Calcium carbonate supplementation for the prevention of preeclampsia in high-risk pregnant women: a randomized clinical trial protocol.

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is a significant cause of maternal mortality worldwide, affecting 2% to 8% of pregnancies. The World Health Organization recommends the use of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg of aspirin) and 1.5 to 2 g of calcium carbonate during pregnancy to prevent PE. However, robust evidence supporting the efficacy of calcium supplementation is still needed. This study aims to assess the efficacy of calcium carbonate in preventing preeclampsia in high-risk pregnant women. METHODS: A triple-blind, randomized clinical trial will be conducted at an outpatient clinic in Brazil between May 2024 and March 2026. Pregnant women at high risk of developing preeclampsia and with low dietary calcium intake will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: one group will receive calcium carbonate capsules (commercially available in Brazil) along with 100 mg of aspirin; the second group will receive calcium carbonate derived from Crassostrea sp. along with 100 mg of aspirin; and the control group will receive a placebo alongside 100 mg of aspirin. The primary outcome is the diagnosis of preeclampsia during pregnancy, while secondary outcomes evaluate maternal and fetal health indicators. DISCUSSION: This trial seeks to generate evidence on the efficacy of calcium carbonate in preeclampsia prevention, with a focus on comparing industrial calcium carbonate with calcium carbonate sourced from Crassostrea sp., a more sustainable alternative. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe and registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), under the ID RBR-7hqhj3y. Registered on November 16, 2023.

"Opportunities and responsibilities": how do pharmacists assess their professionalism?

INTRODUCTION: Professionalism is fundamental to the existence of professions. In pharmacy, interest in this theme improved with events that examined the resocialization of pharmacists in care. With this, evaluating professionalism can help the operationalization of the theme and, consequently, the development of strategies for pharmacy consolidation before its challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the professionalism of Brazilian pharmacists. METHODS: To meet the objective, a cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2022 and August 2023. Data were collected using the Brazilian version of the "Modification of Hall's Professionalism Scale for Use with Pharmacists". The scale has 39 items grouped into the domains: autonomy, vocation, professional council, self-regulation, continuing education, and altruism. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an ANOVA analysis of variance with post-hoc Hochberg or Games-Howell tests with Bootstrapping was conducted to verify differences between groups. RESULTS: 600 pharmacists participated in this study. The majority (69%) was female and carried out their professional activities in community pharmacies (50%). Professionalism scores ranged between 14 and 29 points, with an average of 22.8 points. Pharmacists working in outpatient clinics had higher scores in most factors, namely, altruism, continuing education, professional council, vocation, and autonomy. This indicates that the inclination of pharmacists to occupy areas focused on care can be significant to assess professionalism. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained indicate that pharmacists working in outpatient clinics had higher professionalism scores compared to others. This corroborates the worldwide trend experienced by pharmacy in recent decades, which is the execution of increasingly patient-centered practice models.

Moderate and serious adverse reactions to antimicrobials among hospitalized children: A systematic review.

AIMS: This systematic review aimed to investigate the occurrence of moderate and severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antimicrobials among hospitalized children. METHODS: The PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs and CINAHL databases were searched in April 2023 to systematically review the published data describing the characteristics of moderate and severe ADRs to antimicrobials among hospitalized children. The search was carried out without date restrictions, up to the search date (April, 2023). RESULTS: At the end of the selection process, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. Cutaneous reactions were the primary serious clinical manifestations in most articles (19/30), followed by erythema multiforme (71 cases), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (72 cases), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (22 cases). The main antimicrobials involved in moderate and severe ADRs were penicillins, cephalosporins and sulfonamides. Regarding the primary outcomes, 30% (9/30) of the articles reported deaths, and 46.7% (14/30) of studies reported increased lengths of hospital stay, need for intensive care, and transfer to another hospital. Regarding the main interventions, 10% (3/30) of the articles mentioned greater monitoring, suspension, medication substitution or prescription of specific medications for the symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this review could be used to identify areas for improvement and help health professionals and policymakers develop strategies. In addition, we emphasize the importance of knowing about ADRs so that there is adequate management to avoid undesirable consequences.

