[Herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the Novosibirsk Region population amid the COVID-19 pandemic].

AIM: To determine the level of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the Novosibirsk Region population against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The work was carried out in 2 phases: 1) a cross-sectional cohort study performed 28.06- 15.07.2020; 2) longitudinal cohort 3-stage seromonitoring: 1st stage 28.06-15.07.2020; 2nd 14.09-04.10.2020; 3rd 10-30.12.2020 The work was carried out according to a unified methodology developed by Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of St-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, taking into account the recommendations of the WHO. IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein were detected by ELISA using a kit of reagents produced by the SRCMSB (Obolensk) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and other programs. RESULTS: The seroprevalence in the region's population was 9.1% (95% CI 8.0-10.2): maximum in children 14-17 years old (17.6%, 95% CI 12.3-23.9) and persons over 75 years (14.8%, 95% CI 11.4-18.8), minimum among persons 30-39 years old (4.9%, 95% CI 3.0-8.0). Increased rate was noted among the unemployed (15.4%, 95% CI 9.9-17.1) and other individuals (13.0%, 95% CI 8.6-18.5). Seroprevalence was 33.3% (95% CI 16.3-59.0) in COVID-19 convalescents and 19.0% (95% CI 13.9-25.0) in contact persons. More than 94.7% (95% CI 91.2-97.2) of seropositive individuals were asymptomatic. During the serological monitoring, seroprevalence increased from 7.4% (95% CI 6.2-8.9) at 1st stage 1 to 12.4% (95% CI 10.6-14.3) at 2nd , and 31% (95% CI 28.8-33.3) at 3rd stage. CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity has not reached the threshold level, this does not exclude exacerbation of the epidemic process.

[Efficacy of laboratory methods of diagnostic of purulent bacterial meningitis.]

According to the World Health Organization, every year about 1 million cases of purulent bacterial meningitis (PBM) are registered in the world, of which 200 thousand cases end in death. Bacterial meningitis is polyethiologic, which makes the task of determining the pathogen the main in the organization of epidemiological surveillance, treatment regimens, planning of preventive and anti-epidemic measures. The quality of laboratory diagnostics has a key influence on this. The true incidence of meningitis of different etiology can be altered at low-efficiency laboratory diagnostics. This work was carried out to assess the effectiveness of existing laboratory methods for the detection of PBM pathogens: Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis; as a part of the programme on sentinel surveillance of invasive bacterial diseases (IBD) carried out by the WHO regional office for Europe in a number of countries in Europe (Ukraine, Belarus), Transcaucasia (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia), Asia (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan) in the period 2010-2017. 2893 samples of clinical material (CSF and blood) obtained from patients with the meningeal syndrome were studied by four diagnostic methods: cultural method, latex-agglutination test, immunochromatographic test (BinaxNOW), PCR (conventional and real-time), used to identify the following pathogens: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae. When identifying the causative agents of BM, PCR more effective than culture method is 5 times in detecting N. meningitidis; 3 times in the detection of S. pneumoniae; 4 times the detection of H. influenzae b. Latex-agglutination test and immunochromatographic test allow to increase the identification of pathogens of BM for N. meningitidis - by 35.6%; S. pneumoniae - by 67%; H. influenzae b - by 19.2%, it is possible to set them in the field and at the epidpoint if necessary. When working with clinical material from patients diagnosed with GBM, it is advisable for bacteriological laboratories to complement the culture method of microbiological diagnosis of latex-agglutination test, immunochromatographic test or PCR.

[Actual problems of vaccine prophylaxis in the Russian Federation].

The WHO within the framework of extended immunization program assumes a significant increase of the number of vaccine controlled infections by 2020 - 2025 to 27 - 37 including protection from diseases of parasitic etiology. Russia contributes to the international efforts of the WHO to control infections with vaccine prophylaxis. The national calendar of prophylaxis vaccinations currently provides vaccination against 11 infections--tuberculosis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, measles, rubella, epidemic parotitis, influenza, haemophilus type B infection. Significant progress in reduction of infectious morbidity controlled by means of specific prophylaxis has been made in the country.

[Comparative analysis of the regulation of vertical posture in athletes of different sports qualifications].

The goal of study was to investigate the regulation of balance in athletes with different sports qualifications: masters of sport (MS, n=18) and candidates for master of sports (CMS, n=13). Balance examined by means of stabilographic complex ("Rhythm". Russia) in the static tests: in simple bipedal stance (BS) and squat positions (SQ), as well as in the dynamic tests: "Involute", evaluating the tracking movement and "Step input", assessing the reaction of the whole body on the visual-motor task. It was found that the MS with the same anthropometric data, PWC 170 and trunk power did not differ in linear and angular velocity of oscillations of the center of pressure (CP) in BS and SQ positions. MS had a relative dominance of low-frequency oscillations in the spectral analysis in the BS test with eyes open. In the test "Step input" MS had a lower latent period of reaction, a greater speed and an accuracy of the body motion forward and back in response to the step input signals, while they had a relative dominance of high frequency oscillations. Thus, the results showed that the masters of sport have improved postural regulation, which manifested itself mainly in the dynamic test on the speed and accuracy of the vertical body reaction to input visual signals.

[Poliomyelitis in Tajikistan. Protection of Russia from emergence and spread of wild poliomyelitis virus].

Problem of emergence and spread of poliomyelitis in Russian Federation and neighboring states is examined. Measures taken in Russian Federation to prevent emergence of poliomyelitis cases caused by wild type virus are discussed, as well as treaties and agreements between Russia, Commonwealth of Independent States, Shanghai Cooperation Organization states regarding epidemiological control of poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis. Measure planned by Federal Service for Surveillance for Protection of Consumers Rights and Human Welfare to prevent emergence of poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis cases in Russian Federation and neighboring countries are presented.

[Epidemiological surveillance over the organization and performance of immunoprophylaxis in the Russian Federation].

Vaccine prophylaxis is the most accessible and economic way of protecting and promoting the population's health, which is the most important part of prophylactic direction of modern medicine. The accumulated experience of mass immunization suggests the ability of a vaccine to cause 80, 96, and 92% reductions in the number of disease cases, the rate of admissions, and mortality rates, respectively.