Autophagy protein ATG-16.2 and its WD40 domain mediate the beneficial effects of inhibiting early-acting autophagy genes in C. elegans neurons.

While autophagy genes are required for lifespan of long-lived animals, their tissue-specific roles in aging remain unclear. Here, we inhibited autophagy genes in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons, and found that knockdown of early-acting autophagy genes, except atg-16.2, increased lifespan, and decreased neuronal PolyQ aggregates, independently of autophagosomal degradation. Neurons can secrete protein aggregates via vesicles called exophers. Inhibiting neuronal early-acting autophagy genes, except atg-16.2, increased exopher formation and exopher events extended lifespan, suggesting exophers promote organismal fitness. Lifespan extension, reduction in PolyQ aggregates and increase in exophers were absent in atg-16.2 null mutants, and restored by full-length ATG-16.2 expression in neurons, but not by ATG-16.2 lacking its WD40 domain, which mediates noncanonical functions in mammalian systems. We discovered a neuronal role for C. elegans ATG-16.2 and its WD40 domain in lifespan, proteostasis and exopher biogenesis. Our findings suggest noncanonical functions for select autophagy genes in both exopher formation and in aging.

Caregiver Satisfaction with Emergency Department Care for Pediatric Patients with Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

OBJECTIVE: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) often encounter increased adversity when navigating the health care system. In this study, we explored the pediatric emergency department (PED) experience for patients with NDDs and their caregivers compared with that of patients without NDDs. METHODS: Data for this study were obtained from National Research Corporation patient experience survey questionnaires and electronic medical record (EMR) data for patients presenting to a PED between May 2018 and September 2019. ED satisfaction was determined by the top-box approach; ED ratings of 9/10 or 10/10 were considered to reflect high ED satisfaction. Demographics, Emergency Severity Index, ED length of stay, time from arrival to triage, time to provider assessment, and diagnoses were extracted from the EMR. Patients with NDDs were identified based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes; patients with intellectual disabilities, pervasive and specific developmental disorders, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders were included in the NDD cohort. One-to-one propensity score matching between patients with and without NDDs was performed, and a multivariable logistic regression model was built on the matched cohort. RESULTS: Patients with NDDs represented over 7% of survey respondents. Matching was successful for 1162 patients with NDDs (99.5%), resulting in a matched cohort sample size of 2324. Caregivers of patients with NDDs had 25% lower odds of reporting high ED satisfaction (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.91, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Caregivers of patients with NDDs make up a significant proportion of survey respondents and are more likely to rate the ED poorly than caregivers of patients without NDDs. This suggests an opportunity for targeted interventions in this population to improve patient care and experience.

Birth Weight and Gestational Age as Modifiers of Rehospitalization after Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess interaction effects between gestational age and birth weight on 30-day unplanned hospital readmission following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study that uses the study site's Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database and electronic health records. Population included patients discharged from a NICU between January 2017 and March 2020. Variables encompassing demographics, gestational age, birth weight, medications, maternal data, and surgical procedures were controlled for. A statistical interaction between gestational age and birth weight was tested for statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 2,307 neonates were included, with 7.2% readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Statistical interaction between birth weight and gestational age was statistically significant, indicating that the odds of readmission among low birthweight premature patients increase with increasing gestational age, whereas decrease with increasing gestational age among their normal or high birth weight peers. CONCLUSION: The effect of gestational age on odds of hospital readmission is dependent on birth weight. KEY POINTS: · Population included patients discharged from a NICU between January 2017 and March 2020.. · A total of 2,307 neonates were included, with 7.2% readmitted within 30 days of discharge.. · The effect of gestational age on odds of hospital readmission is dependent on birth weight..

Cerner real-world data (CRWD) - A de-identified multicenter electronic health records database.

Cerner Real-World Data TM (CRWD) is a de-identified big data source of multicenter electronic health records. Cerner Corporation secured appropriate data use agreements and permissions from more than 100 health systems in the United States contributing to the database as of March 2022. A subset of the database was extracted to include data from only patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections and is referred to as the Cerner COVID-19 Dataset. The December 2021 version of CRWD consists of 100 million patients and 1.5 billion encounters across all care settings. There are 2.3 billion, 2.9 billion, 486 million, and 11.5 billion records in the condition, medication, procedure, and lab (laboratory test) tables respectively. The 2021 Q3 COVID-19 Dataset consists of 130.1 million encounters from 3.8 million patients. The size and longitudinal nature of CRWD can be leveraged for advanced analytics and artificial intelligence in medical research across all specialties and is a rich source of novel discoveries on a wide range of conditions including but not limited to COVID-19.