Assessment of Professionalism in Pharmacists and Pharmacy Students: Scoping Review of Instruments and Validity Evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize which instruments have been developed to assess professionalism in the field of pharmacy. FINDINGS: A scoping review was conducted to answer which instruments have been developed to assess professionalism in the field of Pharmacy. The databases consulted were EMBASE, ERIC, PUBMED/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. No restrictions on language or year of publication were made. Only studies about development or translation of instruments for professionalism assessment were included. The methodological quality of studies was verified by the Questionnaire Cross-Cultural Adaptation Guideline and the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments. Seven studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this scoping review. In general, the instruments were developed from ideological elements assigned to professionalism by pharmaceutical and medical entities, in addition to theoretical references that came from social sciences. Regarding the evaluation of validation and psychometric property evidence, the studies generally adopted distinct procedures which highlights some destandardization, although the methodological quality was accepted. SUMMARY: More studies on the professionalism field should be conducted to characterize professionalism and develop pharmaceutical practices in line with societal demands and expectations.

Formal leadership perceptions about the autonomy of Pharmacy: a SWOT analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Autonomy is considered a vital principle of professionalism. In recent years, despite important advances, the Pharmacy and pharmacists' autonomy has been questioned due to conflicts that jeopardize the consolidation of this profession in the division of work in health. OBJECTIVE: to understand the construct of autonomy based on perceptions of formal leaders associated with professional organizations. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted through interviews with key informants. The data obtained were submitted to content analysis. RESULTS: Perceptions about the autonomy in pharmaceutical practice were categorized according to strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to this construct. CONCLUSION: The findings allowed us to understand the autonomy of pharmaceutical practice in Brazil, generate hypotheses about the future of Pharmacy, and build strategies to maintain its occupational status.

Perceptions of formal pharmacy leadership on the social role of the profession and its historical evolution: A qualitative study.

Background: In recent years, pharmaceutical professionalism has been questioned due to the social role of pharmacy, which is ambiguous in the literature. This raises questions about the purpose of the profession among pharmacists, despite the efforts of their professional organizations and formal leaders to consolidate the occupational status of the profession. Objective: To understand the social role of pharmacy in Brazil through its historical evolution based on the perceptions of formal leaders of the profession. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted between July 2020 and February 2021 with pharmacists who held leadership positions in formal and professional pharmacy organizations in Brazil. The data obtained from the interviews were submitted to content analysis. Results: A total of 17 pharmacists participated in this study. The data analyzed presented perceptions about the social role of the pharmaceutical profession in Brazil, which promotes access to health through different means. These include the manager pharmacist, who facilitates access to public health policies; the caring pharmacist, who promotes health education and the rational use of medicines; and the technologist pharmacist, who researches, develops, and promotes access to safe and cost-effective medicines. The interviewees also discussed the evolution of this social role based on influential factors such as legislation, clinical movement, pharmaceutical education, labor market, behaviors, and attitudes of pharmacists. Conclusion: In this study, pharmaceutical professionalism was conceptualized based on its social role, which should be centered on the patient. Understanding such issues is part of the evolutionary purpose of the profession in Brazil and should be encouraged in the behaviors and attitudes of pharmacists despite the challenges faced by the profession.

