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1.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; (Monografía n 8): 105-122, Jun 23, 2023. tab
Article Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-222468

El diagnóstico microbiológico es esencial en el conocimiento y manejo de las enfermedadesinfecciosas, tanto en los procesos habituales de la práctica clínica como en la aparición denuevos microorganismos, como en los próximos que puedan aparecer con el cambio climáticoy la nueva situación de los vectores que transmiten enfermedades en nuestro medio. El 11 de marzo 2020 la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró la alerta por pandemiamundial por SARS-CoV-2 que se descubrió y se aisló por primera vez en Wuhan, China, en unbrote de neumonía de etiología desconocida vinculada a un mercado. Es una infección quetiene un origen zoonótico, se transmitió de un huésped animal a uno humano. Actualmente nose conoce de forma clara de dónde proviene el SARS-CoV-2. A principios de enero de 2020, científicos chinos anunciaron que habían aislado y secuenciadocompletamente el virus y lo publicaron; esto permitió disponer de técnicas de PCR para realizar eldiagnóstico de la infección por SARS Cov2 en todo el mundo. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisarel papel llevado a cabo desde el Servicio de Microbiología Clínica del Hospital Universitario deNavarra en la pandemia de COVID-19 y, en concreto, en nuestra comunidad, Navarra. Más de dos años después y, sin dejar de lado el profundo impacto sanitario, familiar y socialque ha tenido, debemos quedarnos con lo positivo del aprendizaje profesional y personaladquirido para aplicarlo en nuestro día a día, así como para las futuras pandemias que vengan.(AU)


Humans , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/microbiology , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Pandemics , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Communicable Diseases/microbiology , Delivery of Health Care , Public Health , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis
2.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 38(9): 410-416, nov. 2020. tab, mapas
Article Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-198624

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer, mediante una encuesta nacional, los métodos y técnicas empleados para el diagnóstico de Helicobacter pylori (Hp) en los distintos servicios/laboratorios de microbiología clínica en España, así como datos de resistencia antibiótica. MÉTODOS: En la encuesta se preguntaba sobre los métodos de diagnóstico realizados (serología, detección de antígeno en heces, cultivo de biopsias gástricas y PCR) y por la realización de pruebas de sensibilidad antibiótica. También fueron solicitados el número de muestras procesadas en 2016, la positividad de cada técnica empleada y porcentajes de resistencia antibiótica. La encuesta fue enviada por correo electrónico entre octubre y diciembre de 2017 a los responsables de 198 laboratorios de microbiología clínica. RESULTADOS: En total, 51 centros de 29 provincias respondieron a la encuesta y 48 de ellos realizaban algún tipo de técnica de diagnóstico de Hp en su laboratorio. En cuanto a las técnicas empleadas, el cultivo de biopsia gástrica fue el más utilizado (37/48), seguido de la detección de antígeno en heces (35/48), la serología (19/48) y la PCR (5/48). Respecto a la sensibilidad antibiótica, se observaron altas tasas de resistencia, especialmente a metronidazol y claritromicina (superiores al 33%). CONCLUSIÓN: El cultivo de biopsia gástrica fue la técnica diagnóstica de Hp utilizada por más centros, mientras que la detección de antígeno en heces mediante inmunocromatografía fue con la que se analizaron el mayor número de muestras. En España, en la actualidad, es preocupante el aumento de resistencia de Hp a antibióticos de «primera línea»


INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to know, through a national survey, the methods and techniques used for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in the different Clinical Microbiology Services/Laboratories in Spain, as well as antibiotic resistance data. METHODS: The survey requested information about the diagnostic methods performed for Hp detection in Clinical Microbiology laboratories, including serology, stool antigen, culture from gastric biopsies, and PCR. In addition, the performance of antibiotic susceptibility was collected. Data on the number of samples processed in 2016, positivity of each technique and resistance data were requested. The survey was sent by email (October-December 2017) to the heads of 198 Clinical Microbiology Laboratories in Spain. RESULTS: Overall, 51 centers from 29 regions answered the survey and 48/51 provided Hp microbiological diagnostic testing. Concerning the microbiological methods used to diagnose Hp infection, the culture of gastric biopsies was the most frequent (37/48), followed by stool antigen detection (35/48), serology (19/48) and biopsy PCR (5/48). Regarding antibiotic resistance, high resistance rates were observed, especially in metronidazole and clarithromycin (over 33%). CONCLUSION: Culture of gastric biopsies was the most frequent method for detection of Hp, but the immunochromatographic stool antigen test was the one with which the largest number of samples were analyzed. Nowadays, in Spain, it concerns the problem of increased antibiotic resistance to 'first-line' antibiotics


