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RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo de evolución desfavorable (ED) en niños con insuficiencia mitral (IM) sometidos a plástica mitral (PM). Métodos: Se analizaron pacientes con IM sometidos a PM entre los años 2004 y 2014. Se definió ED como la reoperación o la IM significativa (3+, moderada a grave, o 4+, grave) durante el seguimiento. Las variables se expresaron como mediana. Se realizó el análisis univariado y el de regresión logística multivariado de los factores predictores de ED. Resultados: Se sometieron a PM 65 pacientes con IM 3+ e IM 4+. La etiología incluyó displasia (44,6%), endocarditis infecciosa (13,8%), fiebre reumática (18,4%), anomalía coronaria (7,7%) y otras (13,8%). La mediana del tiempo de seguimiento fue 26,5 meses (52 pacientes se encuentran aún en seguimiento). El 44,6% presentó disfunción ventricular y el 46,1% hipertensión pulmonar. La cantidad de pacientes con ED fue de 15: 9 fueron reoperados (7 reemplazos valvulares y 2 replástica). El análisis univariado demostró asociación significativa entre ED y las siguientes condiciones: fiebre reumática (p = 0,005), anillo mitral preoperatorio ≥+5 DS (p = 0,002), diámetro sistólico del ventrículo izquierdo (DSVI) ≥ +4 DS (p = 0,022), hipertensión pulmonar (p = 0,024) e IM residual posoperatoria inmediata ≥ moderada (p = 0,021). El análisis multivariado demostró como variables independientes de ED el diámetro del anillo mitral (p = 0,012), la fiebre reumática (p = 0,026) y la IM residual temprana (p = 0,042). No se produjo mortalidad. Conclusiones: La plástica mitral en niños con IM grave demostró resultados favorables a mediano plazo. La fiebre reumática, el diámetro del anillo mitral ≥ +5 DS y la IM residual ≥ 2+ fueron factores predictores de ED. No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas durante el seguimiento en relación con la edad ni con la presencia de disfunción ventricular.
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors of unfavorable outcome (UO) in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) undergoing mitral valve repair (MVR). Methods: Patients with MR who had undergone MVR from 2004 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Unfavorable outcome was defined as reoperation or significant MR [moderate to severe (3+) or severe MR (4+)] during follow-up. Variables were expressed as median. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors of UO. Results: Sixty five patients with MR3+ and MR4+ underwent MVR. Etiology was dysplasia in 44.6% of cases, infective endocarditis in 13.8%, rheumatic fever in 18.4%, abnormal coronary origin in 7.7% and other disorders in 13.8%. Median follow-up time was 26.5 months (52 patients are still being followed-up).Ventricular dysfunction was documented in 44.6% of cases and 46.1% had pulmonary hypertension. Fifteen patients presented UO and 9 were reoperated (7 valve replacements and 2 re-repairs). Univariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between UO and the following conditions: rheumatic fever (p=0.005), preoperative mitral annulus ≥+5 SD (p=0.002), left ventricular end-systolic diameter ≥+4 SD (p=0.022), pulmonary hypertension (p=0.024) and immediate postoperative residual MR ≥ moderate (p=0.021). Multivariate analysis demonstrated mitral annulus diameter (p=0.012), rheumatic fever (p=0.026) and early residual MR (p=0.042) as independent variables of UO. No deaths occurred in this series. Conclusions: Mitral valve repair in children with severe MR demonstrated mid-term favourable results. Rheumatic fever, mitral annulus diameter ≥+5 SD and immediate postoperative residual MR ≥2+ were predictive factors of UO. Neither age at surgery nor ventricular dysfunction showed statistically significant differences during follow-up.
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UNLABELLED: Background. Nutritional deficiencies may aggravate the course of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Our aim has been to perform a comprehensive analysis of body composition and nutritional deficiencies in CHC patients in non-cirrhotic and compensated cirrhotic stages to correlate the detected deficiencies with the fibrosis stage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Body multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and a wide and simultaneous analytical profile were prospectively performed in 74 CHC patients (36 male) with known METAVIR fibrosis stage established with liver biopsy or transient elastography. Results were analyzed to identify deviations from the normal range and variations according to the fibrosis stage. RESULTS: Body fat compartment was greater in women. Body composition did not change among the 4 stages of liver fibrosis. Low levels (< 30 µg/L) of vitamin D were detected in 74.3% of patients irrespective of the fibrosis stage. Most analytical results remained into the normal range with the exceptions of thrombocytopenia and vitamin A deficiency, that were limited to the stage 4 of fibrosis, and low Zn and LDL-cholesterol values, that were frequently found in patients with advanced (F3 and F4) fibrosis stage. CONCLUSION: Body composition and most biochemical parameters, including cyanocobalamin, folic acid and vitamin E, are well preserved in compensated patients with CHC, with the exception of generalized vitamin D insufficiency and of deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc that are restricted to the more advanced, although still compensated, stages of the disease.