Teaching Strategies for Professional Identity Education in Pharmacy: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVES: To characterize which strategies of professional identity formation and professionalism are being used in Pharmacy. FINDINGS: We gathered 5004 articles from 5 databases with the descriptors "pharmacy" "professionalism," "professional identity" and their synonyms. The professional identity is a set of values and behaviors common among professionals. Professionalism is the moral compass of these values, used as a strategy to own social authenticity. After excluding duplicate texts, analyzing titles, abstracts, and full articles, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria and presented strategies for the formation of professional identity and professionalism in pharmacy students. We did not find studies with pharmacists. The quality of reports was assessed using 2 instruments recommended by the literature. All studies were conducted from 2007 onwards, and the United States is the country with the most publications. The identified strategies consisted of extracurricular activities, thematic courses, lectures, and counseling sessions and did not follow standards of theoretical reference, method, execution, duration, and effectiveness of evaluation. SUMMARY: The interest of Pharmacy about professional identity and professionalism has grown substantially in recent years. Teaching strategies are essential alternatives to improve professionalism, reinforce its importance, and acknowledge its heterogeneity and differences. For that, they must be in line with the aims of the profession in society. This review highlights the need to develop standardized and reproducible teaching strategies to guarantee the effectiveness of students' professional socialization during graduation, as well as to instruct professionals to deal with the changes in the profession, increasing the influence of Pharmacy in society.

Ensino experiencial na farmácia universitária: um estudo de perspectiva etnográfica na educação / Experiential learning in a university pharmacy: a study adopting the ethnographic approach to education / Enseñanza experiencial en la farmacia universitaria: un estudio de perspectiva etnográfica en la educación

O objetivo deste estudo foi refletir sobre o desafio da formação de identidade profissional do farmacêutico clínico em um contexto de currículo não integrado e em um ambiente tradicional e especializado. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa orientada pelos pressupostos da perspectiva etnográfica na educação, empregando-se múltiplos métodos de coleta de dados entre abril e julho de 2019. O cenário de ensino experiencial foi uma Farmácia Universitária da região Sul do Brasil. Por meio de uma descrição densa e com uso da reflexividade teórica e intertextual, é apresentada uma narrativa utilizando a voz dos participantes como âncora para dar visibilidade ao processo vivenciado. A ausência de um padrão para o cuidado na profissão farmacêutica, o currículo tradicional e a desarticulação entre teoria e prática constituem desafios para os estudantes de Farmácia legitimarem a prática profissional farmacêutica centrada no usuário.(AU)

The aim of this study was to reflect on the challenge of forming the professional identity of clinical pharmacists in the context of non-integrated curriculums and a traditional specialized environment. We conducted a qualitative study between April and July 2019 guided by the ethnographic approach to education, employing multiple data collection methods. The experiential learning setting was a university pharmacy in the south of Brazil. By means of a thick description and through the use of theoretical and intertextual reflexivity, we present a narrative using the voice of the participants as an anchor to provided visibility to the experienced process. The absence of a standard for the care process in the pharmacy profession, the traditional curriculum, and the lack of connection between theory and practice are challenges facing pharmacy students in legitimizing patient-centered professional practice.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue reflexionar sobre el desafío de la formación de la identidad profesional del farmacéutico clínico en un contexto de currículum no integrado y en un ambiente tradicional y especializado. Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa orientada por las presuposiciones de la perspectiva etnográfica en la educación, utilizándose múltiples métodos de colecta de datos entre abril y julio de 2019. El escenario de la enseñanza experiencial fue una Farmacia Universitaria de la región sur de Brasil. Por medio de una descripción densa y con el uso de la reflexividad teórica e intertextual se presenta una narrativa que utiliza la voz de los participantes como ancla para dar visibilidad al proceso vivido. La ausencia de un estándar para el proceso de cuidado en la profesión farmacéutica, el currículum tradicional y la desarticulación entre teoría y práctica se constituyen en desafíos para que los estudiantes de Farmacia legitimen la práctica profesional farmacéutica centrada en el usuario.(AU)

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the "Modification of Hall's professionalism scale for use with pharmacists".