Humans , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Health Care Surveys , Helicobacter Infections/microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification , Biopsy , Serologic Tests , Chromatography, Affinity , Sensitivity and Specificity , Surveys and Questionnaires , Spain , Drug Resistance, Bacterial
3.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 38(9): 410-416, 2020 Nov.
Article En, Es | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31987710

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to know, through a national survey, the methods and techniques used for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in the different Clinical Microbiology Services/Laboratories in Spain, as well as antibiotic resistance data. METHODS: The survey requested information about the diagnostic methods performed for Hp detection in Clinical Microbiology laboratories, including serology, stool antigen, culture from gastric biopsies, and PCR. In addition, the performance of antibiotic susceptibility was collected. Data on the number of samples processed in 2016, positivity of each technique and resistance data were requested. The survey was sent by email (October-December 2017) to the heads of 198 Clinical Microbiology Laboratories in Spain. RESULTS: Overall, 51 centers from 29 regions answered the survey and 48/51 provided Hp microbiological diagnostic testing. Concerning the microbiological methods used to diagnose Hp infection, the culture of gastric biopsies was the most frequent (37/48), followed by stool antigen detection (35/48), serology (19/48) and biopsy PCR (5/48). Regarding antibiotic resistance, high resistance rates were observed, especially in metronidazole and clarithromycin (over 33%). CONCLUSION: Culture of gastric biopsies was the most frequent method for detection of Hp, but the immunochromatographic stool antigen test was the one with which the largest number of samples were analyzed. Nowadays, in Spain, it concerns the problem of increased antibiotic resistance to 'first-line' antibiotics.


Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Helicobacter Infections , Helicobacter pylori , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Spain
4.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 36(10): 640-643, dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-176929

INTRODUCCIÓN: La linfadenitis cervical es la infección más frecuente por micobacterias no tuberculosas (MNT) en niños inmunocompetentes, principalmente menores de 5 años. Durante años se ha considerado a Mycobacterium lentiflavum (M. lentiflavum) una inusual MNT causante de esta patología. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional desde 2009 a 2016, que incluyó a pacientes pediátricos del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús de Madrid, diagnosticados clínicamente y microbiológicamente de linfadenitis cervical por MNT. RESULTADOS: En el periodo estudiado se registraron 28 casos de linfadenitis cervical. En 23 (82,14%) pacientes se aisló M. lentiflavum y en 5 (17,85%), Mycobacterium avium. De los 23 pacientes con infección por M. lentiflavum, la localización más frecuente fue la submandibular (43,47%), 15 (65,21%) fueron niños, la media de edad global fue de 30,8 meses y todos los casos evolucionaron satisfactoriamente. CONCLUSIÓN: M. lentiflavum debe ser considerado como un importante patógeno emergente causante de linfadenitis cervical en población pediátrica


INTRODUCTION: Cervical lymphadenitis is the most common nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in immunocompetent children, mainly in those under 5years. For many years Mycobacterium lentiflavum (M. lentiflavum) has been considered a rare NTM causing lymphadenitis. METHODS: A restrospective study was performed in pediatric patients with microbiologically confirmed NTM cervical lympahdenitis at the Niño Jesús Hospital in Madrid during 2009-2016. RESULTS: During the period studied, 28 cases of cervical lymphadenitis were recorded. In 23 (82.14%) and in 5 (17,85%) cases, M. lentiflavum and Mycobacterium avium were isolated, respectively. In those patients infected with M. lentiflavum, the most frequent location was sub-maxilar (43.47%); 15 (65.21%) were boys, global median age was 30,8 months and all cases showed a satisfactory evolution. CONCLUSION: We propose that M. lentiflavum should be considered an important emergent pathogen cause of cervical lymphadenitis in the pediatric population


Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/diagnosis , Mycobacterium/classification , Mycobacterium/isolation & purification , Retrospective Studies , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Observational Study
5.
Rev Iberoam Micol ; 35(3): 155-158, 2018.
Article Es | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30274954

BACKGROUND: Dematiaceous fungal genus Curvularia is a causal agent of keratitis, onychomycosis, and skin infections. In 2014, using DNA sequencing techniques, five new species, including Curvularia hominis, were described. In this article, a report is presented on the first clinical case of C.hominis infection in Spain. It concerns a corneal ulcer caused by this recently described species. CASE REPORT: A 46 year-old male patient with a corneal ulcer in his left eye went to the Emergency Department. Specimens were obtained from the lesion, and the patient was admitted due to the risk of corneal perforation. The fungal culture of the specimens revealed a filamentous fungus that was identified by microscopic examination as Curvulariaspp. Using mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) the isolate was identified as Curvularia lunata. To confirm the identification, the isolate was sent to the National Centre of Microbiology in Spain, where ITS region sequencing was performed, and it was finally identified as C.hominis. The patient received voriconazole and progressed favourably. To repair the corneal damage, the patient received an amniotic membrane transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: C.hominis should be considered a causal agent of keratitis and sequencing techniques are now necessary for species-level identification of Curvularia isolates. This is the first case report in Spain caused by this species.


