Quadruple therapies show a higher eradication rate compared to standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection within the LEGACy consortium. A multicenter observational study in European and Latin American countries.

INTRODUCTION: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of GC; therefore, its eradication reduces the risk of developing this neoplasia. There is extensive evidence regarding quadruple therapy with relevance to the European population. However, in Latin America, data are scarce. Furthermore, there is limited information about the eradication rates achieved by antibiotic schemes in European and Latin American populations. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of standard triple therapy (STT), quadruple concomitant therapy (QCT), and bismuth quadruple therapy (QBT) in six centers in Europe and Latin America. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out based on the LEGACy registry from 2017 to 2022. Data from adult patients recruited in Portugal, Spain, Chile, Mexico, and Paraguay with confirmed H. pylori infection who received eradication therapy and confirmatory tests at least 1 month apart were included. Treatment success by each scheme was compared using a mixed multilevel Poisson regression, adjusting for patient sex and age, together with country-specific variables, including prevalence of H. pylori antibiotic resistance (clarithromycin, metronidazole, and amoxicillin), and CYP2C19 polymorphisms. RESULTS: 772 patients were incorporated (64.64% females; mean age of 52.93 years). The total H. pylori eradication rates were 75.20% (255/339) with STT, 88.70% (159/178) with QCT, and 91.30% (191/209) with QBT. Both quadruple therapies (QCT-QBT) showed significantly higher eradication rates compared with STT, with an adjusted incidence risk ratio (IRR) of 1.25 (p: <0.05); and 1.24 (p: <0.05), respectively. The antibiotic-resistance prevalence by country, but not the prevalence of CYP2C19 polymorphism, showed a statistically significant impact on eradication success. CONCLUSIONS: Both QCT and QBT are superior to STT for H. pylori eradication when adjusted for country-specific antibiotic resistance and CYP2C19 polymorphism in a sample of individuals residing in five countries within two continents.

Efficacy of Hip Strengthening on Pain Intensity, Disability, and Strength in Musculoskeletal Conditions of the Trunk and Lower Limbs: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Grade Recommendations.

To investigate the efficacy of hip strengthening on pain, disability, and hip abductor strength in musculoskeletal conditions of the trunk and lower limbs, we searched eight databases for randomized controlled trials up to 8 March 2022 with no date or language restrictions. Random-effect models estimated mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Very low quality evidence suggested short-term effects (≤3 months) of hip strengthening on pain intensity (MD of 4.1, 95% CI: 2.1 to 6.2; two trials, n = 48 participants) and on hip strength (MD = 3.9 N, 95% CI: 2.8 to 5.1; two trials, n = 48 participants) in patellofemoral pain when compared with no intervention. Uncertain evidence suggested that hip strengthening enhances the short-term effect of the other active interventions on pain intensity and disability in low back pain (MD = -0.6 points, 95% CI: 0.1 to 1.2; five trials, n = 349 participants; MD = 6.2 points, 95% CI: 2.6 to 9.8; six trials, n = 389 participants, respectively). Scarce evidence does not provide reliable evidence of the efficacy of hip strengthening in musculoskeletal conditions of the trunk and lower limbs.

Methyl jasmonate induces selaginellin accumulation in Selaginella convoluta.

