico de esta población para la implementación de procesos de intervención efectivos que permitan su reincorporación y adapta ción a la vida civil. Se encontró que, las variables que conforman la prosocialidad, la sensibilidad social, la conformidad de lo socialmente correcto y las dificulta des sociales, presentan relaciones importantes tanto positivas como negativas. Se confirma la hipótesis alterna que mostraba la existencia de relaciones direc tas entre la competencia social y el comportamiento prosocial relativo a lo que es socialmente correcto.

Abstract The purpose of this work is to establish the prosociality strategies of young peo ple disengaged from the Colombian armed conflict, as a contribution to the un derstanding of the psychological profile of this population for the implementa tion of effective intervention processes, which allow their reincorporation and adaptation to civilian life. It was found that the variables, which make up proso ciality, social sensitivity, conformity to social correctness and social difficulties, present important positive and negative relationships. The alternative hypo thesis showing the existence of direct relationships between social competence and prosocial behavior related to what is socially correct is confirmed.

Características y experiencias de los cuidadores familiares en el contexto de la salud mental / Characteristics and experiences of family caregivers in the mental health setting

RESUMEN Objetivo. Describir las características y experiencias de los cuidadores familiares de personas con trastorno mental, atendidos en una institución de alta complejidad. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de método mixto, explicativo, con una secuencia inicial cuantitativa y luego cualitativa. La fase cuantitativa se realizó mediante instrumentos validados: ficha de caracterización de la díada persona con enfermedad crónica-cuidador familiar; el inventario de habilidad de cuidado (CAI) de Nkongho, y la escala de sobrecarga de Zarit. La fase cualitativa se realizó con un enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico, la información se recolectó mediante entrevistas en profundidad para comprender las necesidades de los cuidadores. Resultados. Los cuidadores fueron, en su mayoría, mujeres, principalmente madres e hijas, con educación básica primaria, ocupación hogar y dedicados al trabajo independiente, nivel socioeconómico bajo, nivel de habilidad de cuidado bajo y un importante número de cuidadores perciben algún grado de sobrecarga. Los temas identificados en el análisis de las entrevistas fueron: sintiendo miedo ante la enfermedad; la experiencia del cansancio del cuidador; perder el trabajo: otro costo de la enfermedad; el temor de delegar el cuidado; el amor: un soporte para el cuidador; necesitando apoyo para cuidar. Conclusiones. El cuidador experimenta una situación compleja asociada con la gran demanda de cuidados, y condiciones en que progresa la alteración de la salud mental.

ABSTRACT Objective. To describe the characteristics and experiences of family caregivers of persons with mental disorders in a highly complex institution. Materials and methods. Mixed method, explanatory study, with an initial quantitative and then qualitative sequence. The quantitative phase was carried out using validated instruments: characterization sheet of the person with chronic illness-family caregiver dyad; the Nkongho Caregiving Ability Inventory (CAI), and the Zarit burden scale. The qualitative phase was conducted with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach; the information was collected through in-depth interviews to understand the needs of the caregivers. Results. The caregivers were mostly women, mainly mothers and daughters, home-occupied and self-employed, with basic primary education, low socioeconomic level and low caregiving skill level; a significant number of caregivers perceived some degree of overload. The themes identified in the analysis of the interviews were: feeling fear before the disease; the experience of caregiver fatigue; losing one's job: another cost of the disease; fear of delegating care; love: a support for the caregiver; needing support to care. Conclusions. The caregiver experiences a complex situation associated with the high demand for care, and conditions under which mental health impairment progresses.

Relación entre funciones ejecutivas y la competencia social, en menores que se desvinculan del conflicto armado en Colombia / Relationship between executive functions and social competence, in minors who disassociate themselves from the armed conflict in Colombia

Resumen. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar el perfil del funcionamiento ejecutivo (Dorsal y orbital) y el tipo de relación con la competencia social que tiene que ver con lo que es socialmente correcto, en una población de menores que se desvinculan del conflicto armado en Colombia. El alcance de la propuesta fue descriptivo-correlacional. El diseno cuasi experimental, de orden longitudinal para la recolección de los datos relacionados con la evaluación neuropsicológica y la evaluación de la competencia social. De carácter cuantitativo, se evaluaron las variables a través de instrumentos estandarizados y sus puntuaciones son de tipo numérico. Se encontró un coeficiente de correlación mùltiple de R=0.759, entre las FE, y la criterio (competencia social) por lo tanto el 57.6% de la variabilidad de lo que se considera Socialmente Correcto, puede explicarse por las variables predictoras contempladas en el modelo. El ajuste del modelo puede considerarse alto. Así mismo, el valor de significancia permite comprobar que la regresión entre las variables independientes y la variable dependiente es significativa. Con ello se rechaza la hipótesis nula (p=0,001). Y se acepta la existencia de relaciones directas/inversas entre el funcionamiento ejecutivo y la competencia social que hace referencia a lo que es socialmente correcto.