A super learner ensemble of 14 statistical learning models for predicting COVID-19 severity among patients with cardiovascular conditions.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular and other circulatory system diseases have been implicated in the severity of COVID-19 in adults. This study provides a super learner ensemble of models for predicting COVID-19 severity among these patients. METHOD: The COVID-19 Dataset of the Cerner Real-World Data was used for this study. Data on adult patients (18 years or older) with cardiovascular diseases between 2017 and 2019 were retrieved and a total of 13 of these conditions were identified. Among these patients, 33,042 admitted with positive diagnoses for COVID-19 between March 2020 and June 2020 (from 59 hospitals) were identified and selected for this study. A total of 14 statistical and machine learning models were developed and combined into a more powerful super learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity on admission to the hospital. RESULT: LASSO regression, a full extreme gradient boosting model with tree depth of 2, and a full logistic regression model were the most predictive with cross-validated AUROCs of 0.7964, 0.7961, and 0.7958 respectively. The resulting super learner ensemble model had a cross validated AUROC of 0.8006 (range: 0.7814, 0.8163). The unbiased AUROC of the super learner model on an independent test set was 0.8057 (95% CI: 0.7954, 0.8159). CONCLUSION: Highly predictive models can be built to predict COVID-19 severity of patients with cardiovascular and other circulatory conditions. Super learning ensembles will improve individual and classical ensemble models significantly.

Prolonged hospital length of stay in pediatric trauma: a model for targeted interventions.

BACKGROUND: In this study, trauma-specific risk factors of prolonged length of stay (LOS) in pediatric trauma were examined. Statistical and machine learning models were used to proffer ways to improve the quality of care of patients at risk of prolonged length of stay and reduce cost. METHODS: Data from 27 hospitals were retrieved on 81,929 hospitalizations of pediatric patients with a primary diagnosis of trauma, and for which the LOS was >24 h. Nested mixed effects model was used for simplified statistical inference, while a stochastic gradient boosting model, considering high-order statistical interactions, was built for prediction. RESULTS: Over 18.7% of the encounters had LOS >1 week. Burns and corrosion and suspected and confirmed child abuse are the strongest drivers of prolonged LOS. Several other trauma-specific and general pediatric clinical variables were also predictors of prolonged LOS. The stochastic gradient model obtained an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.912 (0.907, 0.917). CONCLUSIONS: The high performance of the machine learning model coupled with statistical inference from the mixed effects model provide an opportunity for targeted interventions to improve quality of care of trauma patients likely to require long length of stay. IMPACT: Targeted interventions on high-risk patients would improve the quality of care of pediatric trauma patients and reduce the length of stay. This comprehensive study includes data from multiple hospitals analyzed with advanced statistical and machine learning models. The statistical and machine learning models provide opportunities for targeted interventions and reduction in prolonged length of stay reducing the burden of hospitalization on families.

Caso familiar intradomiciliario de lepra tuberculoide e índice lepromatoso / No disponible

La lepra es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica causada por Mycobacterium leprae, que tiene especial tropismo por la piel, las membranas mucosas y los nervios periféricos. En general, cuando se manifiesta en los niños menores de quince años refleja la intensidad y la larga exposición a una gran carga bacteriana.1 En Paraguay, según datos del Programa Nacional de Control de Lepra, en el año 2013 se reportaron 408 casos nuevos, lo que corresponde a una tasa de 6,11 casos por 100.000 habitantes, 394 casos (96,6%) en pacientes mayores de 15 años y 14 casos (3,4%) en pacientes menores de 15 años.2 Presentamos un caso de Lepra familiar, donde el diagnóstico de un hombre con Lepra Lepromatosa condujo a la investigación de sus contactos intra-domiciliarios, en quienes se diagnosticaron casos de Lepra Tuberculoide (en dos de sus tres hijos). Este reporte demuestra la importancia de la realización de una pesquisa activa entre los contactos de los pacientes, constituyéndose así en una herramienta imprescindible, tanto para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento tempranos, así como para prevenir secuelas y eliminar la enfermedad como problema de salud pública