INTRODUCTION: Selaginellins are specialized metabolites and chemotaxonomic markers for Selaginella species. Despite the growing interest in these compounds as a result of their bioactivities, they are accumulated at low levels in the plant. Hence, their isolation and chemical characterization are often difficult, time consuming, and limiting for biological tests. Elicitation with the phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) could be a strategy to increase the content of selaginellins addressing their low availability problem, that also impairs pharmacological investigations. MATHERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we examined MeJA elicitation in Selaginella convoluta plants, a medicinal plant found in northeastern Brazil, by treating them with two different concentrations (MeJA: 50 and 100 µM), followed by chemical profiling after 12, 24 and 48 h after application. Samples were harvested and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSCION: MeJA treatment significantly impacted the chemical phenotype. Regarding shoots differences in the time-dependent increased accumulation of all metabolites when plants were subjected to 100 µM MeJA were observed while in roots, most metabolites had their concentrations decreased in a time-dependent fashion at the same conditions. Results support organ, MeJA concentration and time post-treatment dependence of specialized metabolite accumulation, mainly the flavonoids and selaginellins. The amount of Selaginellin G in shoots of MeJA-treated specimens increased in 5.63-fold relative to control. The molecular networking approach allowed for the putative annotation of 64 metabolites, among them, the MeJA treatment followed by targeted metabolome analysis also allowed to annotate seven unprecedented selaginellins. Additionally, the in silico bioactive potential of the annotated selaginellins highlighted targets related to neurodegenerative disorders, antiproliferative, and antiparasitic issues. Taken together, data point out MeJA exposure as a strategy to induce potentially bioactive selaginellins accumulation in S. convoluta, this approach could enable a deep investigation about the metabolic function of these metabolites in the genus as well as regarding pharmacological exploration of the undervalued potential.

Erythroxylum pungens Tropane Alkaloids: GC-MS Analysis and the Bioactive Potential of 3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)tropan-6,7-diol in Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Tropane alkaloids are specialized plant metabolites mostly found in the Erythroxylaceae and Solanaceae families. Although tropane alkaloids have a high degree of structural similarity because of the tropane ring, their pharmacological actions are quite distinct. Brazil is one of the main hotspots of Erythroxylum spp. diversity with 123 species (almost 66% of the species catalogued in tropical America). Erythroxylum pungens occurs in the Caatinga, a promising biome that provides bioactive compounds, including tropane alkaloids. As part of our efforts to investigate this species, 15 alkaloids in specimens harvested under different environmental conditions are presented herein. The occurrence of 3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)tropan-6,7-diol in the stem bark of plants growing in their natural habitat, greenhouse controlled conditions, and after a period of water restriction, suggests that it is a potential chemical marker for the species. This alkaloid was evaluated for several parameters in zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism. Regarding toxicity, teratogenic effects were observed at 19.5 µM and the lethal dose for embryos was 18.4 µM. No mortality was observed in adults, but a behavioral screen showed psychostimulatory action at 116.7 µM. Overall, the alkaloid was able to cause zebrafish behavioral changes, prompting further investigation of its potential as a new molecule in the treatment of depression-like symptoms. In silico, targets involved in antidepressant pathways were identified by docking.

"Depois dos quinze": discursos sobre corpos entre mulheres jovens no ciberespaço / "After the fifteen": discourses on bodies among young women in cyberspace / "Después de los quince": discursos sobre cuerpos entre mujeres jóvenes en el ciberespacio

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os discursos produzi - dos por mulheres jovens no blog "Depois dos Quinze". Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso na internet, que utilizou a análise de conteúdo para a categorização dos discursos das jovens. No blog pesquisado observaram-se constantes trocas sobre inúmeras temá- ticas que interpelam as jovens frequentadoras, destacando-se o corpo como tema central nesse cenário. Verificaram-se processos de empode - ramento dos sujeitos construídos a partir de discursos de resistência e ressignificação de padrões corporais hegemônicos. É a partir da identi -ficação de diferenças expressas no corpo que elas vão se constituindo como um grupo identitário, uma cultura de resistência.

This study aims to analyze the discourses produced by young women in the blog "Depois dos Quinze" (After Fifteen). This paper contains a qualitative research, of the case study type which uses content analysis for the categorization of the discourses of the young women. In the blog there have been constant exchanges on numerous themes that challenge the young women who participate in the interactions, and the body stands out as the central theme in this scenario. There were processes of empowerment of the individuals constructed from discourses of resistance and re-signification of hegemonic body patterns. It is from the identification of differences expressed in the body that they are becoming an identity group, a culture of resistance.

El presente estudio tiene como finalidad analizar los discursos producidos por mujeres jóvenes en el blog Después de los Quince. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, del tipo estudio de caso en Internet que utilizó el análisis de contenido para la categorización de los discursos de las jóvenes. El blog se observaron constantes cambios sobre innumerables temáticas que interpelan las jóvenes frecuentadoras y se destaca el cuerpo como tema central en este escenario. Se verificaron procesos de empoderamiento de los sujetos construidos a partir de discursos de resistencia y resignificación de patrones corporales hegemónicos. Es a partir de la identificación de diferencias expresadas en el cuerpo que ellas se van constituyendo como un grupo identitrio, una cultura de resistencia.

