BACKGROUND: Haemodialysis units are now managing an increasing number of patients with varying needs and levels of acuity. To maintain safety, haemodialysis patients must be placed in the most appropriate dialysis unit that has the required human and physical resources to care for them. The first step towards achieving these goals is to develop a tool specific to haemodialysis units to effectively measure patient acuity. OBJECTIVE: To develop a haemodialysis acuity tool, utilising a focus group approach, in assessing patient's suitability for a specific dialysis location thus ensuring patient safety. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional qualitative study via a focus group approach. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were nurse unit managers and team leaders of a District Renal Service. APPROACH: Participants were interviewed to explore their views on the elements and measures identified in the research aims. Themes for interviews were informed by current literature on acuity tools for haemodialysis patients' admission to the dialysis units. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and progressively analysed using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS: Ten nurse unit managers/team leaders (100%) were interviewed and thematic analysis of the transcripts was conducted utilising the deductive approach. Five themes were identified which will form the main categories in the development of the tool, namely: Age/frailty; co-morbidity; physical; dialysis; and psychosocial. CONCLUSION: This study is instrumental in the development of the haemodialysis acuity tool which can be used in allocating dialysis location specific to patient's needs and available resources. The tool can also be used in analysing patient care processes and resource requirements based on the patients' and unit's profile.
BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related infections, such as peritonitis, exit site, and tunnel infections, substantially impair the sustainability of PD. Accordingly, PD-related infection is the top-priority research outcome for patients and caregivers. While PD nurse trainers teach patients to perform their own PD, PD training curricula are not standardized or informed by an evidentiary base and may offer a potential approach to prevent PD infections. The Targeted Education ApproaCH to improve Peritoneal Dialysis outcomes (TEACH-PD) trial evaluates whether a standardized training curriculum for PD nurse trainers and incident PD patients based on the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) guidelines reduces PD-related infections compared to usual training practices. METHODS: The TEACH-PD trial is a registry-based, pragmatic, open-label, multi-center, binational, cluster-randomized controlled trial. TEACH-PD will recruit adults aged 18 years or older who have not previously undergone PD training at 42 PD treatment units (clusters) in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) between July 2019 and June 2023. Clusters will be randomized 1:1 to standardized TEACH-PD training curriculum or usual training practice. The primary trial outcome is the time to the first occurrence of any PD-related infection (exit site infection, tunnel infection, or peritonitis). The secondary trial outcomes are the individual components of the primary outcome, infection-associated catheter removal, transfer to hemodialysis (greater than 30 days and 180 days), quality of life, hospitalization, all-cause death, a composite of transfer to hemodialysis or all-cause death, and cost-effectiveness. Participants are followed for a minimum of 12 months with a targeted average follow-up period of 2 years. Participant and outcome data are collected from the ANZ Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) and the New Zealand Peritoneal Dialysis (NZPD) Registry. This protocol follows the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines. DISCUSSION: TEACH-PD is a registry-based, cluster-randomized pragmatic trial that aims to provide high-certainty evidence about whether an ISPD guideline-informed standardized PD training curriculum for PD nurse trainers and adult patients prevents PD-related infections. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03816111. Registered on 24 January 2019.
Peritoneal Dialysis , Peritonitis , Adult , Humans , Curriculum , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , Peritonitis/diagnosis , Peritonitis/etiology , Peritonitis/prevention & control , Pragmatic Clinical Trials as Topic , Quality of Life , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PURPOSE: When submitted to mutilating surgery, patients with head and neck cancer may present profound physical and psychosocial changes, temporary or definitive, with an individual impact and family. The most frequent human responses to this health condition are subjective, particularly concerning body image and self-esteem. Differential validation emerges to provide nurses with clinical indicators for clinical reasoning and planning of effective interventions, considering the specific defining characteristics of each diagnosis. This study aimed at conducting a differential clinical validation of the nursing diagnoses of disturbed body image and low situational self-esteem in patients with head and neck cancer using Q methodology. METHOD: We performed an observational cross-sectional study using Q methodology. Thirty-eight participants were included. Data were analyzed using Q methodology procedures. The research and ethics committee approved the study. FINDINGS: Factor analysis was performed, and eight defining characteristics were identified for the diagnosis of disturbed body image and one for situational low self-esteem: avoiding looking at one's body, avoiding touching one's body, the behavior of monitoring one's body, depersonalization of body part by use of impersonal pronouns, focus on past appearance, focus on past function, negative feeling about body, and refusal at acknowledging change and helplessness. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the Q methodology in this process of differential validation allowed the study of two diagnoses of a subjective nature, disclosing the most specific defining characteristics of each and contributing to increasing the knowledge of these human responses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This study contributes to a better understanding of the predominant defining characteristics of the diagnoses under study. In terms of the NANDA-I taxonomy, it helps to raise the levels of evidence for diagnoses. Using a qualitative and quantitative methodology allows for maintaining a more holistic research approach and greater rigor and acceptance of the results.