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which has special tropism for the skin, mucous membranes and peripheral nerves. In general, when it manifests in children under fifteen years old, reflects the intensity and long exposure to a high bacterial load.1 In Paraguay, according to the National Leprosy Control Programme, in the year 2013, 408 new cases were diagnosed, which corresponds to a rate of 6,11 cases per 100,000, 394 cases (96,6%) in patients older than 15 years old were reported, and 14 cases (3,4%) in patientsyounger than 15 years old.2 We present a case of family Leprosy, where the diagnosis of a man with Lepromatous Leprosy, led to the investigation of their household contacts, in which cases of Tuberculoid Leprosy were diagnosed in two of their three children. This report demonstrates the importance of conducting an active investigation between patient contacts, thus becoming an indispensable tool for both, the early diagnosis and treatment, as well as to prevent damage and eliminate the disease as a public health problem

Úlceras crónicas como presentación inicial de enfermedad de Hansen / No disponible

La enfermedad de Hansen, afección infecciosa y crónica causada por Mycobacterium leprae, presenta diferentes formas de presentación y espectro clínico caracterizándose por la afectación de piel y nervios. Patología antigua, endémica en varios países tropicales como el nuestro, presenta varias manifestaciones clínicas que obligan a múltiples diagnósticos diferenciales. Las ulceras forman parte de la sintomatología de esta enfermedad pudiéndose presentar en forma aguda y crónica dentro de las diversas formas clínicas y en los episodios reaccionales. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 67 años, ingresada al Servicio de Urgencias de nuestro hospital por un cuadro de hemorragia Digestiva Alta con lesiones ulcerosas de larga data en miembros inferiores como única lesión cutánea

Hansen's disease is an infectious and chronic pathology caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which presents multiple clinical features and is characterized for skin and nerves compromise. Ancient condition, endemic in tropical countries like ours, due to variable clinical presentation it lead us to many differential diagnosis. Ulcers are part of the spectrum of symptoms of this disease, which can appear as an acute or chronic lesion in every clinical form and in leprosy reactional episodes. We report the case of a 67 years old female hospitalized for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding with long term ulcers in lower limbs as unique skin lesion

Liquen escleroso anogenital: comunicación de un caso en una niña escolar / Lichen sclerosus anogenital: report of a case in a school girl

El liquen escleroso es una enfermedad mucocutánea crónica que puede aparecer en cualquier región del cuerpo, aunque tiene predilección por la zona anogenital. Afecta a ambos sexos a cualquier edad, pero predomina en mujeres entre la 4a y 6a década de vida y en niñas prepúberes. Si bien su etiología exacta es desconocida, factores genéticos, autoinmunitarios e infecciosos están implicados en su patogenia. Se manifiesta inicialmente con pápulas y placas eritematosas, que luego se transforman en lesiones blancas y escleróticas, presentando como síntomas acompañantes prurito, disuria, dispareuniay dolor a la defecación según la localización. Los corticoides de alta potencia son el tratamiento de elección, aunque también se han obtenido buenos resultados con los inhibidores de la calcineurina. Presentamos el caso de una escolar de sexo femenino con una lesióncompatible con liquen escleroso en la región perianal, que tuvobuena respuesta al tratamiento con tacrolimus tópico.

Lichen sclerosus is a chronic mucocutaneous disease with predilection forthe anogenitalregion,although it can appear elsewhere. It affects both genders at any age with female patients clearly outnumber male patients andwith a bimodal onset in women between 40 and 60 years and prepubertal girls. Exact etiology remains unknown, but genetics factors, autoimmunity and infections have been implicated. Initial clinical features are erythematous papules or plaques that turn into white and sclerotic lesions with pruritus, dysuria, dyspareunia or pain on defecation, depending on the affected region. The mainstay of treatment is ultra-potent corticosteroids, although it has been reported good outcomes with calcineurin inhibitors as well. We present the case of a schooled girl with a perianal lichen sclerosus with a good response to treatment with topical tacrolimus.