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to establish the relationship between the profile of executive functioning and social competence that has to do with what is socially correct, in a population of 70 minors who disassociate themselves from the armed conflict in Colombia. The scope of the proposal was descriptive-correlational. The design we used was quasi-experimental, longitudinal in order to collect the data related to the neuropsychological evaluation and the evaluation of social competence. It is quantitative in nature; the variables were evaluated through standardized and valid instruments. We find positive and negative relationships between executive functions and social competence; that is, the alternative hypothesis of the research is accepted, in which we propose the existence of direct relationships between executive functioning and social competence.

Correlation between the analysis of the dentoalveolar square and the photometric clinical diagnosis of smile.

AIM: Increased vertical growth of the maxilla is a condition that affects a large part of the population. The condition reveals a skeletal alteration of the cranio-masticatory system. One of the effects generated by the excessive vertical growth of the maxilla is a gingival smile pattern that can affect esthetic patterns as well as alter the masticatory biomechanics, which is a primary etiologic factor in temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Contemporary imaging aids help to optimize diagnostic analysis; perform treatment; and make an evaluation before, during, and after treatment. The present study aims to compare the clinical diagnosis of gingival smile with the dimensions of the dentoalveolar square, digitally calculated in the panoramic projection of the CBCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a sample of 37 patients, an analysis was performed of the correlation between the dimensions of the dentoalveolar square of the Tatis panoramic cephalometry and the clinical photometry, applying the Tjan gingival smile analysis. RESULTS: The results show that there is high correlation and agreement between the cephalometric measurement method of the dentoalveolar square and Tjan's photometric measurement method. Both methods can be used to classify the smile type as high, medium or low. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the dentoalveolar square of the panoramic cephalometry provides an accurate diagnosis of the anterior vertical dimension of the maxilla as it relates to the clinical diagnosis of smile.

Competência do cuidar e seu impacto na qualidade de vida de cuidadores / Competencias del cuidar y su impacto en la calidad de vida de cuidadores / Care competence and its impact on the quality of life of caregivers

Resumo Objetivo Descrever a relação entre a competência do cuidar e a qualidade de vida do cuidador familiar da pessoa hospitalizada com doença crônica. Métodos Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, de correlação e corte transversal. Foi utilizada uma amostragem por conveniência. Participaram 102 cuidadores de pessoas hospitalizadas em uma instituição de saúde. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados três instrumentos: ficha de caracterização do par cuidador-pessoa com doença crônica, qualidade de vida do cuidador informal e competência para o cuidado no lar. Resultados Houve predomínio de cuidadores do sexo feminino (74,5%), percepção negativa do bem-estar social e espiritual e percepção positiva do bem-estar psicológico e físico. Foi encontrada uma correlação entre o bem-estar psicológico e o espiritual. As dimensões do instrumento competência para o cuidado no lar se correlacionaram com o bem-estar psicológico, social e espiritual da qualidade de vida, mas não se correlacionaram com o bem-estar físico. Conclusão Este estudo mostra que a feminização dos cuidadores persiste, assim como a dedicação por longos períodos de tempo ao cuidado da pessoa enferma, afetando o bem-estar social e espiritual da qualidade de vida. Nesse cenário, é importante manter altos escores nas diferentes dimensões do instrumento competência para o cuidado no lar para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos cuidadores e prevenir a sobrecarga.

Resumen Objetivo Describir la relación entre las competencias del cuidar y la calidad de vida del cuidador familiar de la persona hospitalizada con enfermedad crónica. Métodos Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de correlación y corte transversal. Se utilizó un muestreo por conveniencia. Participaron 102 cuidadores de personas hospitalizadas en una institución de salud. Para la recopilación de datos se utilizaron tres instrumentos: ficha de caracterización del par cuidador y persona con enfermedad crónica, calidad de vida del cuidador informal y competencias para el cuidado en el hogar. Resultados Hubo predominio de cuidadores de sexo femenino (74,5 %), percepción negativa del bienestar social y espiritual y percepción positiva del bienestar psicológico y físico. Se observó una correlación entre el bienestar psicológico y espiritual. Las dimensiones del instrumento de competencias para el cuidado en el hogar se correlacionaron con el bienestar psicológico, social y espiritual de la calidad de vida, pero no se correlacionaron con el bienestar físico. Conclusión Este estudio muestra que la feminización de los cuidadores persiste, así como la dedicación al cuidado de la persona enferma por períodos prolongados de tiempo, lo que afecta el bienestar social y espiritual de la calidad de vida. Ante este contexto, es importante mantener una puntuación alta en las diferentes dimensiones del instrumento de competencias para el cuidado en el hogar para mejorar la calidad de vida de los cuidadores y prevenir la sobrecarga.

