Laser-Induced Graphene for Advanced Sensing: Comprehensive Review of Applications.

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) and Laser-scribed graphene (LSG) are both advanced materials with significant potential in various applications, particularly in the field of sustainable sensors. The practical uses of LIG (LSG), which include gas detection, biological process monitoring, strain assessment, and environmental variable tracking, are thoroughly examined in this review paper. Its tunable characteristics distinguish LIG (LSG), which is developed from accurate laser beam modulation on polymeric substrates, and they are essential in advancing sensing technologies in many applications. The recent advances in LIG (LSG) applications include energy storage, biosensing, and electronics by steadily advancing efficiency and versatility. The remarkable flexibility of LIG (LSG) and its transformative potential in regard to sensor manufacturing and utilization are highlighted in this manuscript. Moreover, it thoroughly examines the various fabrication methods used in LIG (LSG) production, highlighting precision and adaptability. This review navigates the difficulties that are encountered in regard to implementing LIG sensors and looks ahead to future developments that will propel the industry forward. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the latest research in LIG (LSG) and elucidates this innovative material's advanced and sustainable elements.

Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among the Bangladeshi university entrance test-taking students using GIS technology.

This study focuses on Bangladeshi university entrance test-taking students mental health problems and explores the geographical distribution of these problems using GIS technique. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1523 university entrance test-taking students. Data were collected on participants' socio-demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related factors, admission tests, depression, and anxiety. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were performed using SPSS software. GIS mapping was used to visualize the distribution of mental health problems across districts using ArcGIS. The study found that the prevalence rates of depression and anxiety among university entrance examinees were 53.8% and 33.2%, respectively. Males exhibited higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to females, while repeat test-taking students were more susceptible to these mental health issues compared to first-time test-takers. Factors such as urban residence, personal/familial COVID-19 infections, and COVID-19 deaths in close relationships were associated with increased mental health problems. District-based distribution showed no significant variation in depression, but anxiety varied significantly. Post-hoc GIS analysis revealed variations in the distribution of depression and anxiety among males, as well as variations in anxiety distribution based on student status across districts. This study emphasizes the high prevalence of depression and anxiety among university entrance examinees, emphasizing the importance of addressing mental health risks in this population. It also suggests the need for reforms in the university entrance test-taking system to reduce psychological problems and advocates for a more inclusive approach to student admissions to alleviate mental health burdens.

Ameliorative effects of silymarin on aflatoxin B1 toxicity in weaned rabbits: impact on growth, blood profile, and oxidative stress.

Natural plant extracts offer numerous health benefits for rabbits, including improved feed utilization, antimycotic and antiaflatoxigenic effect, antioxidants, immunological modulation, and growth performance. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of silymarin on the performance, hemato-biochemical indices, antioxidants, and villus morphology. A total of 45 Moshtohor 4 weeks old weaned male rabbits were randomly allocated into three groups (15 rabbit/each) each group with 5 replicates. The first group served as the control group feed on an infected diet by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) 0.02 mg/kg BW, while the second and third groups received an infected diet by AFB1 (0.02 mg/kg BW) and was treated with Silymarin 20 mg/kg BW/day or 30 mg/kg BW/day, respectively. Regarding the growth performance, silymarin supplementation significantly improved the final body weight compared with the control group. Physiologically, silymarin induced high level of dose-dependent total red blood cell count, hematocrit, eosinophils, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxid dismutase, catalase activity, total antioxidant capacityand intestinal villi width and length. Moreover, silymarin significantly restricted oxidative stress indicators, malondialdehyde, Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglyceridein rabbits treated with (AFB1). In conclusion, silymarin supplementation to AFB1 contaminated rabbit diet may mitigate the negative effect of AFB1 on the rabbit performance and health status and increase growth performance, average daily gain, immunological modulation and antioxidants and provide a theoretical basis for the application of silymarin in livestock production.