BACKGROUND: Professionalism is the demonstration of behaviors that guide the actions of health professionals. In Pharmacy, its implementation is possible through assessment instruments for pharmacists, such as the "Modification of Hall's Professionalism Scale for Use with Pharmacists". OBJECTIVE: To translate the "Modification of Hall's Professionalism Scale for Use with Pharmacists" into a Brazilian Portuguese version and evaluate its psychometric properties for pharmacists. METHOD: The methodological process of this study took place in three stages: translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument original version into a Brazilian Portuguese version; validation of the scale content through consensus among geographically distinct experts and, finally; examination of the scale psychometric measurement properties through a convenience sample of 600 Brazilian pharmacists. At this stage, construct validity was verified using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and reliability was examined by calculating the composite reliability. RESULTS: The adapted instrument to a Brazilian Portuguese version demonstrated content validity with coefficients considered acceptable, above 0.8. The EFA demonstrated a structure supported by six factors and 39 items. The H index suggested high stability for all factors as well as composite reliability. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the instrument presented appropriate content validity coefficients and psychometric properties. This measure may be useful for future studies on professionalism regarding teaching strategies and assessment of this construct among pharmacists.

Educação permanente para farmacêuticos preceptores que atuam na atenção primária no Sistema Único de Saúde: um estudo qualitativo / Lifelong learning for pharmacist preceptors in primary healthcare in the Brazilian health system: a qualitative study

Resumo O bom exercício da preceptoria exige educação permanente dos profissionais de saúde. Nesse contexto, foi desenvolvido curso para preceptores farmacêuticos em um município do leste de Minas Gerais, visando promover o desenvolvimento de competências clínicas. O objetivo do estudo é descrever a experiência educacional desenvolvida e a perspectiva dos participantes sobre a mesma. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, com coleta de dados por observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise documental. Os dados transcritos foram submetidos a análise temática. O planejamento da atividade educacional, realizado a partir de diagnóstico com os farmacêuticos, resultou em satisfação por parte dos mesmos, que ressaltaram a relevância dos temas abordados para sua prática cotidiana. O curso teórico-prático com estudos de casos que objetivava desenvolver competências clínicas iniciais demonstrou-se satisfatório na perspectiva dos participantes. Problemas na gestão do sistema de saúde local dificultaram a realização da fase de apoio in loco, prevista inicialmente. Além disso, evidenciaram-se fatores que influenciam na possibilidade de aplicação de tais competências no cotidiano profissional. Os conhecimentos gerados podem ser subsidiar outras experiências de integração universidade-serviço de saúde para educação permanente de farmacêuticos, com aproveitamento dos aspectos positivos e desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção dos problemas identificados.

Abstract A good preceptorship practice requires lifelong education. In this context, a course was developed for pharmacist preceptors aiming to promote the development of clinical skills. This study aims to describe the educational experience developed and the participants' perspective on it. This is a qualitative study, with data collection through participant observation, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The transcribed data were submitted to thematic analysis. The planning of the educational activity, carried out based on a diagnosis with the pharmacists, resulted in satisfaction on the part of the pharmacists, who stressed the relevance of the topics addressed for their daily practice. The theoretical-practical course with case studies that aimed to develop initial clinical skills proved to be satisfactory from the perspective of the participants. Problems in the management of the local health system made it difficult to carry out the on-site support phase, initially planned. In addition, factors that influence the possibility of applying such competences in professional daily life were evidenced. The knowledge generated can be used to support other university-health service integration experiences for the lifelong education of pharmacists, taking advantage of the positive aspects and developing strategies to prevent the identified problems.

Communication Apprehension Among Health Professions Students in Brazil.

Objective. To determine the levels of communication apprehension experienced by health professions students in Brazil.Method. A cross-sectional study of dentistry, pharmacy, medicine, and nursing students at a Brazilian university was conducted from December 2019 to May 2020. The students were invited to complete the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24) and provide demographic data. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted.Results. A total of 644 health students answered the survey, and 25.5% were classified as having high communication apprehension. Male participants had significantly lower PRCA-24 scores than female participants. No significant differences were found between PRCA-24 scores by age category or academic year. Medical students had significantly lower mean PRCA-24 scores than pharmacy students.Conclusion. The prevalence of communication apprehension was high among health professions students. Women and pharmacy students had the highest communication apprehension scores. Health educators should consider the effects of communication apprehension on students and use adequate interventions during communication skills training to alleviate this apprehension.

