[The multi-central clinical laboratory study of precision of the portative glucometer "Satellite Plus"].

The analysis of 482 blood samples of patients with diabetes mellitus type I and II and healthy persons was made using the portative glucometer "Satellite Plus". The comparison with reference analyzer was made. The results of clinical laboratory tests demonstrated that this glucometer meets the precision requirements of inter-national standard ISO 15197:2003 (97.5% of results are in the limits of standard deviation). The evaluation of results using the technique of analysis of errors array for patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 demonstrated that 99.4% (479 out of 482) were in zone A i.e. are clinically accurate results. The measurement results capable to negatively impact the clinical course of disease, to represent significant medical risk and to result in dangerous outcomes were not registered. So, the portative glucometer "Satellite Plus" can be recommended to detect the concentration of glucose in capillary blood for self-control of the glycaemia level in patients with diabetes mellitus. The device can be applied too for express-diagnostics in conditions of emergency medical care rendering by medical personnel.

[The clinical laboratory evaluation of accuracy of portable glucometers "Satellite Express" and "Satellite Express mini"].

The portable glucometers "Satellite Express" and "Satellite Express mini" were applied during 35 days to analyze 200 blood samples of patients with diabetes mellitus type I and II and of healthy people. The results were compared with the data of reference analyzer The results of clinical laboratory trials revealed that these glucometers have enough degree of accuracy detection of glucose in capillary blood - 100% of results are within the permissible limits as directed by ISO 15197:2003. Furthermore, 98.3% of results are within the limits of +/- 15% from reference analyzer results. Thereby, the glucometers "Satellite Express" and "Satellite Express mini" can be recommended to detect the glucose concentration in capillary blood for the purpose of glycaemia level self-control by patients with diabetes mellitus. The devices can also be used by medical personnel for express diagnostics in case of emergency care.

[Glucophot BP-"M" analyzer for blood analysis]. / Analizator Gliukofot BP-"M" dlia opredeleniia gliukozy v krovi.

Miniature analyzer Glucophot BP-"M", intended for express measurements of glucose concentrations in capillary blood, was tested under clinical conditions. The reference method was the hexokinase method for glucose measurements on a Spectrum 11 biochemical analyzer (Abbott); in addition, glucose measurements were carried out on a One Touch-11 glucometer (Johnson-Johnson). The results evidence that the reproducibility and correctness of glucose analysis by the Glucophot BP-"M" analyzer both in health and disease met the requirements to laboratory measurements performed by "dry" chemical methods and demonstrated its high analytical reliability.

[Kidney lesions in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Osobennosti porazheniia pochek pri insulinnezavisimom sakharnom diabete (SD II tipa).

Because little is known about disordered metabolism of uric acid as a pathogenetic mechanism of renal damage in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) it was studied in 75 NIDDM and 48 IDDM patients. Clinical examination of the patients included evaluation of purin metabolism according to serum uric acid, diurnal urine excretion, uric acid clearance. Hyperuricemia occurred more frequently in NIDDM. Positive correlation was observed between hyperuricosuria and the severity of diabetic nephropathy which was more pronounced in IDDM.

[Activities of antioxidant defense enzymes in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Aktivnost' fermentov antioksidantnoi zashchity pri insulinzavisimom sakharnom diabete u detei.

Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in 60 children aged 5 to 15 with insulin-dependent diabetes of various degrees of compensation and duration. Measurements of glutathione peroxidase were found to be the most informative marker of the status of antioxidant defense system.

[Endemic goiter in Moscow and Moscow region]. / Sostoianie zobnoi éndemii v Moskve i Moskovskoi oblasti.

