Adult Versus Pediatric Relapse and Recurrence in Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome.

PURPOSE: Orbital inflammatory syndrome (OIS) is a diagnosis of exclusion that has a variable presentation and unpredictable course. Many studies report incomplete or lack of OIS resolution with high recurrence and relapse rates. No studies to date have investigated the characteristics of both recurrence and relapse in OIS. We sought to determine this in both pediatric and adult patients. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 56 patients with OIS was performed between 2004 and 2018. Forty-one patients were identified as adults greater than 18 years of age and 15 were identified as pediatric patients less than 18 years of age. RESULTS: Among 56 (41 adult and 15 pediatric) cases of OIS, 18 cases of recurrent disease (32.1%) were identified and 15 (26.8%) patients experienced relapses. All 6 (100%) pediatric patients that had recurrent disease initially suffered from relapses. In contrast, only 1 of the 12 (8.3%) recurrent adult cases initially experienced relapse. Of the 18 patients with recurrent disease, 9 (50%) had multiple recurrences. Underlying etiologies were confirmed in 5 of 18 recurrent cases (27.8%) and 5 of 38 (13.2%) non-recurrent cases. Of the 5 patients with recurrent OIS and an identified etiology, all 5 (100%) demonstrated multiple recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric cases, relapse was more common and prior episodes of relapse were predictive of later recurrence. Recurrence was relatively common in both groups with half of the patients having multiple recurrences. Identifiable underlying etiologies were more common in patients with recurrent OIS and those cases all demonstrated multiple recurrences.

RETINAL TELANGIECTASIA ASSOCIATED WITH OPTIC DISK PIT MACULOPATHY.

PURPOSE: To report a case of optic pit maculopathy with retinoschisis-like edema with a rare finding of retinal telangiectasia. METHODS: Retrospective case report. RESULTS: A 22-year-old white man with a right optic pit presented with blurry vision and was found to have optic pit maculopathy with retinoschisis-like macular edema and retinal telangiectasia along the superior-temporal arcade. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy with separation of posterior vitreous and inner retinal fenestration. Upon follow-up, retinal telangiectasia was resolved and retinoschisis-like edema was mostly resolved 2 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: Retinal telangiectasia seen in optic disk maculopathy may be secondary to ischemia induced by the intense stretching of the superficial vascular plexus in the inner retina because of macular edema. In our patient, when traction was relieved following surgical intervention, there was remodeling of the superficial vascular plexus that allowed for resolution of the retinal telangiectasia.

Reversible retinoschisis following high voltage electrical injury evaluated with optical coherence tomography and electrophysiology.

PURPOSE: To report a carefully studied case of high voltage electrical injury of the retina and optic nerve with anatomically reversible retinoschisis. METHODS: Observational case report. RESULTS: A 22 year old power company worker was electrocuted with 12,000 V, with his left forehead being the exit point of the current. After regaining consciousness he reported decreased vision with both eyes. He was extensively tested with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCT-A), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), full field electroretinography (ffERG), visual evoked potentials (VEP), and Goldmann-type Octopus automated perimetry in addition to careful clinical examinations. Our investigations revealed severe visual field constriction in both eyes, severe coagulative damage leading to inner and outer retinal atrophy, subretinal fluid collection, retinoschisis cavities, and papillitis. Initially he was treated with 100 mg prednisone per day for one week and 250 mg acetazolamide per day which was continued for 3 months. Over time the OCT signs of retinoschisis resolved but visual acuity and visual field improvement did not occur. CONCLUSION: Resolution of retinoschisis cavities following electrical damage does not necessarily lead to improvement in visual function due to the many accompanying structural injuries.

Effects of Aspirin on Postoperative Bruising and Bleeding Complications in Upper Eyelid Surgery.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of aspirin versus placebo in patients undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty and/or levator advancement or plication blepharoptosis repair in this randomized, prospective study. METHODS: Patients who presented between October 2017 and April 2019 requiring blepharoptosis repair and/or upper eyelid blepharoplasty who were taking 81 mg aspirin were randomized to receive 1 week of aspirin tablets or 1 week of placebo tablets prior to surgery. Postoperative complications, such as bleeding, hematoma, or hemorrhage, were noted as well as perioperative thromboembolic complications. Photos were obtained at the patient's first postoperative visit and later judged on bruising severity. The 2 groups were subsequently compared. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients and 89 eyelids were evaluated in this study. Fifty-two eyelids were included in the aspirin group and 37 eyelids were included in the placebo group. There was no statistically significant difference in bruising rating between groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of patients who experienced mild postoperative bleeding. No patients experienced vision loss. No patients experienced a thromboembolic event. There were no patients who experienced hemorrhage, hematoma, or retrobulbar hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Continuation of aspirin does not appear to effect outcomes with respect to postoperative bruising in patients undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty or blepharoptosis repair. The study was not powered to determine statistical significance with regard to bleeding complications and would require a significantly higher sample size. We suggest changing the current guidelines to recommend routine continuation of low dose 81 mg aspirin before upper eyelid surgery.

INDUCIBLE TRANSIENT CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY VASOSPASM: A CASE REPORT.

PURPOSE: To report a case of inducible transient central retinal artery vasospasm with associated imaging. METHODS: Observational case report. RESULTS: A 51-year-old man presented for outpatient follow-up for recurrent inducible transient vision loss in his right eye. He experienced an episode during examination and was found to have central retinal artery vasospasm. Fundus photography and fluorescein angiography obtained during his vasospastic attack confirmed retinal arterial vasospasm. Treatment with a calcium-channel blocker (nifedipine) has been effective in preventing recurrent attacks. CONCLUSION: Idiopathic primary vasospasm is a rare cause of transient vision loss that is difficult to confirm because of the transient nature. We obtained imaging showing the initiation and resolution of the vasospastic event. The patient was then successfully treated with a calcium-channel blocker.

Intravenous Prostaglandin E1 Infusion for Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of systemic prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion within the first 24 hours of acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was analyzed in a case series of six eyes from six patients (mean age: 69.33 years) with acute CRAO who were treated with twice-daily intravenous infusion of 40 µg PGE1. Therapy continued until the patient no longer experienced visual acuity improvements for 24 hours. RESULTS: Average time to presentation was 8.33 hours (range: 2 to 12 hours). The logMAR BCVA at presentation was 2.73. BCVA at the final visit 1 month after initial presentation was 1.48 (P = .025). All patients experienced vision improvement. No systemic adverse events were experienced. CONCLUSION: Intravenous PGE1 infusion resulted in significant visual improvement in patients presenting with acute CRAO and is well tolerated with few adverse effects. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:S5-S8.].

Aggressive glabellar angiomyxoma with orbital extension.

A 62-year-old male presented with a large non-tender mass in the glabella, extending into the right orbit that had been steadily growing for 6 months. Imaging revealed a 2.5 x 1.8 cm cystic mass with extension into the right anterior orbit. Biopsy with microscopic examination revealed a predominantly myxoid stroma containing spindle-shaped cells with bipolar cigar-shaped nuclei and small caliber capillary-type vascular proliferations. These findings are consistent with an angiomyxoma. Although angiomyxomas typically present in the pelvic region or peritoneum in female patients, there have been rare examples of angiomyxomas with orbital involvement.