Hansen lepromatosos histioide. Características clínicas y Epidemiológicas en pacientes de la cátedra de dermatología del Hospital de clínicas, Facultad de ciencias médicas-Universidad Nacional. Asunción-Paraguay. Estudio retrospectivo de 7 años / No disponible

Introducción: El Hansen lepromatosos (HL) histoide de Wade es una forma de presentación de lepra multibacilar con características clínicas, histopatológicas y bacteriológicas específicas, que puede surgir de novo o después de un tratamiento inadecuado e irregular con la monoterapia con dapsona o la poliquimioterapia. Presenta escasa frecuencia de observación, que se estima entre 1,2-3,5% de los casos de lepra y de mayor ocurrencia en el sexo masculino. Objetivos: General: Describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes con Hansen lepromatoso variedad Histiodide de la Cátedra de Dermatología del Hospital de Clinicas (HC), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción Paraguay (FCM-UNA) en el período comprendido entre enero de 206 a diciembre de 2012. Específicos: 1. Establecer las características epidemiológicas de la población estudiada. 2. Describir las características clínicas observadas; 3. Determinar los casos surgidos de novo y la adhesión al tratamiento; 4. Describir el índice bacilifero y los episodios reacionales en la población estudiada. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo observacional, retrospoectivo, de corte transversal. Criterio de inclusión. Pacientes de cualquier edad y sexo con HL: histioide diagnosticados clínica e histopatológicamente de la Cátedra de Dermatología, FCM-UNA, entre de enero de 2006 a diciembre de 2012. Criterios de exclusión: Pacientes con HL con diagnóstico clínico presuntivo peros in confirmación histopatológica y pacientes con HL de variantes diferentes a la histioide. Resultados: Se encontraton 6,7% de pacientes con HL histioide sobre el total de pacientes con Hansen en el periodo de estudio, lo que corresponde al 20,3% de pacientes con HL, con predominio del sexo masculino y en zonas rurales. La franja etaria predominante fue la de 41 a 50 años, con un período de evolución de 1 a 3 años en el 38%. Solo un 10% de pacientes contaban con antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad. La clínica predominante fue de lesiones nodulares con afectación de tronco, abdomen y miembros. Todos los casos fueron de novo, sin tratamiento previo y el 20% presentó eritema nodoso reaccional. Todos fueron tratados con el esquema multibacilar (MB) de la OMS, con un 9,5% de abandono. Conclusión: esta variedad de HL a es poco frecuente, obligando a varios diagnósticos diferenciales. Debemos resaltar: 1. La importancia del diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz, ya que debido a la alta carga bacilifera, el paciente constitutye un importante reservorio de la enfermedad, y 2. La importancia del seguimiento a largo plazo durante y después del tratamiento de pacientes con Hansen lepromatoso variedad histiode (AU)

Introduction: Lepromatous leprosy (LL) histioid variant of Wade is a form of multibacillary leprosy presenting with specific clinical, histopathological and bacteriological features, which may arise de novo or after inadequate and irregular treatment with dapsone monotherapy or combination polichemotherapy. It is infrequent, which is estimated at 1.2-3.6% of cases of leprosy and with higher occurrence in males. Objectives: General. To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with LL histioid variant at the Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Clinicas (HC), Faculty of Medical Sciences of the National University of Asunción, Paraguay (FCM-UNA) in the period from January 2006 to December 2012. Specific: 1. To describe the epidemiological characteristics of the study population. 2. To describe the clinical features observed. 3. Determine cases arising de novo and treatment adherence. 4. To describe the bacillary index smear and reactional episodes in the study population. Material and Methods. A descriptive, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria. Patients of any age and sex with histioid LL clinically and histologically diagnosed at Department of Dermatology, HC, ECM-UNA, between January 2006 to December 2012. Exclusion criteria: Patients with presumptive clinical diagnosis of LL but without histopathological confirmation and patients with LL with different variants rather than histioid. Results: We found 8.7% of patients with histioid LL of the total patients with leprosy in he study period, corresponding to 20.3% of patients with LL, predominantly males and in rural areas. The predominant age group was 41 to 50 years, with a period of evolution of 1-3 years in the 38%. Only 10% of patients had a family history of the disease. The clinic was of nodular lesions with involvement of the trunk, abdomen and limbs. All cases were de novo, without prior treatment and 29% had erythema nodosum reaction. All were treated with the multibacillary WHO scheme (MB), with 9,5% drop. Conclusion: This variety is rare and raises many differential diagnoses. We should point our: 1. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment, as the high load of B1 in the smears, the patient is a significant reservoir of the disease, and 2. The importance of long term monitoring during and after treatment of patients with histoid LL (AU)

Interdental papillary house: a new concept and guide for clinicians.