OBJETIVO: Os doentes com cancro de cabeça e pescoço, submetidos a cirurgias mutilantes, apresentam profundas alterações físicas e psicossociais, temporárias ou definitivas, com impacto no indivíduo e na família. As respostas humanas mais frequentes nestes processos de doença são de natureza subjetiva, principalmente relacionados à imagem corporal e à autoestima. A validação diferencial surge com o objetivo de fornecer aos enfermeiros indicadores clínicos para raciocínio clínico e planeamento de intervenções efetivas, considerando as características definidoras específicas de cada diagnóstico. Realizar validação clínica diferencial dos diagnósticos de enfermagem distúrbio da imagem corporal e baixa autoestima situacional em doentes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, utilizando a metodologia Q. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional transversal com metodologia Q. Trinta e oito participantes foram incluídos. Foi usada a metodologia Q para analisar os dados. A comissão de ética e de investigação aprovou o estudo. RESULTADOS: Foi realizada análise fatorial, sendo identificadas oito características definidoras para o diagnóstico de imagem corporal perturbada e uma para baixa autoestima situacional: Evitar olhar para o seu corpo, evitar tocar no corpo, comportamento de monitorização do corpo, despersonalização da perda através do uso de pronomes impessoais, foco na aparência passada, foco em função do passado, sentimento negativo acerca do corpo, recusa em reconhecer a mudança e desamparo. CONCLUSÕES: A utilização da metodologia Q, neste processo de validação diferencial, permitiu o estudo de dois diagnósticos de natureza subjetiva numa população vulnerável, contribuindo para aumentar o conhecimento das suas necessidades. IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM: Contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das características definidoras predominantes dos diagnósticos em estudo. Em termos da taxonomia NANDA - I, ajuda a elevar os níveis de evidência para diagnósticos. A utilização de uma metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa permite manter uma abordagem de investigação mais holística e um maior rigor e aceitação dos resultados.
PURPOSE: This review aimed to analyze the use of differential validation of nursing diagnosis. METHODS: Integrative literature review with search on international databases. The diagnoses, the type of the diagnosis differential validation, the sample, the method, main results, and the limitations were extracted. Ten studies were included. FINDINGS: Differential diagnostic validation publication dates from 1994, and Brazil was the predominant country. CONCLUSIONS: This method seems helpful in improving diagnosis accuracy, particularly those related to subjective, behavioral, or complex human responses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Using this model may facilitate understanding the specificity of nursing diagnosis, which is critical for teaching clinical reasoning and for new opportunities to research.
OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta revisão foi analisar a utilização da validação diferencial de diagnósticos de enfermagem. MÉTODOS: Revisão integrativa da literatura com pesquisa em bases de dados internacionais. Foram extraídos dados referentes ao tipo de diagnóstico, validação diferencial, amostra, metodologia, principais resultados e limitações. Foram incluídos 10 estudos. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas publicações desde 1994, sendo o Brasil o país predominante. CONCLUSÕES: Este modelo parece ser útil para melhorar a precisão do diagnóstico, particularmente aqueles relacionados a respostas humanas subjetivas, comportamentais ou complexas. IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA: O uso deste modelo pode facilitar a compreensão da especificidade do diagnóstico de enfermagem, que é fundamental para o ensino do raciocínio clínico, para novas oportunidades de pesquisa.
Nursing Diagnosis , Brazil , Humans