Detecting creatine excreted in the urine of swimming athletes by means of Raman spectroscopy.

High-level sport requires analysis of athletes' metabolic conditions in order to improve the training. Raman spectroscopy can be used to assess urinary composition advantageously when compared to conventional methods of urinalysis. In this work, Raman spectroscopy has been employed to detect creatine in urine of professional swimmers before and after training compared to sedentaries. It has been collected urine samples from five swimmers before and immediately after 150 min of swimming and submitted to Raman spectroscopy (830 nm excitation, 350 mW laser power, 20 s integration time) and compared to the urine from a control group (14 sedentary subjects). The Raman spectra of urine from four swimmers after training showed peaks related to creatine at 829, 915, 1049, and 1397 cm-1, besides peaks referred to urea, creatinine, ketone bodies, and phosphate. A spectral model estimated the concentration of creatine to be from 0.26 to 0.72 g/dL in the urine of these athletes. The presence of this metabolic biomarker in the urine of some swimmers suggests a metabolic profile influenced by the diet, supplementation, individual metabolism, and the self-response to the training. Raman spectroscopy allows a rapid and reliable detection of creatine excreted in the urine of swimming athletes, which may be used to adjust the nutrition/supplementation of each individual as well as the individual response and energy consumption depending on the type and duration of the training.

Are patients with a nasally placed feeding tube at risk of potential drug-drug interactions? A multicentre cross-sectional study.

AIMS: The primary aims were to determine the rate of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) in patients with nasally placed feeding tubes (NPFT) and the factors significantly associated with pDDIs. The secondary aim was to assess the change in pDDIs for patients between admission and discharge. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This multicentre study applied a cross-sectional design and was conducted in six Brazilian hospitals, from October 2016 to July 2018. Data from patients with NPFT were collected through electronic forms. All regular medications prescribed were recorded. Medications were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code. Drug-drug interaction screening software was used to screen patients' medications for pDDIs. Negative binomial regression was used to account for the over dispersed nature of the pDDI count. Since the number of pDDIs was closely related to the number of prescribed medications, we modelled the rate of pDDIs with the count of pDDIs as the numerator and the number of prescribed medications as the denominator; six variables were considered for inclusion: time (admission or discharge), patient age, patient gender, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, type of prescription (electronic or handwritten) and patient care complexity. To account for correlation within the two time points (admission and discharge) for each patient a generalised estimating equations approach was used to adjust the standard error estimates. To test the change in pDDI rate between admission and discharge a full model of six variables was fitted to generate an adjusted estimate. RESULTS: In this study, 327 patients were included. At least one pDDI was found in more than 91% of patients on admission and discharge and most of these pDDIs were classified as major severity. Three factors were significantly associated with the rate of pDDIs per medication: patient age, patient care complexity and prescription type (handwritten vs electronic). There was no evidence of a difference in pDDI rate between admission and discharge. CONCLUSION: Patients with a NPFT are at high risk of pDDIs. Drug interaction screening tools and computerized clinical decision support systems could be effective risk mitigation strategies for this patient group.

Endovascular treatment of bilateral isolated aneurysm of the internal iliac artery.

Isolated aneurysms of the iliac arteries comprise less than 2% of abdominal aneurysms. The internal iliac artery is involved in 10-30% of cases. In most cases patients are asymptomatic, unless rupture occurs. They can be diagnosed by Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging or, preferably, angiotomography. Significant expansion, diameter of 3 cm or greater, and symptomatic cases are indications for surgery. We present the case of a patient with an incidental ultrasonographic finding of bilateral aneurysm of the internal iliac arteries, both with indications for surgery. The patient was successfully treated with endovascular techniques, first repairing the right internal iliac with a branched iliac stent graft, preserving patency, then embolizing the left internal iliac artery. Knowledge of the various different techniques and devices and their limitations is fundamental to adequate planning of endovascular treatment, even in rare cases.