Abstract Objective To describe the relationship between the quality of life of caregivers and their competence of caring for a person hospitalized with a chronic condition. Methods Quantitative, descriptive, correlation and cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample. Participants of this study were 102 caregivers of people hospitalized in a health institution, located in Neiva, Huila, Colombia. Three instruments were used for data collection: Caregiver-patient characterization survey, Caregiver's quality of life, and Homecare competency. Results Caregivers were mainly women (74.5%), with a negative perception of social and spiritual well-being, and a positive perception of psychological and physical well-being. A correlation was found between psychological and spiritual well-being. The dimensions of the Homecare competency instrument were related to the psychological, social, and spiritual well-being of quality of life, but they were not related to physical well-being. Conclusion This study shows that the feminization of caregivers persists, along with the dedication for long periods of time to the care of the sick person, thus affecting the social and spiritual well-being of quality of life. In face of this scenario, it is important to keep high scores in the different dimensions of the Homecare competency instrument to improve the quality of life of caregivers and prevent overload.

Sífilis congénita atípica con doble VDRL negativo materno. Reporte de un caso / Atypical congenital syphilis with a double negative VDRL from the mother. A case report

Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN: La sífilis es una infección de trasmisión sexual adquirida a través de una trasfusión sanguínea, por contacto directo con una lesión activa o por vía vertical. La infección puede trasmitirse al feto en cualquier momento del embarazo. Cada año se registran en el mundo 749,000 casos de sífilis congénita. En México, del 2007 al 2017, se reportaron 1030 casos de sífilis congénita (media de 90.6 casos por año). En 50 a 80% de los casos hay complicaciones materno-fetales. OBJETIVO: Reportar un caso clínico de sífilis congénita temprana, con pénfigo bulloso y descamación al nacimiento. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 25 años, con antecedente de cuatro embarazos, dos partos y un aborto, previamente sana, con control prenatal y pruebas de VDRL y VIH negativas. Los dos últimos embarazos finalizaron con recién nacido, ambos de sexo femenino, con lesiones ampollosas decapitadas, placas blanquecinas de aspecto áspero elevadas sobre una base eritematosa, eritema con descamación gruesa en las manos y pies, y descamación fina generalizada. Ante la sospecha de sífilis congénita se inició la administración de 50,000 UI/kg de penicilina G cristalina por vía intravenosa cada 12 h. La sospecha de sífilis congénita se confirmó. La paciente se dio de alta con citas de seguimiento en la consulta externa. CONCLUSIONES: El control prenatal adecuado, con una o dos pruebas para sífilis, no es suficiente para prevenir la forma congénita. Es necesario el análisis de los casos para encontrar opciones e implementar estrategias de salud pública que prevengan nuevos casos.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection acquired through blood transfusion, by direct contact with an active lesion or by the vertical route. The infection can be transmitted to the fetus at any time during pregnancy. Each year, 749,000 cases of congenital syphilis are reported worldwide. In Mexico, from 2007 to 2017, 1030 cases of congenital syphilis were reported (average of 90.6 cases per year). In 50 to 80% of cases there are maternal-fetal complications. OBJECTIVE: To report a clinical case of early congenital syphilis with bullous pemphigus and desquamation at birth. CLINICAL CASE: 25-year-old patient, with a history of four pregnancies, two deliveries and one abortion, previously healthy, with prenatal control and negative VDRL and HIV tests. The last two pregnancies ended with a newborn, both female, with decapitated blistering lesions, whitish plaques of rough appearance raised on an erythematous base, erythema with thick desquamation on the hands and feet, and generalized fine desquamation. Suspecting congenital syphilis, 50,000 IU/kg of crystalline penicillin G intravenously every 12 h was started. The suspicion of congenital syphilis was confirmed. The patient was discharged with follow-up outpatient appointments. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate prenatal screening, with one or two tests for syphilis, is not sufficient to prevent the congenital form. Case analysis is necessary to find options and implement public health strategies to prevent new cases.