RESUMEN
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Caryocar brasiliense pulp oil (pequi oil - PO) is rich in oleic acid and carotenoids and positively implicated in regulating inï¬ammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated PO's antioxidant and anti-inï¬ammatory effects in a diet-induced obesity model. Male Wistar rats were allocated into three experimental groups: Control (CD), Western Diet (WD), and Western Diet, with 27% of lard switched by PO (WDP). Metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated after 12 weeks of diet protocols in liver and adipose tissue. WDP rats gained less body mass and epididymal fat, had less hepatic fat infiltration, and were more glucose-tolerant and insulin-sensitive than WD (p < 0.05). In the liver, the WDP group had the highest non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, SOD and GPx activities, CAT, SOD II, and HSP72 expression compared to WD (p < 0.05). Adipose tissue IL-6 and TNF were reduced, and IL-10 was increased in WDP compared to WD (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the partial replacement of lard by PO in a Western diet prevented visceral fat accumulation and contributed to reducing inflammation in adipose tissue and liver oxidative stress, improving obesity-related insulin resistance.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Resistencia a la Insulina , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/metabolismo , Inflamación , Estrés Oxidativo , Insulina/metabolismo , Carotenoides/farmacología , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en GrasaRESUMEN
We previously demonstrated that a 50% caloric restriction (CR) from birth improves several cardiometabolic risk factors in young rats. In this study, we investigated in middle-aged rats the consequences of a 50% CR from birth on cardiometabolic risk factors, heart function/morphology, ventricular arrhythmia, and fibrillation incidence, and cardiac intracellular proteins involved with redox status and cell survival. From birth to the age of 18 months, rats were divided into an Ad Libitum (AL18) group, which had free access to food, and a CR18 group, which had food limited to 50% of that consumed by the AL18. Resting metabolic rate, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded, and oral glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests were performed. Blood was collected for biochemical analyses, and visceral fat and liver were harvested and weighed. Hearts were harvested for cardiac function, histological, redox status, and western blot analyses. The 50% CR from birth potentially reduced several cardiometabolic risk factors in 18-month-old rats. Moreover, compared with AL18, the CR18 group showed a â¼50% increase in cardiac contractility and relaxation, nearly three to five times less incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and fibrillation, â¼18% lower cardiomyocyte diameter, and â¼60% lower cardiac fibrosis. CR18 hearts also improved biomarkers of antioxidant defense and cell survival. Collectively, these results reveal several metabolic and cardiac antiaging effects of a 50% CR from birth in middle-aged rats.
Asunto(s)
Restricción Calórica , Corazón , Ratas , Animales , Restricción Calórica/métodos , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Arritmias CardíacasRESUMEN
AIMS: Intestinal nutrient absorption plays a vital role in developing obesity, and nutrient transporters expressed in the enterocytes facilitate this process. Moreover, previous studies have shown that specific foods and diets can affect their cell levels. Herein, we investigated the effects of pequi oil (PO), which is high in several bioactive compounds, on intestinal nutrient transporter levels as well as on intestinal morphology and metabolic biomarkers. MAIN METHODS: Groups of male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard (C) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and pequi oil (CP and HFDP with PO by gavage at 150 mg/day) for eight weeks. Food intake and body weight were monitored, serum metabolic biomarkers, intestinal transporter levels and histological analyses were performed. KEY FINDINGS: PO increased caloric intake without increasing body or fat mass regardless of diet. The HFD group treated with PO reduced fasting blood glucose and villus width. PO did not affect GLUT2, L-FABP, FATP4, NPC1L1, NHE3 or PEPT1 content in CP or HFDP groups. GLUT5 and FAT/CD36 levels were reduced in both CP and HFDP. SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest that PO attenuated monosaccharide and fatty acid absorption, contributing to lower fasting glycemia and higher food intake without affecting body weight or visceral fat of high-fat feed mice.
Asunto(s)
Glucemia/metabolismo , Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Carotenoides/farmacología , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 5/metabolismo , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Ingestión de Energía , Ericales/química , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Control Glucémico , Hiperglucemia/etiología , Hiperglucemia/patología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Obesidad/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) oil is high in monounsaturated fat acids (MUFA), especially oleic, and in carotenoids, which have been associated with protection against cardiovascular disease. However, this food is poorly studied in this context, especially in the cardiac function. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a long-term intake of pequi oil in systemic cardiovascular risk factors and in the ex vivo cardiac function of rats. METHODS: Previously, we determined fatty acids and carotenoids in pequi oil. Next, male rats were divided in C - control group feed a standard diet, and PO - pequi oil group fed the same diet added pequi oil (+2.25 g.100 g-1). After 15 weeks, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, blood pressure, heart rate, hepatic lipids were accessed and visceral fat pads were harvested. Hearts were used for the ex vivo cardiac function, histologic assays, SERCA2a and phospholanban (PLB) determinations. RESULTS: In agreement with scientific data, pequi oil had expressive amounts MUFA, especially oleic acid, and carotenoids. Hepatic triglycerides (TG) were reduced by pequi oil intake (p < 0.05). All others cardiovascular risk factors were not changed. The intrinsic heart rate was lower in PO group (p < 0.05). SERCA2a content was higher in this group (p < 0.05), without affecting PLB. Also, SERCA2a/PLB ratio increased in PO group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pequi oil intake improved cardiac function ex vivo, despite no significant changes in systemic cardiovascular risk factors. The higher lipid offer in pequi oil diet, its composition in oleic acid and carotenoids could be related to those effects.