A comparative study of readiness and confidence in online teaching among faculty members in health and non-health colleges within the United Arab Emirates.

INTRODUCTION: This study explores and compares the levels of readiness and confidence among faculty members in health and non-health colleges regarding online teaching in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study adopted a cross-sectional research design and utilized a comprehensive survey instrument. A convenience sampling method was employed to enlist 412 faculty members from varied academic disciplines, comprising 278 from non-health programs and 134 from health programs. These participants offered valuable insights into their levels of preparedness and confidence for engaging in online teaching. RESULTS: The study uncovered nuanced differences in readiness and confidence levels between health and non-health colleges regarding online teaching preparedness. Significant gender-based variations were found, with female participants in health colleges reporting lower readiness (mean = 4.13) and confidence (mean = 4.11) compared to their counterparts in non-health colleges (mean = 4.43; mean = 4.52) (out of 5) (P < 0.05). Male participants in non-health colleges demonstrated higher readiness and confidence (P < 0.05). Academic rank and teaching experience (>5 years) positively influenced readiness and confidence (P < 0.05). Marital status, spouse working status, and years teaching online showed no significant differences. Teaching multiple online courses before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly enhanced readiness and confidence (P < 0.05). Professional development before and during the COVID-19 pandemic did not yield significant differences. CONCLUSION: The study contributes to the existing literature on online education, offering valuable insights into the specific challenges and opportunities faced by faculty in health and non-health colleges. The results inform decision-making processes for educational institutions and policymakers in the UAE, emphasizing the evolving global landscape of online teaching.

Association between COVID-19 severity with liver abnormalities: A retrospective study in a referral hospital in Indonesia.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by an acute respiratory infection with multisystem involvement and the association of its severity to liver function abnormalities is not well characterized. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the severity of COVID-19 patients and liver function abnormalities. This retrospective study included adult patients with confirmed COVID-19, which were classified as non-severe or severe according to World Health Organization guidelines. Liver function test results were compared between the severity groups. A total of 339 patients were included of which 150 (44.25%) were severe cases. The male-to-female ratio was 0.9:1 and 3:2 in the non-severe and severe groups, respectively (p=0.031). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and total bilirubin levels and acute liver injury (ALI) incidence were significantly higher in the severe group compared to non-severe group (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.025, p=0.014, respectively). In contrast, albumin levels were significantly lower (p=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that ALI was significantly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (odds ratio (OR): 5.275; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.165-23.890, p=0.031), hemoglobin level (OR: 1.214; 95%CI: 1.083-1.361, p=0.001), and hypoalbuminemia (OR: 2.627; 95%CI: 1.283-5.379, p=0.008). Pre-existing liver diseases were present in 6.5% of patients. No significant differences were observed between the groups based on COVID-19 severity and ALI presence. Liver function test abnormalities, including ALI, are more prevalent in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. HIV infection, high hemoglobin levels, and hypoalbuminemia may be potential risk factors for ALI.

The Effects of the Great Depression on Children's Intergenerational Mobility.

This article examines the role of the Great Depression in shaping the intergenerational mobility of some of the most upwardly mobile cohorts of the twentieth century. Using newly linked census and vital records from the Longitudinal, Intergenerational Family Electronic Micro-database, we examine the occupational and educational mobility of more than 265,000 sons and daughters born in Ohio and North Carolina. We find that the deepest and most protracted downturn in U.S. history had limited effects on sons' intergenerational mobility but reduced daughters' intergenerational mobility.

The Ortholog Receptor Or67d in Drosophila Bipectinata is able to Detect Two Different Pheromones.

