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1.
J Craniofac Surg ; 34(6): 1699-1704, 2023 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37477605

RESUMEN

To assess whether 3-dimensional (3D) volumetrics can be used to track and evaluate postoperative course of patients treated with endoscopic suturectomy for nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis, we compared changes in 2-dimensional (2D) measurements along with 3D volumetric correlates throughout the period of helmet therapy. Forty-six patients treated at our institution with endoscopic suturectomy for sagittal synostosis were retrospectively reviewed. Head circumference (HC), cephalic index (CI), and total cranial volumes (TCVs) were measured at 3 timepoints following surgery using optical surface scans obtained for helmet orthotics. All measurements showed significant differences between timepoints on the analysis of variance ( P <0.001). There was a significant correlation between CI and TCV (r=0.35, P =0.004) and between HC and TCV (r=0.81, P <0.001). The normalized rate of change over the course of treatment was significantly higher for TCV (36.7%) than for CI (8.8%) and HC (8.4%, P <0.001), with no difference between HC and CI. The authors conclude that 3D metrics were able to reliably follow the course of postoperative 2D metrics. There was a direct and linear correlation between HC and CI with TCV. Total cranial volumes showed the highest rate of sustained change at every timepoint. Although CI and HC plateau after the first measurement, TCV continues to adapt over the course of treatment. These results demonstrate the feasibility and value of volumetrics from 3D imaging to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of postoperative surgical outcomes than traditional 2D metrics without the ionizing radiation traditionally utilized for CT to obtain 3D metrics.


Asunto(s)
Benchmarking , Craneosinostosis , Humanos , Lactante , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Craneosinostosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Craneosinostosis/cirugía , Craneosinostosis/etiología , Cráneo/cirugía , Craneotomía/métodos
2.
Neurosurg Focus ; 54(3): E10, 2023 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36857783

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Syringomyelia (syrinx) associated with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) is commonly managed with posterior fossa decompression, which can lead to resolution in most cases. A persistent syrinx postdecompression is therefore uncommon and challenging to address. In the setting of radiographically adequate decompression with persistent syrinx, the authors prefer placing fourth ventricular subarachnoid stents that span the craniocervical junction particularly when intraoperative observation reveals arachnoid plane scarring. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a fourth ventricle stent for CM-I-associated persistent syringomyelia, assess dynamic changes in syrinx dimensions, and report stent-reduction durability, clinical outcomes, and procedure-associated complications. METHODS: The authors performed a single-institution, retrospective review of patients who underwent fourth ventricular subarachnoid stent placement for persistent CM-I-associated syringomyelia following a prior posterior fossa decompression. The authors' institutional Chiari database contains 600 cases with 149 decompressions for CM-I-associated syringomyelia, of which 13 met criteria for inclusion. Data on patient demographics, clinical presentation and outcomes, and MRI findings were collected. The maximal syrinx diameter was estimated by calculating the area of an elliptical cross-section in the largest axial plane from preoperative, immediately postoperative, and late postoperative T2-weighted MR images. RESULTS: All 13 patients experienced a significant decrease in mean syrinx area from the preoperative to the late postoperative MRI (mean syrinx diameter 114.1 ± 81.8 mm2 vs 24.5 ± 23.8 mm2, p < 0.001). The mean time until late postoperative MRI was 19.7 months (range 2.0-70.7 months). The syrinx area reduced on average by 75.0% ± 23.9% at the time of the last postoperative scan. Syrinx resolution was variable, with 4 patients (30.8%) achieving near-complete resolution (> 90%, grade III reduction), 7 patients (50%) having 50%-90% reduction (grade II), and 2 patients (14.3%) having < 50% decrease (grade I). One patient experienced catheter migration into the left brachium pontis with an associated cyst at the tip of the catheter that decreased in size on follow-up imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Placement of fourth ventricular subarachnoid stents spanning the craniocervical junction in patients with persistent CM-I-associated syringomyelia after posterior fossa decompression is a safe therapeutic option and significantly reduced the mean syrinx area, with a greater reductive effect seen over longer follow-up periods.


Asunto(s)
Malformación de Arnold-Chiari , Quistes , Siringomielia , Humanos , Cuarto Ventrículo , Catéteres
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(6): 264-266, 16 mar., 2017. ilus
Artículo en Español | IBECS | ID: ibc-161282

RESUMEN

Introducción. La presentación clínica de un espasmo hemifacial asociado a neuralgia trigeminal ipsilateral se conoce como tic convulsivo doloroso. La causa más común de esta patología es la compresión vascular de los nervios craneales V y complejo VII-VIII en la zona de entrada y salida de las raíces en el tronco del encéfalo, pero existen informes de diversas etiologías. Su tratamiento, aunque aún está en discusión, se basa en la descompresión microvascular quirúrgica. Caso clínico. Mujer de 63 años, con un cuadro de evolución de 14 años de neuralgia trigeminal, con predominio en distribución de la rama maxilar (V2) izquierda, asociado durante más de 10 años a espasmo hemifacial ipsilateral. Tras fallar el tratamiento médico, se sometió a cirugía por abordaje microasterional, y en un primer momento se realizó una disección de adherencias aracnoideas firmes rodeando complejos nerviosos. En un segundo tiempo quirúrgico se insertaron fragmentos de teflón en los sitios de entrada de los nervios V y complejo VII-VIII, y se logró una resolución completa de la sintomatología durante más de un año. Conclusión. La etiología del tic convulsivo doloroso en esta paciente fue aracnoiditis basal, lo cual la convierte en el único caso comunicado hasta el momento con dicha etiología (AU)