Goiter prevalence and iodine excretion levels were assessed in schoolchildren aged 9 and 13 in the city of Moscow (n = 91) and the Moscow region, 60 km East of Moscow (n = 92). Goiter prevalence was evaluated by ultrasonography. In Moscow it was found to be 31.1% among children aged 9 and 17.5% among those aged 13. The respective values in the Moscow region were 47.2 and 39.3%. Medium urinary iodine levels were 6.9 to 7.5 micrograms/dl in Moscow and 4.1 to 5.4 micrograms/dl in the region. According to modern criteria, iodine deficiency in Moscow may be regarded as mild and in the region as moderate. Control programs are urgently needed tc prevent development of iodine deficiency disorders.

[Osteopenic syndrome in liquidators of the aftereffects of the accident at the Chernobyl power plant]. / Osteopenicheskii sindrom u uchastnikov likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi atomnoi élektrostantsii.

Bone system was examined in 112 liquidators; in 71 of these osseous tissue density was studied by osseous densitometer using bienergetic x-ray absorptiometry and in 45 x-ray examinations, analyses of biochemical and hormonal parameters were carried out. Spinal painful syndrome was detected in 61 to 82% of the examinees. For analysis of densitometric and x-ray parameters the liquidators were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included those who worked at the power plant in 1986 (55%) and group 2 were those who worked there in 1987-1989. Radiation doses in group 1 reliably surpassed those in group 2 (p < 0.001). Bone mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae was significantly lower in group 1 as against group 2 and lower in both groups vs. controls. More than 5% osseous mineral loss was revealed in 73% of group 1 liquidators and in 43% of group 2 ones. Analysis of spinal roentgenograms in 45 liquidators showed a high incidence of negligible and moderately expressed osteoporosis without compression fractures of vertebral bodies: osteopenia signs were found in 87% of group 1 examinees complaining of pain in the spine and in 73% of group 2 examinees; signs of osteochondrosis and spondylosis were detected in 40% of group 1 and in 47% of group 2 subjects. Hence, a higher incidence of osteopenia in liquidators, more manifest condition and its higher detection rate in subjects exposed to higher radiation doses indicate a certain contribution of radiation factor to the development of the osteopenia syndrome in liquidators.

[Bone tissue in patients with hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism]. / Sostoianie kostnoi tkani u bol'nykh s giperprolaktinemicheskim gipogonadizmom.

Sixteen women with hyperprolactinemia were examined for Ca metabolism, osseous metabolism, mineral saturation of bone tissue in the thoracic portion of the spine and radius. Lowered mineral saturation of the thoracic vertebrae was detected in 69% of the examinees, that of the distal segment of the radius in 44%. Reduction of the mineral saturation of the spine was in negative correlation with the blood prolactin level and length of amenorrhea. No changes in the bone resorption biochemistry or Ca metabolism were detected. A marked reduction of blood osteocalcin level that reflects osteoblast function was detected, its blood concentration being in negative correlation with prolactin level. No relationships between mineral saturation of bone tissue, prolactin, and osteocalcin, on the one hand, and blood estradiol level, on the other, were observed. These data suggest that osteopathy in hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism is due to reduced bone formation and not to reduced estradiol production.

[Heart valve bioprostheses of the "Bionix" series. 6-year experience with the mitral valve replacement]. / Bioprotezy klapanov serdtsa serii "Bioniks". 6-letnii opyt zameshcheniia mitral'nogo klapana.

The main cause of cardiac valve bioprosthesis dysfunction is mechanical rupture of the cusps consequent upon the development of "fatigue" tensions and calcification of the biologic tissue. The technology of "Bionix" prostheses manufacturing implies prevention of these complications by means of supporting frameworks of variable rigidity (dumping stroke loads) and the use of a calcinosis inhibitor in the process of chemical stabilization. Experimental research confirms the certain effectiveness of such an approach to solving the problem of bioprosthesis durability. Experience in clinical application of biological valves of this series showed that by the 5th postoperative year the stability of good results was 90.0 +/- 2.2%; absence of thromboembolic complications in 93.3 +/- 2.4%, and no need to operate because of dysfunction of the bioprosthesis in 96.6 +/- 2.1%.