Sex pheromones play a crucial role in species recognition and reproductive isolation. Despite being largely species-specific in drosophilids, the mechanisms underlying pheromone detection, production, and their influence on mating behavior remain poorly understood. Here, we compare the chemical profiles of Drosophila bipectinata and D. melanogaster, the mating behaviors in both species, as well as the tuning properties of Or67d receptors, which are expressed by neurons in antennal trichoid sensilla at1. Through single sensillum recordings, we demonstrate that the D. bipectinata Or67d-ortholog exhibits similar sensitivity to cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA) as compared to D. melanogaster but in addition also responds uniquely to (Z)-11-eicosen-1-yl-acetate (Z11-20:Ac), a compound exclusively produced by D. bipectinata males. Through courtship behavior assays we found that, surprisingly, perfuming the flies with Z11-20:Ac did not reveal any aphrodisiacal or anti-aphrodisiacal effects in mating assays. The behavioral relevance of at1 neuron channels in D. bipectinata compared to D. melanogaster seems to be restricted to its formerly shown function as an aggregation pheromone. Moreover, the non-specific compound cVA affected copulation negatively in D. bipectinata and could potentially act as a premating isolation barrier. As both ligands of Or67d seem to govern different behaviors in D. bipectinata, additional neurons detecting at least one of those compounds might be involved. These results underscore the complexity of chemical signaling in species recognition and raise intriguing questions about the evolutionary implications of pheromone detection pathways in Drosophila species.

The Impact of Diabetes Education by Clinical Pharmacist on Quality of Life and Treatment Satisfaction of Sudanese Individuals With Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients' satisfaction with their treatment directly impacts the control of their diabetes. Quality of life is crucial for patients with diabetes mellitus to maintain long-term health and minimize complications. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of diabetes education on quality of life (QoL) and treatment satisfaction of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The current study was a randomized controlled trial. Patients with type 2 diabetes who were attending the diabetes clinic for 1 year were recruited. The overall sample in this study was 364 participants; 182 controls 182 cases. The interventional and control group participants were assigned randomly by simple random sampling technique. Controls were managed per usual care while cases were managed per usual care plus education done by the researcher. Pre-structured standardized questionnaires were used to collect the data. Data were processed and analyzed by using SPSS; version 28. RESULTS: More than three-fourth of the participants; 76.4% were females. The average (±SD) age of the cases was 54.5 (±10) years, while was 56 (±9.8) years for controls. The overall median (IQR) years of DM diagnosis for all participants was 8 (4-14) years. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean satisfaction score from baseline to 12 months in the cases compared the controls (P < .001). Furthermore, there are statistically insignificant differences between the changes of mean overall QoL score from baseline to 12 months among the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: The education provided improved self-reported treatment-satisfaction among individuals with diabetes .A statistically insignificant differences in QoL between the 2 groups compared to baseline have been shown at the study end.The trial registration number is PACTR202311766174946 which was registered by pan African clinical trials registry, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=26928.

Critical assessment of recent advancements in chitosan-functionalized iron and geopolymer-based adsorbents for the selective removal of arsenic from water.

Inorganic arsenic (As), a known carcinogen and major contaminant in drinking water, affects over 140 million people globally, with levels exceeding the World Health Organization's (WHO) guidelines of 10 µg L-1. Developing innovative technologies for effluent handling and decontaminating polluted water is critical. This paper summarizes the fundamental characteristics of chitosan-embedded composites for As adsorption from water. The primary challenge in selectively removing As ions is the presence of phosphate, which is chemically similar to As(V). This study evaluates and summarizes innovative As adsorbents based on chitosan and its composite modifications, focusing on factors influencing their adsorption affinity. The kinetics, isotherms, column models, and thermodynamic aspects of the sorption processes were also explored. Finally, the adsorption process and implications of functionalized chitosan for wastewater treatment were analyzed. There have been minimal developments in water disinfection using metal-biopolymer composites for environmental purposes. This field of study offers numerous research opportunities to expand the use of biopolymer composites as detoxifying materials and to gain deeper insights into the foundations of biopolymer composite adsorbents, which merit further investigation to enhance adsorbent stability.