Surgical and nonsurgical techniques have been proposed to regenerate interdental papillae. The results are influenced by the morphology of the interdental space, which is the housing for the papilla. The concept of the interdental papillary "house" has been established not only to allow diagnosis of the causes of papillary loss, but also to manage and predict reconstruction of the interdental gingival tissue. The adjacent teeth in contact, involving the proximal contact, contour and shape of the teeth, course of the cementoenamel junction, interdental distance, and underlying bone crest, determine the outline of the house. Since the components are combined, an understanding of each allows adequate treatment planning involving interdisciplinary procedures. This new concept serves as a guide and teaching aid for the practitioner.

Azithromycin as an adjunctive treatment of aggressive periodontitis: 12-months randomized clinical trial.

AIM: To assess the effect of systemic azithromycin as a supplement to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis (AgP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four individuals (13-26 years old) underwent a plaque control program, and then were treated with SRP. Subjects were assigned randomly into two groups; the test group used 500 mg azithromycin once a day for 3 days, whereas the control group used a placebo. Clinical variables were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The periodontal status at baseline and 12 months was compared using the Wald test, and adjusting for the effect of clustering of teeth within subjects. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in visible plaque, gingival bleeding, and supragingival calculus between groups throughout the study. Periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level improved significantly from baseline to 12 months in both groups, with the test group showing significantly more reduction in mean PPD compared with controls (2.88 mm versus 1.85 mm, respectively, p=0.025). Subjects administering azithromycin showed a higher percentage of teeth with attachment gain >or=1 mm (81.34 versus 63.63, p=0.037), whereas the controls had higher percentage of teeth with attachment loss >or=1 mm (11.57 versus 2.24, p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The adjunctive use of azithromycin has the potential to improve periodontal health of young patients with AgP.

Perfil motivacional de los funcionarios de la empresa comercializadora de hierbas aromáticas Fresh Herbs: un estudio de caso / Motivational profile of the civil employees of the commerce company of aromatic grass Fresh Herbs: A case study

En la investigación se estableció el perfil motivacional de los funcionarios de la empresa comercializadora de hierbas aromáticas Fresh Herbs. Igualmente, se desarrolló con base en un diseño descriptivo correlacional de las puntuaciones de los quince factores motivacionales internos y externos, así como los medios preferidos para conseguir las retribuciones esperadas en el trabajo, del Cuestionario de Motivación para el Trabajo (CMT) elaborado por Toro (1985), con las variables sociodemográficas de los participantes: edad, género, cargo y antigüedad en la empresa. Por último, se administró el cuestionario a una muestra de 21 funcionarios directamente relacionados con la empresa. Los resultados evidenciaron que el factor motivacional más significativo entre los participantes es el salario, que presenta la media más alta, mientras que el contenido del trabajo es el factor con la media más baja. A partir de lo anterior se plantearon algunas recomendaciones que la organización puede implementar para mejorar la calidad de vida en el trabajo y además obtener beneficio para el personal en su desarrollo competitivo y en la producción.

In this investigation the motivational profile of the civil employees of the commerce company of aromatic grass Fresh Herbs was established. It was developed under a correlational descriptive design of the scores of the 15 internal and external motivational factors and the favorite averages to obtain the repayments waited for in the work, from the Questionnaire of Work Motivation (CMT- Cuestionario de Motivación para el trabajo) elaborated by Toro (1985), with the socio-demographic variables of the participants: age, gender, position and antiquity in the company. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of twenty civil employees who directly are related to the company. The results showed that pay is the most significant motivational factor between the participants, factor that displays highest average, whereas the content of the work is the factor with the lowest average. From this, some recommendations that the organization can implement to improve the quality of life in the work, also, to obtain benefits for the personnel in their competitive development and the production, were considered.