Introduction. The term ‘painful tic convulsive’ is used to describe the syndrome involving concomitant hemifacial spasm and ipsilateral trigeminal neuralgia. Vascular compression of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves is the most common cause, involving the entry and exit zone of rootlets coming from the brainstem; nevertheless, different etiologies of this syndrome has been previously reported. Treatment for this disease is based on surgical microvascular decompression of the nerve rootlets, but still a topic of debate. Case report. A 63-year-old woman with history of 14 years presenting left trigeminal neuralgia, associated with ipsilateral hemifacial spasm for more than ten years. Medical treatment was installed without adequate symptom control. Patient was subjected to surgical treatment via a microasterional approach, with dissection of arachnoid fibrous tissue surrounding fifth and seventh nerves during the first surgery. A second surgery was performed with insertion of a teflon fragment aside of each exit nerve root (V and VII-VIII complex). Symptoms resolved immediately after the surgery and has persisted during the 1-year follow-up. Painful tic convulsive etiology could be multifactorial. Conclusion. This report is the first clinical case describing basal arachnoiditis as a primary cause of painful tic convulsive (AU)


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Espasmo Hemifacial/complicaciones , Espasmo Hemifacial , Neuralgia del Trigémino/cirugía , Neuralgia del Trigémino/etiología , Aracnoiditis/complicaciones , Aracnoiditis , Hiperestesia/complicaciones
4.
Neuropharmacology ; 82: 88-100, 2014 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24291463

RESUMEN

L-Dopa is the major symptomatic therapy for Parkinson's disease, which commonly occurs in elderly patients. However, the effects of chronic use on mood and cognition in old subjects remain elusive. In order to compare the effects of a chronic pulsatile L-Dopa treatment on emotional and cognitive functions in young (3 months) and old (18 months) intact rats, an L-Dopa/carbidopa treatment was administered every 12 h over 4 weeks. Rats were assessed for behavioural despair (repeated forced swimming test, RFST), anhedonia (sucrose preference test, SPT) and spatial learning (Morris water maze, MWM) in the late phase of treatment (T). Neuronal expression of Fos in the hippocampus at the early and late phases of T, as well as after MWM was studied. The density and ratio of dopamine D5r, D3r and D2r receptors were also evaluated in the hippocampus using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Young rats showed similar patterns during behavioural tests, whereas aged treated rats showed increased immobility counts in RFST, diminished sucrose liquid intake in SPT, and spatial learning impairment during MWM. Fos expression was significantly blunted in the aged treated group after MWM. The density of D5r, D3r and D2r was increased in both aged groups. The treatment reduced the ratio of D5r/D3r and D5r/D2r in both groups. Moreover, aged treated subjects had significant lower values of D5r/D3r and higher values of D5r/D2r when compared with young treated subjects. These results indicate that chronic L-Dopa treatment in itself could trigger emotional and cognitive dysfunctions in elderly subjects through dopamine receptor dysregulation.


Asunto(s)
Antiparkinsonianos/efectos adversos , Carbidopa/efectos adversos , Trastornos del Conocimiento/inducido químicamente , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Levodopa/efectos adversos , Trastornos Mentales/inducido químicamente , Receptores Dopaminérgicos/metabolismo , Factores de Edad , Anhedonia/efectos de los fármacos , Anhedonia/fisiología , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/fisiopatología , Combinación de Medicamentos , Emociones/efectos de los fármacos , Emociones/fisiología , Hipocampo/fisiopatología , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/fisiopatología , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/fisiología , Ratas Wistar , Receptores de Dopamina D2/metabolismo , Receptores de Dopamina D3/metabolismo , Receptores de Dopamina D5/metabolismo , Aprendizaje Espacial/efectos de los fármacos , Aprendizaje Espacial/fisiología
5.
Neurosci Lett ; 459(3): 109-14, 2009 Aug 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19446003

RESUMEN

2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) administration causes transient depletion of glucose derivates and ATP. Hence, it can be used in a model system to study the effects of a mild glycoprivic brain insult mimicking transient hypoglycemia, which often occurs when insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents are administered for diabetes control. In the present study, the effect of a single 2-DG application (500mg/kg, a clinically applicable dose) on glial reactivity and neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus was examined, as well as a possible temporal correlation between these two phenomena. Post-insult (PI) glial reactivity time course was assessed by immunoreaction against glial-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) during the following 5 consecutive days. A clear increase of GFAP immunoreactivity in hilus was observed from 48 to 96h PI. Moreover, enhanced labeling of long radial processes in the granule cell layer adjacent to hilus was evidenced. On the other hand, a transient increase of progenitor cell proliferation was detected in the subgranular zone, prominently at 48h PI, coinciding with the temporal peak of glial activation. This increase resulted in an augment of neuroblasts double labeled with 5-bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and with double cortin (DCX) at day 7 PI. Around half of these cells survived 28 days showing matured neuronal phenotype double labeled by BrdU and a neuronal specific nuclear protein marker (NeuN). These findings suggest that a transient neuroglycoprivic state exerts a short-term effect on glial activation that possibly triggers a long-term effect on neurogenesis in hippocampus.


Asunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfato/deficiencia , Gliosis/fisiopatología , Glucosa/deficiencia , Hipocampo/fisiopatología , Neurogénesis/fisiología , Células Madre Adultas/fisiología , Animales , Antimetabolitos/administración & dosificación , Bromodesoxiuridina , Desoxiglucosa/administración & dosificación , Proteínas de Dominio Doblecortina , Proteína Doblecortina , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Neuroglía/fisiología , Neuronas/fisiología , Neuropéptidos/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de Tiempo
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