Ascomycota , Corneal Ulcer/microbiology , Eye Infections, Fungal , Corneal Ulcer/diagnosis , Corneal Ulcer/therapy , Eye Infections, Fungal/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Fungal/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Spain
6.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 35(3): 155-158, jul.-sept. 2018. ilus
Article Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-179577

Antecedentes: Curvularia es un género fúngico dematiáceo responsable de queratitis, onicomicosis e infecciones de piel. En 2014, gracias a la secuenciación, se describieron cinco nuevas especies dentro del género, entre ellas Curvularia hominis. En este trabajo se describe el primer caso clínico de infección por C.hominis en España. Se trata de un caso de úlcera corneal producida por esta especie recientemente descubierta. Caso clínico: Un varón de 46 años acudió a urgencias por presentar una úlcera corneal en el ojo izquierdo. Se le tomó muestra de la lesión e ingresó en el hospital por riesgo de perforación corneal. El cultivo de la muestra reveló un hongo filamentoso cuyo examen microscópico permitió identificar como Curvulariaspp. Mediante espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF el hongo fue identificado como Curvularia lunata. Para confirmar la identificación se envió el aislamiento al Centro Nacional de Microbiología de España, donde se llevó a cabo la secuenciación de la región ITS y finalmente se identificó como C.hominis. El paciente fue tratado con voriconazol y evolucionó favorablemente. Para la recuperación de la córnea dañada fue sometido a un trasplante de membrana amniótica. Conclusiones: C.hominis debe ser considerado un agente causal de queratitis y en la actualidad las técnicas de secuenciación son necesarias para su identificación. Este caso clínico constituye el primero descrito en España producido por esta especie


Background: Dematiaceous fungal genus Curvularia is a causal agent of keratitis, onychomycosis, and skin infections. In 2014, using DNA sequencing techniques, five new species, including Curvularia hominis, were described. In this article, a report is presented on the first clinical case of C.hominis infection in Spain. It concerns a corneal ulcer caused by this recently described species. Case report: A 46 year-old male patient with a corneal ulcer in his left eye went to the Emergency Department. Specimens were obtained from the lesion, and the patient was admitted due to the risk of corneal perforation. The fungal culture of the specimens revealed a filamentous fungus that was identified by microscopic examination as Curvulariaspp. Using mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) the isolate was identified as Curvularia lunata. To confirm the identification, the isolate was sent to the National Centre of Microbiology in Spain, where ITS region sequencing was performed, and it was finally identified as C.hominis. The patient received voriconazole and progressed favourably. To repair the corneal damage, the patient received an amniotic membrane transplantation. Conclusions: C.hominis should be considered a causal agent of keratitis and sequencing techniques are now necessary for species-level identification of Curvularia isolates. This is the first case report in Spain caused by this species


Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Keratitis/microbiology , Eye Infections, Fungal/microbiology , Corneal Ulcer/microbiology , Fungi/classification , Fungi/isolation & purification , Voriconazole/therapeutic use , Sequence Analysis, DNA
7.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 36(10): 640-643, 2018 Dec.
Article En, Es | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29395439

INTRODUCTION: Cervical lymphadenitis is the most common nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection in immunocompetent children, mainly in those under 5years. For many years Mycobacterium lentiflavum (M. lentiflavum) has been considered a rare NTM causing lymphadenitis. METHODS: A restrospective study was performed in pediatric patients with microbiologically confirmed NTM cervical lympahdenitis at the Niño Jesús Hospital in Madrid during 2009-2016. RESULTS: During the period studied, 28 cases of cervical lymphadenitis were recorded. In 23 (82.14%) and in 5 (17,85%) cases, M. lentiflavum and Mycobacterium avium were isolated, respectively. In those patients infected with M. lentiflavum, the most frequent location was sub-maxilar (43.47%); 15 (65.21%) were boys, global median age was 30,8 months and all cases showed a satisfactory evolution. CONCLUSION: We propose that M. lentiflavum should be considered an important emergent pathogen cause of cervical lymphadenitis in the pediatric population.


Lymphadenitis/microbiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Lymphadenitis/diagnosis , Lymphadenitis/epidemiology , Lymphadenitis/therapy , Male , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/therapy , Neck , Retrospective Studies
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