Association between DASH and novel atherogenic risk factors, anthropometric indices and foot ulcer indicators in type 2 diabetic patients with foot ulcer: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Diabetes can cause nerve damage, vascular issues, and reduced blood flow to organs such as the feet, leading to foot deformities and ulcers due to high glucose levels. A healthy dietary pattern like DASH can improve insulin sensitivity and weight loss. Due to limited data and rare evidence, our study aims to investigate the relationship between DASH diet adherence and anthropometric, cardiovascular, and foot ulcer indicators. Methods: The study included 339 diabetic patients with foot ulcers (122 females and 217 males). The study gathered data on patient dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, biochemistry, foot ulcers, and novel atherogenic risk factors per international definitions. Results: The average BMI of the participants was 29.2 ± 5.0, 28.1 ± 4.3, and 28.2 ± 4.2 in the tertiles of DASH index (P-value: 0.18). By increasing the adherence to the DASH index, the monofilament score did not change significantly OR: 1.47; CI: (0.81-2.67). Also, foot ulcer area did not change significantly between DASH tertiles OR: 1.01; CI: (0.56-1.83). Atherogenic risk factors also decreased among the DASH tertiles, but statistically not significant. Conclusion: DASH adherence did not change neuropathy score and cholindex and cardiovascular risk factors significantly and has no significant effect on foot ulcer size.

The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Research on the effects of zinc supplementation on lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to summarize the current data on the effects of zinc supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with T2DM. Three online databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to find relevant studies published until September 2022. The exposure was zinc supplementation, and the outcomes were low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). Fourteen randomized clinical trials consisting of 1067 patients were included in the statistical analysis. Significant improvement was observed in all 4 lipid profile components. Following zinc supplementation, a significant decrease was observed in TC (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -16.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -26.43, -5.89; P = 0.002), LDL (WMD: -6.18; 95% CI: -9.35, -3.02; P < 0.001), and TG (WMD: -13.08; 95% CI: -21.83, -4.34; P = 0.003). After analyzing 13 studies reporting HDL, a significant increase was seen (WMD: 3.76; 95% CI: 1.30, 6.22; P = 0.003). In a nonlinear dose-response analysis, a significant inverse association was observed between <12 wk zinc supplementation and TC, LDL, and TG (TC: WMD: -5, Pnonlinearity < 0.001; LDL: WMD: -5, Pnonlinearity = 0.07, TG: WMD: -16.5, Pnonlinearity = 0.006). Nonlinear dose-response analysis shows that the optimum elemental zinc dosage for the best response to the supplementation for TC, LDL, and TG are 120, 100, and 140 mg/d, respectively (TC: WMD: -5, Pnonlinearity < 0.001; LDL: WMD: -10, Pnonlinearity = 0.006, TG: WMD: -50, Pnonlinearity = 0.031). In conclusion, we found significant changes in all 4 components of the lipid profile through zinc supplementation in T2DM patients. Based on our findings, zinc supplementation may have profound favorable consequences on the lipid profile of T2DM patients, especially in the zinc-deficient group.

Effects of Fish-Oil Consumption on Psychological Function Outcomes in Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Research on the effects of fish oil on clinical symptoms and psychosocial functioning in people with psychosis has been inconsistent. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the available data on the effects of oral intake of fish oil on psychological functioning in patients with psychosis. Three online databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant studies published by April 2021. The exposure was oral fish-oil supplementation. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) were our outcome measures. Seventeen randomized clinical trials involving 1390 patients were included. No change in PANSS was observed following oral fish-oil intake [weighted mean difference (WMD): -0.87; 95% CI: -16.99, 15.26; P = 0.92]. In a nonlinear dose-response analysis, a significant inverse association was observed between <10 wk of fish-oil supplementation and PANSS (WMD: -10; P-nonlinearity = 0.02). Although analysis of 4 studies showed a nonsignificant reduction in BPRS after fish-oil intake (WMD: -2.990; 95% CI: -6.42, 0.44; P = 0.08), a nonlinear dose-response analysis revealed significant inverse associations between dose (>2200 mg/d) and duration of fish-oil supplementation (<15 wk) with BPRS score (WMD: -8; P-nonlinearity = 0.04). Combined effect sizes from 6 randomized clinical trials showed significant increases in GAF after oral administration of fish oil (WMD: 6.66; 95% CI: 3.39, 9.93; P < 0.001). In conclusion, we did not find any significant changes in PANSS and BPRS scores following fish-oil supplementation. Nevertheless, oral fish-oil intake significantly contributed to improvement in GAF scores. This is the first meta-analysis to examine the effects of fish oil on the psychological functioning scores of PANSS, BPRS, and GAF simultaneously.

Association of Recent and Long-Term Supplement Intakes With Laboratory Indices in Patients With COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran, During 2020.

Background: Although previous studies observed the relationship between individual dietary supplements and enhancing body resistance against viruses, few studies have been conducted regarding the role of different supplements in treatment of COVID-19. This article aims to determine the association of recent and long-term supplement consumption on the biochemical indices and impatient duration among patients with COVID-19. Methods: In this cross-sectional study on 300 adult men and women with COVID-19, recent and long-term supplement intakes were investigated by using a questionnaire. In addition, lifestyle was also assessed in aspects of fruits and vegetable consumption, physical activity, sleeping duration, fluid intake, and smoking status. Furthermore, the laboratory and paraclinical parameters were obtained from medical records. The relationship between supplement intake with the length of hospitalization and clinical laboratory tests was investigated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Those patients with supplement intake in the last 2 months had a significantly lower amount of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (31.31 ± 13.87 vs. 37.57 ± 19.77 mg/dL, P: 0.002) and higher serum 25(OH)D (28.13 ± 14.09 vs. 23.81 ± 13.55 ng/mL, P: 0.03). Subjects with long-term supplement intake had a significantly lower invasive oxygen support (0.00 vs 5.10 %, P: 0.05), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (498.11 ± 221.43 vs. 576.21 ± 239.84 U/L, P: 0.02), fewer days of fever (0.49 ± 3.54 vs. 2.64 ± 9.21, P: 0.02), and higher serum 25(OH)D (31.03 ± 13.20 vs. 22.29± 13.42 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The length of hospital stay was practically the same between groups who received and did not receive supplementation during the 2 months prior to hospitalization (6.36 ± 3.32 vs. 6.71 ± 4.33 days, P: 0.004). Similarly, people who took supplements during the past year had practically similar hospitalization lengths (6.29 ± 4.13 vs. 6.74 ± 3.55 days, P: 0.004). Conclusion: In conclusion, although practically the length of hospital stay was the same in both groups of supplement consumers and others, immune-boosting supplements were associated with improved several laboratory indices. However, due to the cross-sectional nature of our study, further longitudinal studies seem to be essential.