Spleen tyrosine kinase facilitates the progression of papillary thyroid cancer regulated by the hsa_circ_0006417/miR-377-3p axis.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a crucial enzyme that participates in various biological processes, including cancer progression. This study aims to uncover the biological function of SYK in PTC. SYK expression patterns in PTC were evaluated using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blot. Cell function assays were performed to assess the effects of SYK on PTC. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify intriguing microRNA (miRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA). Dual-Luciferase Reporter or RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to investigate the correlation among SYK, miR-377-3p, and hsa_circ_0006417. SYK was upregulated in PTC. Overexpression of SYK exhibited a positive correlation with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and unfavorable disease-free survival. Functional assays revealed that SYK exerted tumorigenic effect on PTC cells through mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0006417 and miR-377-3p regulated SYK expression, offering modulating its tumor-promoting effects. Collectively, SYK acts as an oncogene in PTC through mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway, which is regulated by the hsa_circ_0006417/miR-377-3p axis, thereby providing a potential alternative for PTC treatment.

An image reconstruction method for transmission computed tomography with the constraint of the linear attenuation coefficients.

For the reconstructed image of transmission computed tomography, the linear attenuation coefficients of the diagnosed object may improve the image quality by adding additional constraint besides the projection data. In the present work, an image reconstruction method with the constraint of the linear attenuation coefficients is developed and two models including a classical numerical Shepp-Logan model and a Monte Carlo model are used to show the corresponding benefits. The results indicate that the number of the projection angles is potentially decreased to 1/3 of itself while the quality of the reconstructed image is not deteriorated.

CREBZF mRNA nanoparticles suppress breast cancer progression through a positive feedback loop boosted by circPAPD4.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) negatively impacts the health of women worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of endogenous RNAs considered essential regulatory factor in BC tumorigenesis and progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of circRNAs remain unclear. METHODS: Expression levels of circPAPD4, miR-1269a, CREBZF, and ADAR1 in BC cell lines and tissues were measured using bioinformatics analysis, RT-qPCR, ISH, and IHC. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using CCK8, EdU staining, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. Pearson correlation analysis, RNA pull-down, dual-luciferase reporter, and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to explore the correlation among circPAPD4, miR-1269a, CREBZF, STAT3, and ADAR1. Effects of circPAPD4 overexpression on tumor progression were investigated using in vivo assays. Moreover, CREBZF mRNA delivered by polymeric nanoparticles (CREBZF-mRNA-NPs) was used to examine application value of our findings. RESULTS: CircPAPD4 expression was low in BC tissues and cells. Functionally, circPAPD4 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circPAPD4 biogenesis was regulated by ADAR1. And circPAPD4 promoted CREBZF expression by competitively binding to miR-1269a. More importantly, CREBZF promoted circPAPD4 expression by suppressing STAT3 dimerization and ADAR1 expression, revealing a novel positive feedback loop that curbed BC progression. Systematic delivery of CREBZF-mRNA-NPs effectively induced CREBZF expression and activated the positive feedback loop of circPAPD4/miR-1269a/CREBZF/STAT3/ADAR1, which might suppress BC progression in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION: Our findings firstly illustrated that circPAPD4/miR-1269a/CREBZF/STAT3/ADAR1 positive feedback loop mediated BC progression, and delivering CREBZF mRNA nanoparticles suppressed BC progression in vitro and in vivo, which might provide novel insights into therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.

Nanoparticles Mediated circROBO1 Silencing to Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Modulating miR-130a-5p/CCNT2 Axis.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are becoming vital biomarkers and therapeutic targets for malignant tumors due to their high stability and specificity in tissues. However, biological functions of circRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still not well studied. Methods: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate expression of circROBO1 (hsa_circ_0066568) in HCC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8, colony formation, EdU staining, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis, and xenograft model assays were performed to detect the circROBO1 function in vitro and in vivo. RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and Luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate the relationship among circROBO1, miR-130a-5p, and CCNT2. More importantly, we developed nanoparticles made from poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains as the delivery system of si-circROBO1 and then applied them to HCC in vitro and in mice. Results: circROBO1 was obviously upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, and elevated circROBO1 was closely correlated with worse prognosis for HCC patients. Functionally, knocking down circROBO1 significantly suppressed HCC cells growth in vitro and in mice. Mechanistically, circROBO1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA to downregulate miR-130a-5p, leading to CCNT2 expression upregulation. Furthermore, miR-130a-5p mimic or CCNT2 knockdown reversed the role of circROBO1 overexpression on HCC cells, which demonstrated that circROBO1 promoted HCC development via miR-130a-5p/CCNT2 axis. In addition, we developed nanoparticles loaded with si-circROBO1, named as PLGA-PEG (si-circROBO1) NPs, which significantly prevented the proliferation of HCC cells, and did not exhibit apparent toxicity to major organs in vivo. Conclusion: Our findings firstly demonstrate that circROBO1 overexpression promotes HCC progression by regulating miR-130a-5p/CCNT2 axis, which may serve as an effective nanotherapeutic target for HCC treatment.

