Imidazolium-based ionic liquids for the efficient treatment of iron gall inked papers.

Iron gall inks have been known since Roman times, were widely used in the Medieval Age, and became the most used ink in the Renaissance period. They were still officially used by the German Government as recently as 1973. The two main constituents of the ink are tannic acid and ferrous sulfate (vitriol). The vitriol normally used was not very pure and likely contained a mixture of iron sulfate with traces of other metals, in particular, copper. Certain transition-metal ions contained in iron gall inks and their acidity are known to deteriorate paper. Therefore, stabilization treatments consist of deacidification and the addition of antioxidants. To this end, the use of tetraalkylammonium bromides was recently proposed. Here, it is shown that 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide both in aqueous and in alcoholic solution can prevent the oxidative deterioration of cellulose. Furthermore, it does not lead to the yellowing of paper nor does it significantly affect the colour of the ink.

The cyclooligomerization of arylethynes in ionic liquids catalysed by ruthenium porphyrins: a case of real catalyst recycling.

An efficient cyclooligomerization of arylethynes, catalysed by ruthenium(II) porphyrins in environmentally friendly ionic liquids, with an effective recycling of the catalyst and easy isolation of the products is described.