Disinfection of gutta-percha cones with chlorhexidine

This study investigated the effectiveness of detergent and aqueous solutions of 2 percent chlorhexidine digluconate in decontaminating gutta-percha cones (gpc) contaminated with bacteria, yeast, or bacterial spores. Gutta-percha cones were contaminated with 10(7)-10(8) colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml) of the following test organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, or Candida albicans. Spores of Bacillus subtilis were also tested. Contaminated gpc were treated with the chlorhexidine solutions for 1, 5, 10, or 15 min. Each cone was then transferred to a tube containing saline and the micoorganisms were recovered after homogenization for cfu determination. Both detergent and aqueous chlorhexidine solutions were effective in eliminating S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans cells adhered on the surface of gpc within 1 min of exposure. E. coli was eliminated in 5 min with detergent solution. The Bacillus subtilis spores were eliminated by chlorhexidine solutions within 5 min. The results of this study demonstrated that both aqueous and detergent solutions of 2 percent chlorhexidine digluconate were effective in decontaminating gpc within 5 minutes of exposure.

No presente estudo foi investigada a eficácia das soluções aquosa e detergente de digluconato de clorexidina a 2 por cento na descontaminação de cones de guta-percha (cgp) contaminados experimentalmente com bactérias, leveduras ou esporos bacterianos. Os cones foram contaminados com 10(7) a 10(8) unidades formadores de colônias por mililitro (ufc/ml) dos seguintes microrganismos teste: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, ou Candida albicans. Esporos de Bacillus subtilis foram também testados. Os cones contaminados foram tratados com as soluções de clorexidina por, respectivamente, 1, 5, 10 ou 15 min. Cada cone foi então transferido para solução salina e homogeneizado para a determinação das ufc dos microorganismos. As soluções de clorexidina destruíram em 1 min as células de S. aureus, E. faecalis ou de C. albicans aderidas à superfície dos cgp. E. coli foi eliminada em 5 min com a solução detergente. Os esporos de Bacillus subtilis foram eliminados pelas soluções de clorexidina em 5 min. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que as soluções aquosa e detergente de clorexidina a 2 por cento foram efetivas na descontaminação dos cones de guta percha em 5 minutos.

Classificação das periodontites em indivíduos jovens: revisão da literatura e relato de casos clínicos / Classification of periodontitis in young individuals: literature review and case reports

Inúmeros sistemas classificatórios das doenças periodontais têm sido sugeridos ao longo das décadas. Particularmente, a classificação das periodontites em indivíduos jovens tem recebido especial atenção devido a recentes alterações propostas pela Academia Americana de Periodontia em 1999, alterando nomenclaturas anteriormente utilizadas por um período longo de tempo. Assim sendo, a presente revisão de literatura teve como objetivo descrever e discutir alguns termos de classificações utilizadas na literatura para as periodontites em indivíduos jovens. Além disso, descrever casos clínicos de periodontites em jovens a fim de ilustrar possíveis classificações nesse tipo de paciente.

Tratamento da periodontite agressiva e alterações nos compostos sulfurados voláteis / Treatment of aggressive periodontitis and alterations on volatile sulfur compounds

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento periodontal na produção de compostos sulfurados voláteis (CSV) em pacientes com periodontite agressiva. Foram incluídos 17 indivíduos (13-26 anos) com pelo menos um molar/incisivo com profundidade de sondagem (PS) e perda de inserção (PI)=4 mm. O tratamento foi realizado em duas fases: Tratamento da gengivite (controle de placa supragengival por 14 dias), e da periodontite (raspagem e alisamento radicular e subgengival). Placa visível, sangramento gengival, PS e PI foram avaliados no início, após tratamento da gengivite, 3 e 6 meses após tratamento da periodontite. CSV foram medidos nos mesmos momentos com um monitor portátil de CSV (Halimeter). Alterações foram comparadas ao longo do estudo através do teste de Friedman. Associações entre variáveis clínicas e alterações nos CSV foram avaliadas com correlação de Pearson (r). Níveis de placa e gengivite reduziram significativamente ao longo dos 6 meses. Houve reduções significativas do início para o final do estudo em PS (3,2 ± 0,8mm para 2,3 ± 0,3mm; p<0,001) e PI (1,6 ± 1,0mm para 1,3 ± 0,9 mm; p<0,001). Os níveis de CSV se mostraram reduzidos ao longo do estudo e não se alteraram significativamente (medianas: 34 ppb inicial, 36 ppb após controle de placa, 57 ppb 3 meses, 18 ppb 6 meses; p=0,197). Indivíduos com maiores percentuais de placa antes do tratamento da periodontite demonstraram maiores reduções de CSV após o mesmo (r=0,54; p=0,024). Conclui-se que o tratamento periodontal não levou a alterações nos níveis de CSV em pacientes com periodontite agressiva