Collaborative attitudes between pharmacists and physicians in Brazil

Abstract Pharmacist-physician collaboration is a strategy for optimizing patient care and improving health outcomes. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information in Brazil about collaborative practices among these professionals. The aim of this study was to measure collaborative attitude of pharmacists and physicians who were working together in a teaching hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to January 2019 with pharmacists and physicians working in a teaching hospital in Northeastern Brazil. These professionals were invited to provide responses to the Brazilian version of the "Scale of Attitudes Towards Pharmacist-Physician Collaboration" (SATP2C); their scores ranged between 16 and 64 points. The software Epi Info TM (version 3.5.4) was used for data analysis, and data were expressed in means. Forty-four professionals participated in this study. The mean age was 33.5 (DP = 7.1) years. More than half of participants were male (n = 25, 56.8%). The means from the SATP2C for pharmacists and physicians were 54.20 and 50.91, respectively, indicating good collaborative attitudes. There was no statistical difference between the mean scores of pharmacists and physicians. Participants showed a predisposition for collaborative teamwork. Future studies should focus on understanding the process by which collaboration translates into clinical practice

Perceptions of Pharmacy students about their competences for professional practice in community pharmacy

Abstract Pharmaceutical education should enable the development of competences for community pharmacy practice, which is an important field for the pharmacist workforce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the competences perceived by pharmacy interns from a Brazilian pharmacy school for community pharmacy practice. This study adopted a combined quantitative and qualitative approach. The study cohort included undergraduate students who undertook internships in community pharmacy in the final year of the pharmacy course. Students responded to an 11-item structured questionnaire according to a five-point Likert scale that included perceptions of their competences for community pharmacy practice. Among the 693 possible answers, 605 (87.3%) agreed that the course promoted the development of competences for professional practice in community pharmacy. Less than 70% of students perceived themselves as prepared to respond to symptoms and provide non-prescription medicines. Qualitative analysis of the comments revealed three themes: the need to improve patient information skills, improve practice as a member of a health care team, and improve dispensing according to legal requirements. These findings may support improvements in undergraduate pharmacy programs, such as the inclusion of experiential learning, active learning methods, interprofessional education, and development of clinical skills.

Correction: Brazilian version of the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension: Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation among healthcare students.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246075.].

Use of psychotropic drugs among workers on leave due to mental disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of psychotropic drugs among civil servants with registered absenteeism due to mental disorders, and to investigate associations with duration of leave of absence. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with civil servants on leave of absence due to mental disorders, between January and December 2017. Demographic, occupational and clinical variables were extracted from secondary data. Non-parametric tests were used to investigate correlations between use of psychotropic drugs and leave duration. Cluster analysis was used to investigate associations between occupational characteristics and illness profile. RESULTS: Antidepressants were the most commonly used drugs (82.9%). Central tendency values for days on leave differed according to the number of psychotropic drugs used. In cluster analysis, a particular cluster (servants of intermediate age group and work experience - mean of 46 years and 15 years, respectively) stood out regarding use of antidepressants, severity of depression and frequency and duration of leave of absence. CONCLUSION: Leave of absence due to mental disorders was associated with higher rates of psychotropic drug use. The group of servants identified in this study may be a primary target for health promotion, prevention and recovery actions at the organization.

Brazilian version of the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension: Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation among healthcare students.

