Description of a new species of Neorhinotora Lopes, 1934 (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) from Central America.

A new species of Neorhinotora Lopes, 1934 (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) is described: Neorhinotora elsalvadorensis sp. nov., from El Salvador, Central America, with illustrations of external and internal morphological characters and update of the identification key.

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) From the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon: Liberdade and Gregório Rivers.

The mosquito community from remote locations toward the southern border of the Brazilian State of Amazonas, in four localities along the Liberdade and Gregório Rivers, was sampled using CDC and Malaise traps, complemented with net sweeping and immature collections. During May 2011, 190 collections yielded 13,012 mosquitoes, from 15 genera and 112 different species, together with 10 morphospecies, which may represent new undescribed taxa. Among the species collected, there are two new geographical distribution records for the State of Amazonas. Culex, the most abundant genus, also had the highest number of species. Both Aedes and Uranotaenia had the second highest number of species, although they were the second and seventh most abundant, respectively. The most abundant species were Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus (Wiedemann), Aedes (Ochlerotatus) nubilus (Theobald), Culex (Culex) mollis Dyar & Knab, Nyssorhynchus (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi sensu lato, Culex (Melanoconion) pedroi Sirivanakarn & Belkin, and Culex (Melanoconion) gnomatos Sallum, Hutchings & Ferreira. The epidemiological implications of mosquito species are discussed and compared with other mosquito inventories from the Amazon region. These results represent the first standardized mosquito inventories of the Liberdade and Gregório Rivers, with the identification of 112 species and 10 morphospecies, within the municipalities of Ipixuna and Eirunepé, from which we have only few records in the published literature.

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) From the Northwestern Brazilian Amazon: Araçá River.

The mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) from two remote localities along the Araçá River, within the Municipality of Barcelos, towards the northern border of the Brazilian State of Amazonas, were sampled using CDC, Shannon, Malaise, and Suspended traps, along with net sweeping and immature collections. During June 2010, 111 collections yielded more than 23,500 mosquitoes distributed in 15 genera, representing 119 different species, together with eight morphospecies, which may represent undescribed new taxa. Among the species collected, there is one new distributional record for Brazil and nine new distributional records for the State of Amazonas. With the highest number of species, the genus Culex Linnaeus also had the largest number of individuals followed by Aedes Meigen with the second highest number of species. The most abundant species was Culex (Melanoconion) gnomatos Sallum, Hutchings & Ferreira followed by Culex (Melanoconion) portesi Senevet & Abonnenc, Culex (Culex) mollis Dyar & Knab, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus (Wiedemann), Culex (Melanoconion) pedroi Sirivanakarn & Belkin, Culex (Melanoconion) crybda Dyar, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) nubilus (Theobald), and Anopheles (Anopheles) peryassui Dyar & Knab. The epidemiological implications of mosquito species found are discussed and are compared with other mosquito inventories from the Amazon region. As the first standardized mosquito inventory of the Araçá River, with the identification of 127 species level taxa, the number of mosquito species which have been collected along the northern tributaries of the middle Rio Negro Basin (i.e., Padauari and Araçá Rivers) increased significantly.

Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae).

A revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker resulted in the re-description of four species and the description of nine new species: Syneches amazonicus sp. nov., S. angulatus sp. nov., S. applanatus sp. nov., S. bilobatus sp. nov., S. equatoriensis sp. nov., S. exilis sp. nov., S. maculosum sp. nov., S. striatus sp. nov., S. tenebricus sp. nov., and two new synonymies: S. quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1805) = S. curvipes (Fabricius, 1805) and S. hispidus Ale-Rocha & Vieira, 2008 = S. repletus Bezzi, 1909. The male of S. fuscescens Bezzi and the female of S. annulipes Bezzi are described and their terminalia are illustrated. Geographic records for S. annulipes Bezzi, S. curvipes (Fabricius), S. fuscescens Bezzi, S. manaos Smith, S. moraballi Smith, S. rafaeli Ale-Rocha & Vieira, S. repletus Bezzi and S. walkeri Smith and an identification key for the species recorded in the Amazon are provided.