Barriers to providing quality care for patients with substance use disorders from the perspective of baccalaureate nursing students: A descriptive qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: With Iran facing an epidemic in substance use disorders, nursing students are increasingly encountering people impacted by substance misuse. Providing care for this group brings with it many barriers and challenges. These serious barriers have not been a priority in Iranian nurse education. OBJECTIVES: To describe barriers to providing quality care for people with substance use disorders from the perspective of nursing students. DESIGN: A descriptive qualitative study, using content analysis was used to address the study aim. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Participants were 34 baccalaureate nursing students from different academic semesters studying at two medical sciences universities in Iran. METHODS: Data were collected using semi-structured interviews from July 2022 to October 2022. Granheim & Lundman's method for qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data. RESULTS: The barriers to providing quality care for people with substance use disorders were described through the major theme: "lack of communication skills and difficulty finding language for therapeutic communication with people with substance use disorders". Based on nursing student perspectives, a lack of communication and language for therapeutic communication was described through the three barriers of: 1. "possessing or witnessing prejudiced attitudes and stereotypes", 2 "negative role models", and 3. "Knowledge deficit in self or others". CONCLUSION: The result of this study showed that nursing students interact with people with substance use disorders through prejudiced attitudes, negative stereotypes, and knowledge deficits. Academic education should include practical techniques to reduce negative stereotypes and moral distress among nursing students as well as strategies to manage tough ethical situations and decrease prejudiced attitudes. Nurses and clinical educators must be attentive to their power to influence nursing students and should model appropriate unbiased behavior and language.

Perceptions and practices related to clinical alarms.

BACKGROUND: Clinical alarms represent the top hazard listed in the "Top Ten Health Technology Hazards" report. Frequent false alarms can disrupt patient care and reduce trust in alarms. AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the perceptions and practices of critical and noncritical care nurses regarding clinical alarms. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive analytical study conducted from October 2016 to February 2017 at three hospitals on 197 nurses at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences in Neyshabur, Northeastern Iran. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling. The perceptions were measured through the 2011 Health care Technology Foundation Clinical Alarms Survey. RESULTS: More than half of the nurses believed that frequent false alarms reduced trust in alarms, leading nurses to inappropriately disable alarms. The nurses ranked frequent false alarms as the most important issue in response to alarms. More than 60% of the nurses indicated that they needed more training on the use of bedside and central monitors. CONCLUSION: The result of this study suggested that frequent false alarms, as the most important issue related to alarms, should be taken into account by hospital administrators and researchers to decrease alarm fatigue and improve alarm system safety. More specialized clinical policies and procedures for alarm management should also be considered.

Dataset on the nurses' knowledge, attitude and practice towards palliative care.

When a patient enters the end stage of life threatening disease like cancer, treatment of pain and other symptoms must be considered to preserve quality of life (Gielen et al., 2011) [1]. Nurses have an important role in the care of patients who suffered from life threatening diseases. End of life cares is one of the routine activities of nurses (Gott et al., 2012) [2]. We surveyed knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses who worked in the hospitals of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences towards palliative care from January 2016 to May 2016. A self-administered Persian questionnaire was used for data collection. The attitude scale was adopted from Frommelt Attitude toward Care of the Dying (Frommelt, 1991) and the knowledge questions were adopted from the Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing (Ross et al., 1996). The practice questions were also adopted from different related studies. Data analysis was performed by SPSS Statistics software for windows version 16. Our study showed that majority of nurses had favorable attitude but poor knowledge and practice towards palliative care. The results emphasize the importance and need for developing palliative care services in our hospitals.

A new regularity for internal pressure of dense fluids.

In this paper, we derive a new regularity for dense fluids, both compressed liquids and dense supercritical fluids based on the Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential function and using speed of sound results. By considering the internal pressure by modeling the average configurational potential energy, and then taking its derivative with respect to volume, we predict that isotherm [(partial differential E/partial differential V)(T)/rhoRT]V(2) is a linear function of rho(2), where E is the internal energy, (partial differential E/partial differential V)(T)) is the internal pressure, and rho = 1/V is the molar density. The regularity is tested with experimental data for ten fluids including Ar, N(2), CO, CO(2), CH(4,) C(2)H(6), C(3)H(8), C(4)H(10), C(6)H(6), and C(6)H(5)CH(3). These problems have led us to try to establish a function for the accurate calculation of the internal pressure based on speed of sound theory for different fluids. The results of the fitting show limited success of the pure substances. The linear relationship appears to hold from the lower density limit at the Boyle density and from the triple temperature up to about double the Boyle temperature. The upper density limit appears to be reached at 1.4 times the Boyle density. The results are likely to be useful, although they are limited.