Prevalencia de la prediabetes y sus comorbilidades en la población pediátrica mexicana / Prevalence of prediabetes and its comorbidities in the Mexican pediatric population

Objetivo: la prediabetes es un estado que se observa antes de la diabetes de tipo 2. La actual epidemia de obesidad puede ser una causa del aumento de la incidencia de la prediabetes. En México existen políticas públicas para el manejo de las enfermedades no comunicables. Sin embargo, la obesidad continúa aumentando. Nuestro objetivo fue elaborar un diagnóstico de prediabetes en la población pediátrica mexicana y contrastar la proporción de comorbilidades que presentaban los niños con y sin prediabetes. Metodología: se realizó un estudio transversal analítico de 569 participantes de 4 a 19 años de edad procedentes de escuelas públicas. Se tomaron variables antropométricas (peso, talla y circunferencia de la cintura) y clínicas (presión arterial), así como indicadores bioquímicos (glucosa, perfil lipídico y ácido úrico). Resultados: el 8,6 % de la población presentaba prediabetes. Las variables de mayor prevalencia de alteración fueron los triglicéridos, seguidos de la presión arterial sistólica. Los hombres tenían prevalencias más altas de prediabetes, presión arterial elevada e hiperuricemia. Los niños con prediabetes tenían mayor riesgo de presentar cifras elevadas de circunferencia de la cintura, presión arterial y ácido úrico. Conclusiones: la población pediátrica mexicana tiene una prevalencia elevada de prediabetes. Además, se encontró que el grupo con prediabetes tiene mayor riesgo de presentar cifras elevadas de triglicéridos, presión arterial, ácido úrico y colesterol total. (AU)

Background: prediabetes is a state observed before type-2 diabetes. Nowadays the obesity epidemic could be due to a rise in the incidence of prediabetes. Mexico has public policies for the management of non-communicable diseases. However, obesity rates continue to increase. The aim of this study was to elaborate on a diagnosis of prediabetes in the pediatric Mexican population, and compare the proportions of comorbidities that children with and without prediabetes had. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed with 569 participants of 4 to 19 years of age from public schools. Anthropometric (weight, height, and waist circumference), clinical (blood pressure), and biochemical (fasting glucose, lipidic profile, and uric acid) variables were collected. Results: in all, 8.6 % of the population had prediabetes. Variables with the highest altered prevalence included triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. Boys had higher rates of prediabetes, altered BP, and hyperuricemia than girls. Children with prediabetes had a greater risk of elevated waist circumference, blood pressure, and uric acid measures. Conclusions: the Mexican pediatric population had elevated rates of prediabetes. Furthermore, the group with prediabetes had a higher risk of presenting high values of triglycerides, blood pressure, uric acid, and total cholesterol. (AU)

ß-Carotene Oxygenase 1 Activity Modulates Circulating Cholesterol Concentrations in Mice and Humans.

BACKGROUND: Plasma cholesterol is one of the strongest risk factors associated with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and myocardial infarction. Human studies suggest that elevated plasma ß-carotene is associated with reductions in circulating cholesterol and the risk of myocardial infarction. The molecular mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of dietary ß-carotene and the activity of ß-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), which is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of ß-carotene to vitamin A, on circulating cholesterol concentration. METHODS: In our preclinical study, we compared the effects of a 10-d intervention with a diet containing 50 mg/kg of ß-carotene on plasma cholesterol in 5-wk-old male and female C57 Black 6 wild-type and congenic BCO1-deficient mice. In our clinical study, we aimed to determine whether 5 common small nucleotide polymorphisms located in the BCO1 locus affected serum cholesterol concentrations in a population of young Mexican adults from the Universities of San Luis Potosí and Illinois: A Multidisciplinary Investigation on Genetics, Obesity, and Social-Environment (UP AMIGOS) cohort. RESULTS: Upon ß-carotene feeding, Bco1-/- mice accumulated >20-fold greater plasma ß-carotene and had ∼30 mg/dL increased circulating total cholesterol (P < 0.01) and non-HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01) than wild-type congenic mice. Our results in the UP AMIGOS cohort show that the rs6564851 allele of BCO1, which has been linked to BCO1 enzymatic activity, was associated with a reduction in 10 mg/dL total cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.009) when adjusted for vitamin A and carotenoid intakes. Non-HDL-cholesterol concentration was also reduced by 10 mg/dL when the data were adjusted for vitamin A and total carotenoid intakes (P = 0.002), or vitamin A and ß-carotene intakes (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our results in mice and young adults show that BCO1 activity impacts circulating cholesterol concentration, linking vitamin A formation with the risk of developing ASCVD.