Suppressing circIDE/miR-19b-3p/RBMS1 axis exhibits promoting-tumour activity through upregulating GPX4 to diminish ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Ferroptosis is a newly characterized form of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death, which is closely associated with cancer progression. However, the functions and mechanisms in regulation of escaping from ferroptosis during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remain unknown. In this study, we reported that the RNA binding motif single stranded interacting protein 1 (RBMS1) participated in HCC development，and functioned as a regulator of ferroptosis. Clinically, the downregulation of RBMS1 occurred in HCC tissues, and low RBMS1 expression was associated with worse HCC patients survival. Mechanistically, RBMS1 overexpression inhibited HCC cell growth by attenuating the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)and further facilitated ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, a novel circIDE (hsa_circ_0000251) was identified to elevate RBMS1 expression via sponging miR-19b-3p in HCC cells. Collectively, our findings established circIDE/miR-19b-3p/RBMS1 axis as a regulator of ferroptosis, which could be a promising therapeutic target and prognostic factor.

Targeting tumor exosomal circular RNA cSERPINE2 suppresses breast cancer progression by modulating MALT1-NF-𝜠B-IL-6 axis of tumor-associated macrophages.

BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have important regulatory functions in cancer, but the role of circRNAs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. Moreover, we also explore the effects of si-circRNAs loaded in nanoparticles as therapeutic agent for anti-tumor in vivo. METHODS: We conducted bioinformatics analysis, qRT-PCR, EdU assays, Transwell assays, co-culture system and multiple orthotopic xenograft models to investigate the expression and function of circRNAs. Additionally, PLGA-based nanoparticles loaded with si-circRNAs were used to evaluate the potential of nanotherapeutic strategy in anti-tumor response. RESULTS: We identified oncogene SERPINE2 derived circRNA, named as cSERPINE2, which was notably elevated in breast cancer and was closely related to poor clinical outcome. Functionally, tumor exosomal cSERPINE2 was shuttled to tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and enhanced the secretion of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), leading to increased proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, IL-6 in turn increased the EIF4A3 and CCL2 levels within tumor cells in a positive feedback mechanism, further enhancing tumor cSERPINE2 biogenesis and promoting the recruitment of TAMs. More importantly, we developed a PLGA-based nanoparticle loaded with si-cSERPINE2, which effectively attenuated breast cancer progression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our study illustrates a novel mechanism that tumor exosomal cSERPINE2 mediates a positive feedback loop between tumor cells and TAMs to promote cancer progression, which may serve as a promising nanotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.

Splicing factor SNRPA associated with microvascular invasion promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through activating NOTCH1/Snail pathway and is mediated by circSEC62/miR-625-5p axis.

Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a crucial risk factor related to the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the underlying mechanisms remain to be revealed. Characterizing the inherent mechanisms of MVI may aid in the development of effective treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of HCC patients with metastasis. Through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we identified that small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A (SNRPA) was related to MVI in HCC. SNRPA was overexpressed in MVI-HCC and correlated with poor patient survival. Mechanistically, SNRPA promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like process for HCC cells to accelerate metastasis by activating the NOTCH1/Snail pathway in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, circSEC62 upregulated SNRPA expression in HCC cells via miR-625-5p sponging. Taking these results together, our study identified a novel regulatory mechanism among SNRPA, miR-625-5p, circSEC62 and the NOTCH1/Snail pathway in HCC, which promoted metastasis of HCC and may provide effective suggestions for improving the prognosis of HCC patients with metastasis.

The double homeobox a pseudogene 8 accelerates cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in colon cancer.

Double homeobox A pseudogene 8 (DUXAP8) is a known tumor promoter in several malignancies. Nonetheless, its function in colon cancer (CC) is indefinite. Herein, we explored the significance of DUXAP8 and its underlying mechanism in CC. Our data indicated that DUXAP8 was upregulated in CC, and it was related to advanced stages and lymph node metastases. Based on our Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, elevated DUXAP8 expression resulted in shorter patient overall survival (OS). Conversely, DUXAP8 silencing strongly suppressed cellular proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Based on our western blot analysis, DUXAP8 deficiency strongly inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Alternately, DUXAP8 overexpression accelerated cellular proliferation migration and invasion in CC. Finally, silencing DUXAP8 prevented tumorigenesis in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. Collectively, our results demonstrated that DUXAP8 regulates the occurrence and advancement of CC, and may serve as a regulatory hub for this disease.

Enhancing the sensitivity for weak radioactive source detection.

Considering the difficulties of the low signal-to-noise ratio in weak radioactive source detections, this study proposes an abandon Gaussian tails method based on the analysis of the characteristic information denoted by the full-energy peak of the gamma spectrum of a gamma-emitting radioactive source. Based on the study of the signal-to-background ratio and the statistical fluctuations in the signal of the weak radioactive source, a factor ζ, incorporating the statistical fluctuations of signal and background and the signal-to-background ratio, is suggested to characterize the sensitivity of a radioactive source detection. When ζ reaches its maximum value, the optimal counting window around the centroid of the full-energy peak can be obtained. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, comparisons between the proposed abandon Gaussian tails, the conventional full-energy counting, and other experiential methods were performed. The results show that the sensitivity can be significantly improved. Further, experiments with different intensity of radiation sources and duplicated experiments were conducted to examine the stability of the proposed method.

A method to calibrate the n-γ discrimination property of scintillators in low energy region.

Scintillators with n-γ discrimination property are widely used in the measurement of neutrons. In sub MeV region, the n-γ discrimination property will be greatly deteriorated so that the neutron and γ-ray events can't be accurately discriminated. As a result, the determination of the proportions of neutron and γ-ray events beyond the discrimination threshold is important if scintillators are applied to measure the low energy neutrons. In the present work, a method based on the time-of-flight technique is proposed to calibrate the proportions of neutron and γ-ray events beyond the discrimination threshold. After the calibration, the numbers of the measured neutron and γ-ray events can be separately determined even if the neutron and γ-ray events can't be perfectly discriminated.