Selective intra-arterial hypothermia combined with endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Systemic therapeutic hypothermia may improve outcomes after acute ischemic stroke but increases complications. Selective intra-arterial hypothermia at the ischemic site during endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) theoretically offers benefits with fewer risks. However, there is little clinical evidence to support this approach. METHODS: We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase and Cochrane electronic databases for studies evaluating the safety and feasibility of selective intra-arterial hypothermia as an adjunct to EVT for large vessel occlusion (LVO). Effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the fixed-effect model. Odds ratios (ORs) were computed for binary variables, while the mean differences (MDs) were pooled for continuous data. RESULTS: Of identified records, five clinical studies involving 463 LVO patients (62.9% male) were included. Of those, 224 (48.4%) patients received adjuvant selective intra-arterial hypothermia, while 239 (51.6%) received EVT alone. Selective intra-arterial hypothermia resulted in higher rates of good functional outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS] 0-2 at 90-days) (OR 2.07, [95% CI, 1.36 to 3.16]), and lower final infarct volume (MD, -20.96 ml [95% CI, -26.17 to -15.75]) and lower rates of severe disability (mRS 3-5 at 90 days) (OR 0.44 [95% CI, 0.26 to 0.75]). Safety parameters including rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, mortality, pneumonia, coagulation abnormalities, and arterial spasm were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The initial evidence supports the safety and feasibility of selective intra-arterial hypothermia when combined with EVT for LVO. This approach shows promise for advancing research on neuroprotective strategies for ischemic stroke.

Assessment of Public Awareness on Alarming Signs of Posttraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Jeddah Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Post-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition, and early detection and response can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to assess public awareness of the alarming signs of intracranial bleeding after trauma in adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology From August 2023 to April 2024, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a five-scale structured questionnaire: demographics, risk factors for road traffic accidents, alarm signs and symptoms, ability to recognize these signs, and participants who experienced head trauma. The study focused on people aged 18 and over living in Jeddah. Results A total of 584 participants were included, with 34.2% males and 65.8% females. Findings revealed that 57% recognized the critical need for medical help after head trauma. Furthermore, only 45% of the population were unaware that low levels of awareness or wakefulness indicate bleeding, reflecting a low awareness level in the adult population. Among children, only 34% recognized changes in eating and lactation habits, and 54% identified continuous crying and irritability. Furthermore, 66% of participants identified loss or change in consciousness as a symptom that required hospital admission, while 60% recognized chronic headaches as a critical sign. Conclusion This study revealed the critical need for public health campaigns to improve awareness and understanding of signs of intracranial post-traumatic bleeding. The results highlighted the importance of early medical interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.

Cor Triatriatum Sinister With a Decompressing Levoatriocardinal Vein: A Rare Association.

Levoatriocardinal vein has rarely been described with cor triatriatum. We report a case of a newborn with respiratory distress who was found to have cor triatriatum sinister with a decompressing levoatriocardinal vein on transthoracic echocardiography. The pulmonary venous confluence received all pulmonary veins and drained to the proximal left atrial chamber through significant communication. Moreover, the cor triatriatum membrane separated the left atrial body into proximal and distal left atrial chambers with a restrictive opening in the membrane, causing severe flow limitation to the cardiac output, severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, and significant right ventricular dilatation. In addition, a sizeable levoatriocardinal vein decompressed the pulmonary venous confluence drained superiorly to the left innominate vein. She had a successful surgical repair by resectioning the cor triatriatum membrane and ligating the levoatriocardinal vein. The patient had improved pulmonary arterial pressures and right ventricular dimensions at the one-month follow-up. The case highlights the rare association of the levoatriocardinal vein and cor triatriatum, and its presence signifies severe obstruction at the level of cor triatriatum.

Advanced Functional Electromagnetic Shielding Materials: A Review Based on Micro-Nano Structure Interface Control of Biomass Cell Walls.