Clinical and pathological aspects of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in cats / Aspectos clínicos e patológicos em felinos com fibrose pulmonar idiopática

Interstitial lung diseases are a group of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases that include interstitial lung fibrosis. The aim of this study is to characterize the clinical and pathological findings of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in three cats and to investigate possible etiological agents through bacteriological and mycological exams and immunohistochemistry. All three cats were female and aged from 10 to 14 years old, they presented with a clinical history of weight loss and dyspnea. The radiographic changes were similar in all cats and included increased pulmonary radiopacity with a mixed bronchointerstitial pattern progressing to an alveolar pattern. Two cats died during lung biopsy procedures. At necropsy, the lesions were limited to the pulmonary parenchyma and were firm, hypocrepitant with a multinodular appearance on the pleural surface; they failed to completely collapse when the thorax was opened. In the pleural region, there were multifocal star-shaped scarring lesions, with parenchymal retraction. Microscopically, all three cats had multifocal-to-coalescing fibrosis, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, hypertrophy or hyperplasia of the smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchioles and an accumulation of macrophages within the alveolar spaces. There was no growth on bacteriological or mycological cultures, and the immunohistochemical evaluations for the presence of viral etiological agents (FIV, FeLV, FCoV, FCV and FHV-1) were also negative.(AU)

As enfermidades pulmonares intersticiais são um grupo de doenças difusas do parênquima pulmonar, nas quais a fibrose pulmonar está incluída. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar os achados clínicos e patológicos da fibrose pulmonar idiopática em três gatas, e avaliar possíveis agentes etiológicos através dos exames bacteriológicos, micológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. As três gatas tinham entre 10 e 14 anos de idade e histórico clínico de emagrecimento e dispneia. As alterações radiográficas observadas foram similares, com aumento de radiopacidade difuso dos campos pulmonares de padrão misto broncointersticial e eventualmente alveolar. Dois felinos morreram durante procedimento de biópsia pulmonar. No exame de necropsia as lesões eram exclusivas no parênquima pulmonar os quais estavam firmes, hipocreptantes, com aspecto levemente multinodular em superfície pleural e não colapsaram após a abertura da cavidade torácica. Em região pleural havia lesões cicatriciais de aspecto estrelar multifocais, com retração do parênquima. Microscopicamente, todos os gatos apresentaram fibrose multifocal a coalescente, hiperplasia dos pneumócitos do tipo II e hiperplasia e hipertrofia do músculo liso de bronquíolos terminais e acúmulo de macrófagos no interior de espaços alveolares. Não houve crescimento nas culturas bacteriana e micológica, e os exames de imuno-histoquímica para avaliação de possíveis agentes virais (FIV, FeLV, FCoV, FCV e FHV-1) foram negativos em todos os felinos.(AU)

Clinical and pathological aspects of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in cats / Aspectos clínicos e patológicos em felinos com fibrose pulmonar idiopática

Interstitial lung diseases are a group of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases that include interstitial lung fibrosis. The aim of this study is to characterize the clinical and pathological findings of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in three cats and to investigate possible etiological agents through bacteriological and mycological exams and immunohistochemistry. All three cats were female and aged from 10 to 14 years old, they presented with a clinical history of weight loss and dyspnea. The radiographic changes were similar in all cats and included increased pulmonary radiopacity with a mixed bronchointerstitial pattern progressing to an alveolar pattern. Two cats died during lung biopsy procedures. At necropsy, the lesions were limited to the pulmonary parenchyma and were firm, hypocrepitant with a multinodular appearance on the pleural surface; they failed to completely collapse when the thorax was opened. In the pleural region, there were multifocal star-shaped scarring lesions, with parenchymal retraction. Microscopically, all three cats had multifocal-to-coalescing fibrosis, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, hypertrophy or hyperplasia of the smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchioles and an accumulation of macrophages within the alveolar spaces. There was no growth on bacteriological or mycological cultures, and the immunohistochemical evaluations for the presence of viral etiological agents (FIV, FeLV, FCoV, FCV and FHV-1) were also negative.(AU)

