Seroprevalence of Protective Antibodies Against Influenza and the Reduction of the Influenza Incidence Rate: An Annual Repeated Cross-Sectional Study From 2014 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: Seroepidemiological studies provide estimates of population-level immunity, prevalence/incidence of infections, and evaluation of vaccination programs. We assessed the seroprevalence of protective antibodies against influenza and evaluated the correlation of seroprevalence with the cumulative annual influenza incidence rate. METHODS: We conducted an annual repeated cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey, during June-August, from 2014 to 2019, in Portugal. A total of 4326 sera from all age groups, sex, and regions was tested by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Seroprevalence and geometric mean titers (GMT) of protective antibodies against influenza were assessed by age group, sex, and vaccine status (65+ years old). The association between summer annual seroprevalence and the difference of influenza incidence rates between one season and the previous one was measured by Pearson correlation coefficient (r). RESULTS: Significant differences in seroprevalence of protective antibodies against influenza were observed in the population. Higher seroprevalence and GMT for A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were observed in children (5-14); influenza B seroprevalence in adults 65+ was 1.6-4.4 times than in children (0-4). Vaccinated participants (65+) showed significant higher seroprevalence/GMT for influenza. A strong negative and significant correlation was found between seroprevalence and ILI incidence rate for A(H1N1)pdm09 in children between 5 and 14 (r = -0.84; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.07); a weak negative correlation was observed for A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata (r ≤ -0.1). CONCLUSIONS: The study provides new insight into the anti-influenza antibodies seroprevalence measured in summer on the ILI incidence rate in the next season and the need for adjusted preventive health care measures to prevent influenza infection and transmission.

Saúde mental de docentes universitários em tempos de covid-19 / Mental health of university professors in times of covid-19

Resumo Trata-se de ensaio, embasado na literatura sobre o tema, que tem como objetivo refletir acerca dos eventos relacionados ao processo de trabalho que comprometem a saúde mental de docentes de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) em tempos de covid-19. A falta de habilidade no manuseio de tecnologias da informação e comunicação no desenvolvimento das atribuições profissionais, a autocobrança e a pressão das IES para adaptação ao novo modelo de trabalho e a necessidade de gerenciar os afazeres laborais e domésticos constituem eventos que predispõem ao sofrimento psicoemocional em docentes do ensino superior.

Abstract This essay, based on the literature on the subject, aims to reflect on events related to the work process that compromise the mental health of Higher Education Institutions' (HEI) professors in times of covid-19. The lack of skill in handling information and communication technology for the undertaking of professional assignments, the act of demanding too much from oneself and the pressure from the HEI to adapt to the new work model, as well as the need to manage work and household chores are events that predispose to psycho-emotional suffering in higher education teachers.