Research efforts on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials. These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight, porous, and hierarchical. Due to their porous nature, interfacial compatibility, and electrical conductivity, biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials. Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported, this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials. In particular, a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment, preparation process, and micro-control would be valuable. The preparation methods and characteristics of wood, bamboo, cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper, and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed. The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed. this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.

The direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia antagonistically influence cortical activity and perceptual decisions.

The striatum, the main input nucleus of the basal ganglia, receives topographically organized input from the cortex and gives rise to the direct and indirect output pathways, which have antagonistic effects on basal ganglia output directed to the cortex. We optogenetically stimulated the direct and indirect pathways in a visual and a working memory task in mice that responded by licking. Unilateral direct pathway stimulation increased the probability of lick responses toward the contralateral, non-stimulated side and increased cortical activity globally. In contrast, indirect pathway stimulation increased the probability of responses toward the stimulated side and decreased activity in the stimulated hemisphere. Moreover, direct pathway stimulation enhanced the neural representation of a contralateral visual stimulus during the delay of the working memory task, whereas indirect pathway stimulation had the opposite effect. Our results demonstrate how these two pathways influence perceptual decisions and working memory and modify activity in the dorsal cortex.

Replacing alfalfa-based total mixed ration with Moringa leaves for improving carcass and meat quality characteristics in lambs.

The expected increase in the population will put more pressure on resources, which means there will be a greater demand for food and the need for different ingredients to feed animals. This study aimed to explore the potential benefits of replacing alfalfa-based total mixed ration (TMR) with Moringa spp. On carcass characteristics and meat quality traits in lamb. The experiment involved 60 intact male lambs of the Harri breed, averaging 24 ± 1 kg in weight and approximately 5 months old. Lambs were randomly divided into five feeding groups: T1 (40 % alfalfa-based TMR), T2 (40 % M. oleifera), T3 (40 % M. peregrina), T4 (20 % alfalfa-based TMR + 20 % M. oleifera), and T5 (20 % alfalfa-based TMR + 20 % M. peregrina. The results confirmed that incorporating Moringa spp. Into lamb diets significantly reduced intramuscular fat content. Supplementation also improved tenderness, texture properties, and water-holding capacity. Additionally, the treatment groups exhibited a significant decrease in total non-carcass components compared to the control group. Overall, these findings suggest positive changes and enhancements in lamb carcass traits and meat quality attributes with Moringa spp. Supplementation, without observed adverse effects.

Road Traffic Accident Traumatic Vehicle Seat Belt Abdominal Wall Hernia.

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia (TAWH) is a rare type of hernia with an incidence of about <1.5%, resulting from blunt abdominal trauma, which leads to an increase in the intra-abdominal pressure and rupture in the abdominal musculature and fascia with herniation of the abdominal organs into the defect. Most TAWH contained either a small bowel (69%) or a large bowel (36%), with 16% containing both. This condition is often not present as an isolated case, as 30% to 60% of the cases are accompanied by other intra-abdominal injuries. The typical manner of presentation is a tender subcutaneous swelling across the abdomen wall with overlaying bruising and ecchymosis. The radiological investigative modality of CT scan has the highest index of diagnosing accompanied intra-abdominal visceral injuries. We present a rare case of a 23-year-old male patient diagnosed with TAWH containing both small bowel and sigmoid colon associated with psoas hematoma caused by a seat belt postroad traffic accident (RTA).

The arsenic bioremediation using genetically engineered microbial strains on aquatic environments: An updated overview.