As enfermidades pulmonares intersticiais são um grupo de doenças difusas do parênquima pulmonar, nas quais a fibrose pulmonar está incluída. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar os achados clínicos e patológicos da fibrose pulmonar idiopática em três gatas, e avaliar possíveis agentes etiológicos através dos exames bacteriológicos, micológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. As três gatas tinham entre 10 e 14 anos de idade e histórico clínico de emagrecimento e dispneia. As alterações radiográficas observadas foram similares, com aumento de radiopacidade difuso dos campos pulmonares de padrão misto broncointersticial e eventualmente alveolar. Dois felinos morreram durante procedimento de biópsia pulmonar. No exame de necropsia as lesões eram exclusivas no parênquima pulmonar os quais estavam firmes, hipocreptantes, com aspecto levemente multinodular em superfície pleural e não colapsaram após a abertura da cavidade torácica. Em região pleural havia lesões cicatriciais de aspecto estrelar multifocais, com retração do parênquima. Microscopicamente, todos os gatos apresentaram fibrose multifocal a coalescente, hiperplasia dos pneumócitos do tipo II e hiperplasia e hipertrofia do músculo liso de bronquíolos terminais e acúmulo de macrófagos no interior de espaços alveolares. Não houve crescimento nas culturas bacteriana e micológica, e os exames de imuno-histoquímica para avaliação de possíveis agentes virais (FIV, FeLV, FCoV, FCV e FHV-1) foram negativos em todos os felinos.(AU)

Lynch-like syndrome is as frequent as Lynch syndrome in early-onset nonfamilial nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.

Early-onset (<50 years-old) nonpolyposis nonfamilial colorectal cancer (EO NP NF CRC) is a common clinical challenge. Although Lynch syndrome (LS) is associated with EO CRC, the frequency of this syndrome in the EO NF cases remains unknown. Besides, mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) CRCs with negative MMR gene testing have recently been described in up to 60% of cases and termed "Lynch-like syndrome" (LLS). Management and counseling decisions of these patients are complicated because of unconfirmed suspicions of hereditary cancer. To define the prevalence of MMR deficient CRCs, LS and LLS in patients with EO NP NF CRC, we recruited 102 patients with a first diagnosis of NP NF CRC ≤ 50 years old during 2003-2009 who underwent genetic counseling at our institution in Argentina. Tumor immunohistochemical (IHC) MMR for protein expression and microsatellite instability (MSI) status were evaluated, and in those with loss of MLH1 expression by IHC, somatic BRAF V600E mutation and both somatic and germline MLH1 methylation levels were studied. Tumors characterized as MMRd without somatic BRAF mutation nor MLH1 methylation were sent for germline analysis. Twenty one (20.6%) tumors were MMRd. Fourteen of 16 putative LS cases underwent germline testing: 6 pathogenic mutations were identified and 8 cases had no identifiable pathogenic mutations. The prevalence of LS and LLS in this cohort was 5.8% (6/102) and 7.8% (8/102), respectively. As a conclusion we found that 20% of patients with EO NP NF CRC have MMRd tumors, and at least half of these are likely to have LLS.

Isolation, spectral characterization, molecular docking, and cytotoxic activity of alkaloids from Erythroxylum pungens O. E. Shulz.

Stem bark, root bark, and leaf extracts of Erythroxylum pungens were subjected to phytochemical analysis. N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) was isolated and characterized from E. pungens roots. This unprecedented result is remarkable since no indole alkaloid has been previously reported from Erythroxylaceae so far. Eleven known tropane alkaloids were identified by their mass spectra and 3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)tropan-6,7-diol as well as 3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)nortropan-6,7-diol were isolated and characterized based on mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C, COSY, and NOESY NMR analysis. The complete NMR data are reported for the first time. Inverse Structure-based and Ligand-Based virtual screening were carried out to identify possible targets for 3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)tropan-6,7-diol. The level of cytotoxicity of this tropane alkaloid aliphatic ester was discrete with potencies on the order of 0.3-1.0 mg/mL and better results against HeLa (50% cell viability reduction). Otherwise, atropine (0.3 mg/mL), a Solanaceae tropane alkaloid, and DMT (0.5 mg/mL) from E. pungens roots impaired at 50% the cell viability against HeLa, SiHa, PC3, and 786-0. This study stimulates scientific investigation of the impact of edaphoclimatic features in a semi-arid environment on tropane alkaloid biosynthesis.