Avaliação da eficácia da azitromicina como coadjuvante no tratamento da periodontite agressiva em indivíduos jovens: desfechos clínicos e radiográficos 12 meses após o tratamento / Efficacy of azithromycin as adjunct in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis in young individuals: clinical outcomes 12 months after treatment

O presente estudo é um ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego controlado por placebo que teve como objetivo comparar raspagem e alisamento radicular subgengival com e sem azitromicina no tratamento da periodontite agressiva em indivíduos jovens. Foram incluídos no estudo 22 indivíduos (13-26 anos) com pelo menos um molar/incisivo permanente com profundidade de sondagem (PS) e perda de inserção (PI) ≥4mm. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupos teste (n=11) e controle (n=11), após estratificação para hábito de fumar e extensão da doença. O tratamento foi dividido em duas fases: controle de placa supragengival e subgengival. A primeira fase foi realizada num período de duas semanas, seguida por sessões de raspagem e alisamento radicular (RASUB). O grupo teste também usou azitromicina 500mg uma vez ao dia por 3 dias e o grupo controle recebeu placebo. A medicação foi iniciada na primeira sessão de RASUB. Os parâmetros analisados foram: Índice de Placa Visível (IPV), Índice de Sangramento Gengival (ISG), profundidade de sondagem (PS), sangramento à sondagem (SS) e perda de inserção (PI) no início, após 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses. Tomadas radiográficas padronizadas foram realizadas no início e 12 meses após o tratamento em 18 indivíduos. A distância entre junção amelocementária e crista óssea (AO) foi medida com o programa Adobe Photoshop 7.0, e a densidade óssea (DO) através da média dos tons de cinza, com o programa ImageTool 8.0. A análise estatística utilizou Generalized Estimating Equations, ajustando para medidas iniciais e placa, incluindo apenas dentes com PI≥4mm no início. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos no IPV e ISG durante o estudo. Análise utilizando todos os sítios demonstrou não haver diferenças significativas entre os grupos em PS e PI, e redução significativa no grupo teste no SS (diferença ajustada-DA: 7%; p=0,007) aos 12 meses. Em sítios com PS≥7mm, azitromicina demonstrou redução significativa na PS (DA: 0,83mm; p=0,04) e no SS (DA: 11%; p=0,001) aos 12 meses, mas não foi observada diferença significativa na PI entre os grupos. Em sítios com PS moderada (4-6mm) não se observaram diferenças em nenhum parâmetro. Altura e densidade óssea foram comparadas com teste t, tendo o indivíduo como unidade analítica (α=5%). Foi observado um ganho significativo na AO nos grupos teste (3,8±1,1mm para 3,4±1,2mm) e controle (5,0±2,4mm para 4,6±2,4mm). Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada entre os grupos...

Análise bacteriológica da água de equipos odontológicos / Bacteriological analysis of water in dental units

Nos últimos anos, grande esforço tem sido feito para conscientizar os profissionais da saúde sobre a importância dos processos de esterilização e anti-sepsia. Entretanto, pouca atenção tem sido dispensada pelos cirurgiões-dentistas à qualidade da água utilizada na prática odontológica. Neste trabalho, realizamos 72 analises bacteriológicas em amostras de água de 68 equipos odotitológicos e de 4 torneiras, para verificar a qualidade microbiológica da água, através da contagem de bactérias heterotróficas e pesquisa de coliforines. As amostras coletadas das torneiras apresentaram valores compatíveis com os padrões de potabilidade. Das 68 amostras obtidas dos equipos 63 (92,7 por cento) estavam contaminadas e 5 (7,3 por cento) estavam dentro dos padrões de potabilidade. Observou-se que 42 equipos (61,8 por cento) continham água acentuadamente contaminada, 14 (20,6 por cento) apresentaram índice moderado de contaminação e 7 (10,3 por cento) estavam com a água levemente contaminada. Estes resultados apontam a necessidade de cuidados especiais, tais como a descontaminação e a desinfecção periódica dos sistemas de água dos equipos