RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exacerbates Parkinson's disease (PD) manifestations including cognitive dysfunction. Both OSA and PD have been associated with inflammation. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in cognitive function. We aimed to investigate inflammatory cytokines and BDNF in relation to OSA and PD symptoms. METHODS: In a prospective observational study, patients with PD underwent overnight polysomnography. Morning serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and BDNF were quantified at baseline (n = 64) and 6 months (n = 38). Outcomes included non-motor and motor standard scores; Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); and Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS). Associations were assessed using linear regression, adjusting for age, sex and body mass index. RESULTS: At baseline, IL-6 was associated with the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (ß = 0.013, p = 0.03), and the Oxygen Desaturation Index (ß = 0.028, p = 0.002). No other associations between cytokines and sleep parameters were found. Motor dysfunction was associated with IL-6 (ß = 0.03, p = 0.001). ESS was associated non-significantly with IL-6 (ß = 0.04, p = 0.07) and BDNF (ß = 555, p = 0.06). At follow-up, change in IL-6 was associated with change in non-motor (ß = 0.08, p = 0.007), and motor (ß = 0.03, p = 0.001) symptoms. Change in BDNF was associated with change in ESS (ß = 1450, p = 0.02). INTERPRETATION: We found an association between IL-6 levels and both OSA severity and PD motor dysfunction. At follow-up, increasing IL-6 correlated with deterioration of motor and non-motor PD symptoms. Increasing BDNF correlated with increasing sleepiness. Further work with a larger sample size is needed, but our results support the hypothesis that OSA-related inflammation plays a role in PD manifestations and progression.
Asunto(s)
Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/sangre , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño , Cognición , Humanos , Enfermedad de Parkinson/complicaciones , Polisomnografía , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is diagnosed by self-reported symptoms. Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have disease-related symptoms which could mimic RLS. This study assessed the: (1) false-positive rate for questionnaire-based RLS diagnosis in MS patients and (2) utility of periodic leg movements during wakefulness (PLMW) on overnight polysomnography (PSG) in identifying true-positive RLS patients. METHODS: Ambulatory MS patients without known sleep disorders were recruited. Subjects completed the International RLS Study Group (IRLSG) diagnostic questionnaire (IRLDQ) and underwent full overnight PSG. IRLDQ-positive patients underwent clinical evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and completed the RLS severity scale (IRLS). RESULTS: Seventy-one MS patients (mean age 46.8 ± 10.4 years) were evaluated. Thirty-eight had a positive IRLDQ. RLS diagnosis was confirmed in 22, yielding a false-positive rate of 42% [95% confidence interval (CI) 26-59%], predominantly attributable to paresthesiae (n = 7), and cramps and/or muscle spasms (n = 4). IRLS scores were not significantly different between subjects with confirmed and nonconfirmed RLS. The PLMW index was significantly higher in patients with confirmed RLS (55.4 ± 41.9 vs. 29.7 ± 18.8, p = 0.03). The sensitivity of a PLMW index >70/h for true-positive IRLDQ was 8/22 = 36%, 95% CI: 17.2-59.3, and the specificity was 16/16 = 100%, 95% CI: 79.4-100. CONCLUSIONS: MS patients have a high false-positive rate of RLS diagnosis using a standardized questionnaire largely attributable to MS-related sensorimotor symptoms. While detailed clinical evaluation is essential for confirming RLS diagnosis, the PLMW index may provide useful adjunctive information.
Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico , Síndrome de las Piernas Inquietas/diagnóstico , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Reacciones Falso Positivas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polisomnografía , Psicometría/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
El objetivo de esta comunicación fue evaluar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico electivo del cáncer de colon en un período de 22 años, entre enero de 1975 y diciembre de 1996. Un total de 44 pacientes fueron intervenidos con diagnóstico de cáncer de colon durante este período. De éstos, 350 (79 por ciento) se operaron en forma electiva y componen el grupo en estudio. El síntoma de presentación más frecuente fue el cambio de hábito intestinal (48 por ciento). En 16 (5 por ciento) pacientes el tumor fue un hallazgo de la colonoscopia, imágenes o laparotomía. Los exámenes más utilizados en el diagnóstico fueron la colonoscopia (46 por ciento) y el enema baritado (42 por ciento). La localización más frecuente fue el colon sigmoides en 99 pacientes (40 por ciento). El porcentaje de resecabilidad de las lesiones fue de un 92 por ciento. En el 77 por ciento de losa pacientes la operación tuvo intención curativa. Cincuenta y dos pacientes (12 por ciento) presentaron alguna complicación post operatoria, siendo la más frecuente la infección de herida operatoria (6 por ciento). Cuatro pacientes requirieron una segunda intervención (2 por íleo prolongado, uno por hemoperitoneo y uno por úlcera duodenal perforada). Un paciente (0,3 por ciento) de esta serie falleció debido a sepsis generalizada posterior a cirugía por úlcera duodenal perforada