Detecting urine metabolites related to training performance in swimming athletes by means of Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis.

Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a vibrational technique that is suitable for performing biochemical analyses in human tissues and fluids. This work has investigated the identification of biochemical markers due to physical performance in the urine of swimming athletes. This was achieved by means of the Raman features that were found before and after the swimming training compared to the sedentary control subjects. These particular biochemical marker identifications refer to and infer the physiological status of individuals. The urine samples (single stream) were collected before and after the training (velocity, middle distance and distance) of professional swimmers, as well as from sedentary subjects (control). The urine samples were submitted to RS (830 nm excitation, 350 mW, 400-1800 cm-1 spectral range, 4 cm-1 resolution) and the spectra after the training were compared to the spectra before training, and subsequently, to the control subjects. The principal component analysis (PCA) was employed in order to identify the biochemicals that were responsible for the spectral differences. The Raman features of the urine samples after training showed peaks that were related to common urine metabolites, such as urea and creatinine. PCA analysis also revealed Raman features that were attributed to other metabolites, such as creatine, ketone bodies, phosphate and nitrogenous compounds in the swimmers after training. RS was a rapid and reliable technique for the evaluation of urine metabolites that were related to the physical performance of high-level swimmers, which then allowed for an accurate assessment and a control of their physiological efficiencies.

Processo de socialização e promoção da Cultura de Paz na perspectiva de policiais militares / Socialization process and promotion of a Culture of Peace from the perspective of Military Police Officers

Conflitos violentos têm protagonizado grandes tragédias em todo o mundo. Isso ocorre porque a sociedade promove práticas culturais onde competição, agressão e violência são toleradas e mesmo incentivadas. A Cultura de Paz está intrinsecamente relacionada à cooperação e à resolução não violenta dos conflitos. Considerando o contexto da Polícia Militar, este estudo objetivou analisar e compreender a complexidade dos conceitos e valores de violência, paz e Cultura de Paz apresentados por policiais militares. A pesquisa qualitativa realizou entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis policiais militares, quatro homens e duas mulheres, e o procedimento de análise seguiu o modelo construtivo-interpretativo. Observou-se que os policiais militares têm dificuldades com o tema da Cultura de Paz e em conceituar e admitir a existência de conflitos positivos. Além disso, não se reconhecem como agentes promotores da Paz nos diversos contextos em que atuam, mas a isto se dispõem após refletirem sobre o tema.(AU)

Violent conflicts have led to tragedies worldwide. This happens because society promotes cultural practices in which competition, violence, and aggression are tolerated and even encouraged. The Culture of Peace is intrinsically related to cooperation and peaceful conflict resolution. Taking into account the Military Police context, the present study aims at analyzing and understanding the complexity of the concepts and values of violence, peace, and Culture of Peace presented by the officers. The qualitative methodology was used and semi-structured interviews were conducted with six military police officers, four men and two women. The analyses were based on an interpretive-constructivist approach. The participants demonstrated difficulties in conceptualizing a Culture of Peace and admitting the existence of positive conflicts. Moreover, they did not see themselves as peace promoters in the contexts in which they work. However, they envisioned that possibility after reflecting on the topic.(AU)

Processo de socialização e promoção da cultura de paz na perspectiva de policiais militares / Socialization process and promotion of a culture of peace from the perspective of military police officers