INTRODUCTION: Communication apprehension (CA) refers to an individual's level of fear or anxiety toward either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons. The Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24) is the most widely used measure of CA, even among healthcare students. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to undertake a cross-cultural adaptation of this scale, translate it into Brazilian Portuguese, and examine its psychometric properties among healthcare students. METHODS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation procedures were undertaken with the objective of establishing compatibility between the original and translated scales. The content validity of the scale was established based on the feedback of a multidisciplinary expert committee. Its psychometric properties were evaluated using a convenience sample of 616 healthcare students. Its construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Its internal consistency was examined by computing Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. Its criterion validity was examined against the Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (ICCS). RESULTS: The adapted scale demonstrated acceptable content validity. EFA showed that it was undergirded by one dimension, and this observation was confirmed by the results of CFA. The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency. Its convergent validity was examined by conducting correlation analysis, and scores on the adapted PRCA-24 were negatively correlated with scores on the ICCS. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the PRCA-24 has satisfactory psychometric properties and is, therefore, suitable for use with Brazilian healthcare students. It can be used to assess their communication needs for the purpose of designing tailored training programs.

Use of psychotropic drugs among workers on leave due to mental disorders / Uso de psicofármacos entre trabalhadores em afastamento laboral por transtornos mentais

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the use of psychotropic drugs among civil servants with registered absenteeism due to mental disorders, and to investigate associations with duration of leave of absence. Methods A cross-sectional study with civil servants on leave of absence due to mental disorders, between January and December 2017. Demographic, occupational and clinical variables were extracted from secondary data. Non-parametric tests were used to investigate correlations between use of psychotropic drugs and leave duration. Cluster analysis was used to investigate associations between occupational characteristics and illness profile. Results Antidepressants were the most commonly used drugs (82.9%). Central tendency values for days on leave differed according to the number of psychotropic drugs used. In cluster analysis, a particular cluster (servants of intermediate age group and work experience - mean of 46 years and 15 years, respectively) stood out regarding use of antidepressants, severity of depression and frequency and duration of leave of absence. Conclusion Leave of absence due to mental disorders was associated with higher rates of psychotropic drug use. The group of servants identified in this study may be a primary target for health promotion, prevention and recovery actions at the organization.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a utilização de psicofármacos por servidores públicos com registro de absenteísmo por transtornos mentais, e analisar sua associação com a duração do afastamento do trabalho. Métodos Estudo transversal com servidores públicos em afastamento laboral por transtornos mentais, entre janeiro a dezembro de 2017. Variáveis demográficas, ocupacionais e clínicas foram obtidas a partir de dados secundários. Foram empregados testes não paramétricos para avaliar a correlação entre o uso de psicofármacos e o tempo de afastamento. A análise de cluster foi utilizada para verificar a associação entre as características ocupacionais e o perfil de adoecimento do servidor. Resultados Os antidepressivos foram os medicamentos mais utilizados (82,9%). Observaram-se diferenças nos valores centrais de dias de afastamentos por número de psicofármacos utilizados. Na análise de cluster , um dos conglomerados (servidores com idade e tempo de trabalhos intermediários - média 46 anos de idade e 15 anos de trabalho) destacou-se em relação à utilização de antidepressivos, gravidade do quadro depressivo, frequência e duração do afastamento. Conclusão O afastamento laboral por transtornos mentais esteve associado à maior utilização de psicofármacos. O grupo de servidores identificado pode ser alvo prioritário de ações de promoção, prevenção e recuperação da saúde na instituição.

Instrumentos para avaliação de habilidades de comunicação no cuidado em saúde no Brasil: uma revisão de escopo / Instruments for assessing communication skills in the area of healthcare in Brazil: a scoping review / Instrumentos para evaluación de habilidades de comunicación en el cuidado de salud en Brasil: una revisión de alcance

O ensino de habilidades de comunicação é indispensável aos profissionais de saúde. Este estudo objetivou identificar instrumentos validados no português do Brasil que avaliam habilidades de comunicação de estudantes ou profissionais da saúde. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão de escopo que incluiu estudos de validação de instrumentos para avaliação de habilidades de comunicação de estudantes/profissionais da área da Saúde. Foram identificados quatro instrumentos, traduzidos e validados para o português do Brasil. Validação de conteúdo, validação de construto e o teste de consistência interna foram realizados com maior frequência. Esta revisão identificou um número reduzido de instrumentos para avaliar habilidades de comunicação e dados limitados de validade e confiabilidade dos instrumentos.(AU)

