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Introduction: The decision to apply for medical school is the first and one of the most important career choices that a physician will ever make and the motives for choosing a career in medicine seem to remain relatively stable during medical school. Our study aimed to investigate what motivated the students, their satisfaction with the PBL curriculum and their plans following graduation. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from Jan to March 2021 at Batterjee medical college, Jeddah. The data was collected on a questionnaire from undergraduate students of first year till the internship year. Results: Among the 112 students who completed the questionnaire, 85 (75.9%) chose studying medicine to be their own choice, with service to humanity 56 (50%) being the main reason, followed by monetary 20 (18.8%) reasons. Generally 78 (69.6%) of the responders preferred the PBL curriculum over the traditional one. Most of the students 42 (37.5%) planned to undergo the residency program in Saudi Arabia, with general surgery being the specialty preferred by 33 (29.5%) students. Conclusion: The findings in our study suggest that altruism is the most common influencing factor that led students joining a medical college.
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AIM: To examine the influence of hypoxia on the in vitro growth of leukaemia cells and the activity of signalling proteins to better understand the pathophysiology of leukaemia cells in human bone marrow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six human leukaemia cell lines were cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Cell growth, recovery of clonogenic cells, and the expression and activation of various signalling proteins were examined. RESULTS: Hypoxia suppressed cell growth and the recovery of clonogenic cells. Moreover, hypoxia up-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α and HIF2α expression while suppressing the expression and activation of NOTCH1, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) activation, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: We found that hypoxia up-regulated HIF expression while it suppressed the self-renewal capacity of leukaemia cells, NOTCH activity, and expression of its down-stream signalling molecules, which differs from previous reports mentioning that HIF activates NOTCH signalling. Our findings serve to further elucidate the in vivo pathophysiology of leukaemia cells.
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Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/genética , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/genética , Leucemia/genética , Receptor Notch1/genética , Ciclo Celular/genética , Hipoxia de la Célula/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Humanos , Leucemia/patología , FN-kappa B/genética , Fosforilación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Transducción de Señal/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/genéticaRESUMEN
The genus Atylotus Osten Sacken in Egypt is revised. A new species Atylotus shagrensis sp. nov. is described collected from Wadi Shagra (Eastern Desert). A key to species with illustrations is provided. Diagnosis, specimens examined and distributions are given for each species.
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Dípteros , Animales , Egipto , AmbienteRESUMEN
The Egyptian fauna of the asilid genus Stichopogon Loew is revised. Nine species are recognized including two new records, Stichopogon deserti Theodor, 1980 and S. scaliger Loew, 1847. A key to species, lists of material examined and their distribution are included. The occurrence of S. maroccanus in Egypt is discussed and clarified.
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Dípteros , Animales , EgiptoRESUMEN
The genus Actorthia Kröber, 1912 was described based on a single female from Tourrah (Egypt) and is revised for the first time since the original description. Actorthia khedivialis (Becker, 1912) is newly synonymized with A. frontata (Kröber, 1912) based on examination of the type specimens of both species recently discovered in the Cairo University Collection (Egypt) and Natural History Museum (Austria), respectively. Actorthia efflatouni Kröber, 1925 is confirmed as a synonym of A. micans (Kröber, 1923) and Actorthia olivierii (Macquart, 1840) is transferred to Phycus. Actorthia pulchella Kröber, 1927 is recorded in Israel for the first time. The three Egyptian species of Actorthia are diagnosed and illustrated along with colour images of the type specimens, and a key to the Egyptian species is included.
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Dípteros/anatomía & histología , Dípteros/clasificación , Animales , Egipto , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
The Egyptian fauna of the genus Tabanus Linnaeus is reviewed. Only seventeen species are recognized instead of the previous 21. This is because six species have been removed as doubtful records, and an additional two species have been added (T. leucostonus Loew, 1858 (new record) and T. arenivagus Austen, 1920). A key to Egyptian species of Tabanus is included together with illustrations. Specimens examined and distributions are given for each species. The status of the six species doubtful to occur in Egypt is discussed.