Conflitos violentos têm protagonizado grandes tragédias em todo o mundo. Isso ocorre porque a sociedade promove práticas culturais onde competição, agressão e violência são toleradas e mesmo incentivadas. A Cultura de Paz está intrinsecamente relacionada à cooperação e à resolução não violenta dos conflitos. Considerando o contexto da Polícia Militar, este estudo objetivou analisar e compreender a complexidade dos conceitos e valores de violência, paz e Cultura de Paz apresentados por policiais militares. A pesquisa qualitativa realizou entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis policiais militares, quatro homens e duas mulheres, e o procedimento de análise seguiu o modelo construtivo-interpretativo. Observou-se que os policiais militares têm dificuldades com o tema da Cultura de Paz e em conceituar e admitir a existência de conflitos positivos. Além disso, não se reconhecem como agentes promotores da Paz nos diversos contextos em que atuam, mas a isto se dispõem após refletirem sobre o tema.

Violent conflicts have led to tragedies worldwide. This happens because society promotes cultural practices in which competition, violence, and aggression are tolerated and even encouraged. The Culture of Peace is intrinsically related to cooperation and peaceful conflict resolution. Taking into account the Military Police context, the present study aims at analyzing and understanding the complexity of the concepts and values of violence, peace, and Culture of Peace presented by the officers. The qualitative methodology was used and semi-structured interviews were conducted with six military police officers, four men and two women. The analyses were based on an interpretive-constructivist approach. The participants demonstrated difficulties in conceptualizing a Culture of Peace and admitting the existence of positive conflicts. Moreover, they did not see themselves as peace promoters in the contexts in which they work. However, they envisioned that possibility after reflecting on the topic.

Formação e atuação profissional no contexto do Programa Esporte e Lazer da Cidade em Ubá, Minas Gerais / Professional training and performance in the context of a program for sport and leisure in Ubá, Minas Gerais / Formación profesional y actividades en el marco de un programa para el deporte y el ocio en Ubá, Minas Gerais

Este estudo busca identificar os saberes mobilizados na atuação profissional no Programa Esporte e Lazer da Cidade (PELC), no município de Ubá/MG. O método de pesquisa foi o estudo de caso. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram um questionário e entrevistas individuais, aplicados a um grupo de 12 agentes sociais e 3 coordenadoras do PELC, respectivamente. Os agentes sociais e coordenadoras ressaltaram que os saberes predominantemente mobilizados são os experienciais, oriundos de vivências anteriores ao curso de graduação, em que os conteúdos físicos e esportivos foram predominantes. Destaca-se a necessidade de ampliar e acionar outros saberes científicos e investir na formação continuada dos profissionais que atuam no campo das políticas públicas de esporte e lazer.

This case study aims at identifying the knowledge mobilized by professional performance in the Programa Esporte e Lazer da Cidade (PELC), in Uba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The research method was the case study. As for the techniques of data collection, a questionnaire and individual interviews were applied to a group of 12 social agents and 3 PELC coordinators, respectively. All the informants stressed that the knowledge they mobilized is predominantly experiential, usually derived from previous experiences in undergraduate courses, in which physical sports were predominant. The findings of this study highlight the need to expand and trigger other scientific knowledge and invest in the continuing education of professionals working in the field of public policy for sport and leisure.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar el conocimiento movilizado en el desempeño profesional en el Programa Esporte e lazer da Cidade (PELC) en la ciudad de Ubá, Minas Gerais. El método de investigación fue el estudio de caso. Las técnicas de recolección de datos fue un cuestionario y entrevistas, que se aplica a un grupo de 12 trabajadores sociales y 3 coordinadores del PELC, respectivamente. Los trabajadores sociales y coordinadores hicieron hincapié en que el conocimiento se movilizan predominantemente vivencial, que viene de las experiencias previas de pregrado, donde el contenido físico y los deportes eran predominantes. Destaca la necesidad de ampliar y activar otros conocimientos científicos e invertir en la formación continuada de los profesionales que trabajan en el campo de las políticas públicas para el deporte y el ocio.

