RESUMEN
This research investigates the effects of renewable (REC) and disaggregated non-renewable energy consumption (coal, oil, and natural gas) on CO2 emissions (CO2) in GCC countries, employing the STIRPAT model. The research also compares the impact of various non-renewable energy (NREC) sources to identify their contributions to CO2 emissions. Demographic factors like population and economic growth are considered main determinants of CO2. Panel data econometric methods are used, including diagnostic tests and unit root tests, to found long-run relationships among the variables. The study reveals significant positive associations between coal, natural gas, oil consumption and CO2, with oil having the highest impact. Conversely, REC shows a significant negative correlation with CO2. Economic growth and population are also linked to increased CO2. The findings emphasize the need for strategies promoting renewable energy usage, energy efficiency, public transportation, carbon pricing, and research in green technologies to alleviate CO2 and enhance sustainable development in the GCC countries.
RESUMEN
This paper aims to analyse stability and Hopf bifurcation of the HIV-1 model with immune delay under the functional response of the Holling II type. The global stability analysis has been considered by Lyapunov-LaSalle theorem. And stability and the sufficient condition for the existence of Hopf Bifurcation of the infected equilibrium of the HIV-1 model with immune response are also studied. Some numerical simulations verify the above results. Finally, we propose a novel three dimension system to the future study.