Teaching communication skills to health professionals is extremely important. This study aimed to identify instruments validated for Brazilian Portuguese that assess communication skills of health students or professionals. We carried out a scoping review that included validation studies of instruments for assessing communication skills of students/professionals from the area of Health. Four instruments were identified, translated into Brazilian Portuguese and validated for this language. Content validation, construct validation and the internal consistency test were the most frequently performed ones. This review identified a reduced number of instruments to assess communication skills and limited data about the instruments' validity and reliability.(AU)

La enseñanza de habilidades de comunicación es indispensable para los profesionales de la salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar instrumentos validados en portugués de Brasil que evalúan habilidades de comunicación de estudiantes o profesionales de la salud. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de alcance que incluyó estudios de validación de instrumentos para evaluación de habilidades de comunicación de estudiantes/profesionales del área de la salud. Se identificaron cuatro instrumentos, traducidos y validados al portugués de Brasil. La validación de contenido, la validación del constructo y el test de consistencia interna se realizaron con mayor frecuencia. Esta revisión identificó un número reducido de instrumentos para evaluar habilidades de comunicación y datos limitados de validez y confiabilidad de los instrumentos.(AU)

Sign Language in Brazilian Pharmacy Education.

Objective. To evaluate undergraduate pharmacy curricula at Federal Institutions of Higher Education in Brazil in order to identify sign language courses and other content related to the provision of care to deaf patients. Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted between March and June 2017. Data were collected from the websites of undergraduate pharmacy education programs in Brazil. Sign language courses were classified according to type (mandatory or elective), nature (theoretical or theoretical-practical), course period and workload. The course contents were extracted and analyzed by content analysis. Results. Of the 35 schools of pharmacy included in the study, 18 (51.4%) included a sign language course in their curriculum. Eighteen (100%) of the sign language courses were elective, one (5.6%) was theorical-practical, 16 (89.0%) did not have a predetermined point in the curriculum for students to complete the course, and 11 (61.1%) had a workload equal to or greater than 60 hours. The main pedagogical content identified related to the teaching and learning of sign language. Conclusion. Learning sign language in undergraduate pharmacy is important for these professionals could provide humanistic and integral care to deaf patients. Therefore, there is considerable room for improvement in teaching sign language to undergraduate pharmacy students in Brazil.

Communication skills in Brazilian pharmaceutical education: a documentary analysis

Objective: To characterize the inclusion of the teaching of communication skills in the curriculum of Pharmacy Schools of Federal Institutions of Higher Education. Methods: An exploratory study of documental analysis of curriculum of Pharmacy Schools was carried out. A convenience sample was selected from undergraduate pharmacy courses of Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES). The variables collected were related to the identification of the course, its nature (elective or mandatory), workload, semester, and program content. Results: Among the 49 undergraduate pharmacy courses of IFES, 35 (71.4%) had their curriculum available online. The teaching of communication in health was identified in 26 (74.3%) curriculum. In this study, three courses (7.2%) specifically aimed at teaching communication skills, while 39 (92.9%) had content related to this subject. Most courses (22; 52.4%) belonged to the field of Social, Behavioral, and Administrative Sciences. As for the course period, there was a concentration in the third (19%) and fourth (28.6%) years. The main content present in the curriculum was related to the principles and techniques of health communication (42.8%). Conclusions: Data obtained enabled the identification of gaps in the curricula of undergraduate courses in pharmacy concerning the inclusion of the teaching of communication skills. These results can be used to reflect the current models adopted in Brazil for the teaching of this skills, especially after the recent publication of the new curricular guidelines for undergraduate pharmacy courses

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