Efeitos do fornecimento oral de suplementos nutricionais na sobrevivência e crescimento de leitões de baixo peso ao nascer / Effects of oral supply of nutritional supplements on survival and growth of low birth weight piglets

Background: High mortality is observed in piglets of low birth weight mainly due to their low body reserves and low colostrum consumption. Although nutritional supplements can be offered to these piglets in order to increase their survival and growth performance, the results concerning the beneficial effects of oral nutritional supplementation are still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral supply of nutritional supplements to low birth weight neonates, in the first hours of life, on their colostrum consumption, serum immunoglobulin G, rectal temperature, weight gain and mortality.Materials, Methods & Results: At birth, piglets with birth weight ranging from 794 to 1315 g were selected and randomly distributed among four treatments according to the nutritional supplement provided: Control (n = 305), Lianol (n = 306), Biostart (n = 306) and Lianol+Biostart (n = 305). At the first 24.3 ± 0.04 h after birth piglets remained with their biological mother and after that they were transferred to foster dams forming litters of 12 piglets, which were equally distributed among treatments (3 piglets of each treatment). At 24 h after birth, rectal temperature was measured (n = 143, n = 147, n = 152 and n = 144 piglets from Control, Lianol, Biostart, Lianol+Biostart groups, respectively), blood was collected to measure serum immunoglobulin G (21 animals per treatment) and all alive piglets were weighed to estimate the colostrum consumption. The mortality was recorded daily and necropsy was performed to determine the cause of death. The weight was measured at birth, at 24 h, 7 and 20 days after birth. The supplementation had no effect (P > 0.05) on rectal temperature at 24 h (38.8 ± 0.02ºC), colostrum consumption (274.3 ± 2.8 g) and serum IgG (24.2 ± 0.98 mg/mL).[...](AU)

Efeitos do fornecimento oral de suplementos nutricionais na sobrevivência e crescimento de leitões de baixo peso ao nascer / Effects of oral supply of nutritional supplements on survival and growth of low birth weight piglets

Background: High mortality is observed in piglets of low birth weight mainly due to their low body reserves and low colostrum consumption. Although nutritional supplements can be offered to these piglets in order to increase their survival and growth performance, the results concerning the beneficial effects of oral nutritional supplementation are still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral supply of nutritional supplements to low birth weight neonates, in the first hours of life, on their colostrum consumption, serum immunoglobulin G, rectal temperature, weight gain and mortality.Materials, Methods & Results: At birth, piglets with birth weight ranging from 794 to 1315 g were selected and randomly distributed among four treatments according to the nutritional supplement provided: Control (n = 305), Lianol (n = 306), Biostart (n = 306) and Lianol+Biostart (n = 305). At the first 24.3 ± 0.04 h after birth piglets remained with their biological mother and after that they were transferred to foster dams forming litters of 12 piglets, which were equally distributed among treatments (3 piglets of each treatment). At 24 h after birth, rectal temperature was measured (n = 143, n = 147, n = 152 and n = 144 piglets from Control, Lianol, Biostart, Lianol+Biostart groups, respectively), blood was collected to measure serum immunoglobulin G (21 animals per treatment) and all alive piglets were weighed to estimate the colostrum consumption. The mortality was recorded daily and necropsy was performed to determine the cause of death. The weight was measured at birth, at 24 h, 7 and 20 days after birth. The supplementation had no effect (P > 0.05) on rectal temperature at 24 h (38.8 ± 0.02ºC), colostrum consumption (274.3 ± 2.8 g) and serum IgG (24.2 ± 0.98 mg/mL).[...]

Contando e recontando / Telling and retelling

Este artigo é o resultado do trabalho realizado por psicólogos do Serviço de Relações com a Comunidade do IEPP (Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa em Psicoterapia), com o foco na prevenção em saúde mental, utilizando os contos infantis como mediadores. Relata a experiência de dois grupos-piloto, um formado por crianças e outro por adolescentes, em que os contos foram o instrumento utilizado, de forma lúdica, para acessar o mundo interno das crianças e jovens institucionalizados(AU)

This paper is the result of a work developed by psychologists from the Service of Relations with the Community of the IEPP (Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa em Psicoterapia), focusing on the prevention of mental health using fairy tales as a tool. It reports the experience of two pilot groups, one composed by children and another one by adolescents, in which the tales were a playful tool to access the internal world of institutionalized children and adolescents(AU)