A case of complete response to avelumab plus axitinib combination therapy for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma in a kidney undergoing dialysis.

Introduction: Combination therapies of immune checkpoint and tyrosine kinase inhibitors for end-stage kidney disease and patients on hemodialysis need careful consideration as few case reports provide suitable management decisions. Case presentation: A 70-year-old man who had undergone hemodialysis for 6 years due to nephrosclerosis. Avelumab plus axitinib combination therapy was performed for repeated lung metastasis, and a complete response was achieved without major side effects. Conclusion: A complete response was achieved after Ave plus Axi combination therapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma in a patient undergoing dialysis. This suggests that Ave plus Axi combination therapy may be safe and effective for dialysis patients.

[A Case of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma with Arthritis and Colitis Due to Immune-Related Adverse Events During Ipilimumab-Nivolumab Combination Therapy].

A 73-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma underwent a left-sided open radical nephrectomy at our center. The pathological diagnosis was Fuhrman Grade 2, stage pT3a, clear cell renal cell carcinoma. A follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan revealed lung metastases 9 months after the surgery. The patient was started on ipilimumab with nivolumab combination therapy; however, after two cycles of administration, he developed arthralgia and swelling of the knee. Furthermore, he developed diarrhea almost simultaneously, resulting in the interruption of the ipilimumab plus nivolumab treatment. We diagnosed arthritis and colitis with immune-related adverse events (irAE) and initiated steroid therapy with rehabilitation. His condition improved dramatically, and nivolumab treatment could be resumed after 3 months of treatment interruption.

Applicability of location compatibility to the arrangement of display and control in human - vehicle systems: comparison between young and older adults.

The effects of age on applicability of the location compatibility principle to the design of display and control systems were discussed. A dual-task experiment was conducted, in which the primary task was first-order tracking. The secondary tasks included control of an air conditioner, the operation of a radio and the operation of a CD/MD, by means of either a steering wheel-mounted switch or a console-mounted switch. The display was arranged either in front of or on the left side of a participant. Performance of the young group did not completely follow predictions of the compatibility principle. In particular, the principle did not apply to the left-side display condition. The steering wheel-mounted switch was more effective than the left-side switch even for the left-side display. The compatibility principle was applicable to both front and left-side displays for the older adults. For the front display, the steering wheel-mounted switch was more effective. Such differences should be taken into account when designing display and control systems in man - vehicle systems.