Heavy metal contamination threatens the aquatic environment and human health. Different physical and chemical procedures have been adopted in many regions; however, their adoption is usually limited since they take longer time, are more expensive, and are ineffective in polluted areas with high heavy metal contents. Thus, biological remediation is considered a suitable applicable method for treating contaminates due to its aquatic-friendly features. Bacteria possess an active metabolism that enables them to thrive and develop in highly contaminated water bodies with arsenic (As). They achieve this by utilizing their genetic structure to selectively target As and deactivate its toxic influences. Therefore, this review extensively inspects the bacterial reactions and interactions with As. In addition, this literature demonstrated the potential of certain genetically engineered bacterial strains to upregulate the expression and activity of specific genes associated with As detoxification. The As resistant mechanisms in bacteria exhibit significant variation depending on the genetics and type of the bacterium, which is strongly affected by the physical water criteria of their surrounding aquatic environment. Moreover, this literature has attempted to establish scientific connections between existing knowledge and suggested sustainable methods for removing As from aquatic bodies by utilizing genetically engineered bacterial strains. We shall outline the primary techniques employed by bacteria to bioremediate As from aquatic environments. Additionally, we will define the primary obstacles that face the wide application of genetically modified bacterial strains for As bioremediation in open water bodies. This review can serve as a target for future studies aiming to implement real-time bioremediation techniques. In addition, potential synergies between the bioremediation technology and other techniques are suggested, which can be employed for As bioremediation.

Ultrastructural changes in the spermatogenic cells of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) observed at different reproductive stages.

Spermatogenesis is a complex process. It is the modification of progenitor spermatogonia into mature spermatozoa. The stages are similar in all-male vertebrates, as well as avian species. However, studies on spermatogenesis in birds are fewer compared to mammals. The current study investigated the ultrastructural changes in the spermatogenic cells of domestic chickens in different reproductive stages. Thirty (30) male birds, ten (10) in each of the three reproductive stages: pre-pubertal, pubertal, and adult were used in the study. Testicular tissues from all age groups were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM results showed spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes in the pre-pubertal testis, and the seminiferous tubule lumen was wide and empty. Also, the nuclei of spermatogonia at this stage did not contain condensed chromatin material at the center nor scattered at the periphery of the nuclear membrane. There were slight differences between the spermatogenic cells in the pubertal and adult age groups. The spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, and round spermatids with scanty chromatin material were observed in both age groups. In the adult age group, round and elongated spermatids with condensed chromatin materials were observed besides the other spermatogenic cells. Also, the seminiferous tubule lumen was filled with sperm cells and cellular debris, unlike in the pre-pubertal and pubertal age groups where they were wide and empty. The presence of numerous oval mitochondria were observed in all age groups. This signifies the active process of spermatogenesis in pre-pubertal, pubertal, and adult male domestic chickens.

Discontinuation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy and Treatment Free Remission (TFR) in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Successful Achievement of TFR in More Than Two-Third of Patients in a Real-World Practice.

BACKGROUND: Discontinuation of TKI therapy and treatment-free remission (TFR) have become new goals for chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML). The aim of this study was to estimate the TFR post discontinuation of TKI therapy at 3 tertiary-care centers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CP-CML patients aged ≥16 years who had an attempt to discontinue TKI therapy till June 2022, were eligible. The collected data included patients' demographics, prognostic score, type and duration of TKI therapy, response dates, relapse dates, response to re-initiation of TKI therapy, and risk factors for relapse. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients (35, 63.6% females) with a median age of 40 (range 16-74) years at diagnosis discontinued therapy. Forty-eight (87.3%) patients received imatinib as first line therapy. Twenty-nine (52.7%) patients were receiving imatinib at the time of TKI-discontinuation. Median time from diagnosis to TKI discontinuation was 86 months (IQR 60;132) and median duration of TKI therapy after achieving DMR was 66 months (IQR 47;114). After a median follow up of 34 (IQR 12;68) months, 15 (27.3%) patients relapsed. Median time to relapse was 5 months (range 2-38). Most of the relapses occurred during the first 6 months except 3 (20%) patients. All the relapsed patients achieved MMR after a median of 3 (range 2-6) months after restarting TKI therapy. None of the patients progressed to advanced-phase. CONCLUSION: Our experience confirms that discontinuation of TKI therapy in CP-CML patients is feasible and safe in routine clinical practice, and can achieve TFR in more than two-third of carefully selected patients.