[Changes in the liver circulation and kidney function during pulsatile and non-pulsatile perfusion]. / Izmeneniia pechenochnogo krovotoka i funktsii pochek v usloviiakh pul'siruiushchei i nepul'siruiushchei perfuzii.

Pulsatile flow perfusion (PFP) requires smaller volume of additional infusion. Extravascular hyperhydration is more marked after nonpulsatile flow perfusion (NPFP). In NPFP there is an increase in free water clearance, lower urinary osmolality and diuresis rate. PFP prevents urinary hypoosmolality and retains baseline values of free water clearance. No significant differences in Na+ urinary excretion have been revealed. Bilirubinemia level following NPFP was significantly higher than the baseline level, while following PFP the level of total and bound bilirubin remained unchanged. No differences in the total hepatic flow have been observed during pulsatile and nonpulsatile flow perfusion.

[Clinico-laboratory parallels in children with aggravated heredity of cholelithiasis]. / Kliniko-laboratornye paralleli u detei s otiagoshchennoi nasledstvennost'iu po zhelchnokamennoi bolezni.

A comprehensive examination of children with aggravated heredity regarding cholelithiasis revealed in the majority of them the first stage of cholelithiasis, namely abnormalities in physicochemical properties of the bile. It is demonstrated that formation of the pathology under consideration is promoted by combination of such factors as hereditary aggravation regarding cholelithiasis, complications of the perinatal period, vegetative disturbance, biliary dyskinesia, and derangement of the intestinal flora.

[Fluorimetric determination of UDP-glucuronyltransferase and sulfotransferase activity in human blood cells]. / Fliuorimetricheskoe opredelenie aktivnosti UDF-gliukuroniltransferazy i sul'fotransferazy v kletkakh krovi cheloveka.

Activity of UDP-glucuronosyl transferase and sulfotransferase, the enzymes participating in the second step of xenobiotics metabolism, was studied using 4-methyl umbellipherone in human granulocytes, thrombocytes and lymphocytes. A simple procedure is described for production of 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate coenzyme of sulfotransferase. The data obtained in the course of fluorimetric estimation of activity of these conjugases corresponded to the results of an isotope technique.

[A method of separate determination of enzymuria associated with impairment of glomerular filtration in kidney tissue]. / Sposob razdel'nogo opredeleniia fermenturii, sviazannoi s povrezhdeniem glomeruliarnogo fil'tra i pochechnoi tkani.

Possibility of separate estimation of urinary enzymes after impairment of glomerular system and kidney tissue was considered theoretically. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were studied in blood serum and urine of II patients with nephrotic syndrome (4 patients with nephrotic form of glomerulonephritis and 7 patients with mixed form of glomerulonephritis). Urinary enzymes derived from blood serum constituted 20-30% of total enzymatic activity in urine of the patients with mixed form of glomerulonephritis and it was related only to the blood serum enzymes with relatively low molecular mass and high activity (alkaline phosphatase and LDH). The results obtained are consistent with the published data showing that kidney tissue is mainly responsible for appearance of the enzymes in urine.

[Clinical significance of enzymuria in glomerulonephritis in children]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie fermenturii pri glomerulonefrite u detei.

The authors presented the results of a study of enzymuria (cholinesterase, gamma-glutamine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase and lactate dehydrogenase with separate determination of N- and M-subunits) in 20 patients with a mixed form of glomerulonephritis (GN), 36 with the nephrotic form of GN and 13 patients with the hematuric form of GN. The clinical importance of the determination of enzymatic activity in the urine in GN of children lies in the recognition of the degree of damage of the glomerular filter as well as the nephrothelium. Basing on enzymuria pathophysiological syndromes found in various combinations in the above forms of GN were identified. Three degrees of damage of the permeability of the glomerular filter were defined for high molecular proteins. Differences in individual values of the activity of some enzymes gave rise to differential-diagnostic coefficients as well as differential-diagnostic tables which could be used for differential diagnosis between the GN mixed and nephrotic forms.