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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have revolutionised the management of chronic hepatitis C. We analysed the use of different generations of DAAs over time in Switzerland and investigated factors predictive of treatment failure. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted within the framework of the Swiss Association for the Study of the Liver and the Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study; it included all patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with DAAs between January 2015 and December 2019 at eight Swiss referral centres. RESULTS: A total of 3088 patients were included; 57.3% were male, and the median age was 54 years. Liver cirrhosis was present in 23.9% of the cohort, 87.8% of whom were compensated. The overall sustained virological response (SVR) rate (defined as undetectable HCV RNA at week 12 after the first course of DAA-based treatment) was 96.2%, with an increase over time. The rate of treatment failure dropped from 8.3% in 2015 to 2.5% in 2019. Multivariable analysis revealed that female sex, the use of the latest generation of pangenotypic DAA regimens, Caucasian origin, and genotype (gt) 1 were associated with SVR, whereas the presence of active hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gt 3, and increasing liver stiffness were associated with treatment failure. Notably, the presence of active HCC during treatment increased the risk of DAA failure by a factor of almost thirteen. CONCLUSIONS: SVR rates increased over time, and the highest success rates were identified after the introduction of the latest generation of pangenotypic DAA regimens. Active HCC, gt 3 and increasing liver stiffness were associated with DAA failure.
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Antivirales , Hepatitis C Crónica , Cirrosis Hepática , Respuesta Virológica Sostenida , Humanos , Hepatitis C Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Suiza/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Hepacivirus/genética , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento , Genotipo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , AdultoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) represents the gold standard for initial drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFC) due to various etiologies. However, data concerning salvage EUS drainage after initial percutaneous drainage are limited. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and safety of EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic collections after failure of percutaneous drainage. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in a single, tertiary university center from August 2013 to January 2020. Indication was pancreatic collection after acute pancreatitis with PFC requiring EUS-guided drainage after failure of percutaneous drainage. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients with PFC after acute pancreatitis were included (mean age 64.1 ± 11.3 years) of which 4/22 (18.2%) had pancreatic pseudocyst and 18/22 (81.8%) presented with a walled-off necrosis. Seventy-six interventions were performed among the 22 patients. Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent (LAMS) were used in 5/22 (22.7%) and double pigtail plastic stents in 17/22 (77.3%) of interventions with a median number intervention of 3 per patient (range 1 to 7). Technical success rate was 98.7% (75/76) with an overall clinical success of 81.8% (18/22). Procedure related adverse events rate was 9.1% (2/22) including one bleeding and one pancreatic fistula. Two non-procedure related deaths were observed. CONCLUSION: EUS-guided pancreatic collection drainage is clinically effective and safe after clinical/technical failure of radiological percutaneous management.
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Seudoquiste Pancreático , Pancreatitis , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Pancreatitis/etiología , Pancreatitis/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedad Aguda , Resultado del Tratamiento , Seudoquiste Pancreático/diagnóstico por imagen , Seudoquiste Pancreático/cirugía , Seudoquiste Pancreático/etiología , Drenaje/métodos , Necrosis/etiología , Necrosis/cirugía , Ultrasonografía IntervencionalRESUMEN
Short telomere syndrome (STS) is a group of rare, often underrecognized, diseases caused by defects in telomere-maintenance genes, leading to abnormal telomere shortening and associated with diverse multi-organ manifestations. In pediatric patients, STS typically presents with mucocutaneous or gastrointestinal lesions, bone marrow failure and neoplasia. In adulthood, aplastic bone marrow disease, liver disease and pulmonary fibrosis are classic clinical manifestations. At present, medical treatment options for STS remain limited. Danazol, a synthetic androgenic hormone, can slow down telomere shortening and thus limit the progression of the disease. Finally, hematopoietic, hepatic and pulmonary transplantation, sometimes combined, may be discussed in a multidisciplinary setting in certain situations.
Le syndrome des télomères courts (STC) est un groupe de maladies rares dues à un défaut dans les gènes de maintenance des télomères, provoquant leur raccourcissement anormal et des manifestations cliniques multiorganiques. Dans l'enfance, le STC se présente par des lésions mucocutanées et gastro-intestinales, une insuffisance médullaire et des néoplasies. À l'âge adulte, une atteinte médullaire aplasiante, hépatique, et une fibrose pulmonaire sont des manifestations cliniques classiques. Les options thérapeutiques pour le STC restent limitées. Le danazol, une hormone androgène synthétique, permet, parfois, de freiner le raccourcissement télomérique et de limiter la progression de la maladie. Finalement, les transplantations hématopoïétique, hépatique et pulmonaire sont discutées dans certaines situations de manière multidisciplinaire.
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Enfermedades de la Médula Ósea , Nefrocalcinosis , Adulto , Enfermedades de la Médula Ósea/genética , Enfermedades de la Médula Ósea/patología , Niño , Trastornos del Crecimiento , Humanos , Hipercalcemia , Enfermedades Metabólicas , Síndrome , Telómero/genética , Telómero/patologíaRESUMEN
Background & Aims: We aimed to evaluate long-term outcome of patients with chronic non-cirrhotic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (CNC-EHPVO) who underwent portal vein recanalisation (PVR) without transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) insertion and to determine factors predicting PVR failure and stent occlusion. Methods: This retrospective monocentric study included all patients who underwent PVR without TIPS insertion in the context of CNC-EHPVO between the years 2000 and 2019. Primary patency was defined by the absence of a complete stent occlusion on follow-up imaging. Results: A total of 31 patients underwent PVR with a median follow-up of 52 months (24-82 months). Indications were gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 13), abdominal pain attributed to CNC-EHPVO (n = 7), prior to abdominal surgery (n = 4), and others (n = 7). Technical success was obtained in 27 patients. PVR failure was associated with extension within the intrahepatic portal veins (p = 0.005) and recanalisation for abdominal pain (p = 0.02). Adverse events occurred in 6 patients with no mortality. Anticoagulation was administered in 21 patients after technical success of PVR. In patients with technical success, 5-year primary patency was 73% and was associated with improved muscle mass (p = 0.007) and decreased spleen volume (p = 0.01) at 1 year. Furthermore, 21 (78%) patients with PVR technical success were free of portal hypertension complication at 5 years. Conclusions: PVR without TIPS insertion was feasible and safe in selected patients with CNC-EHPVO and portal hypertension with past or expected complications. Primary patency at 5 years was obtained in 3 of 4 patients with technical success of PVR and was associated with a control of complications of CNC-EHPVO. PVR was associated with improvement of sarcopenia and decreased spleen volume at 1 year. Lay summary: Patients with chronic obstruction of the portal vein and without cirrhosis or malignancy can develop complications related to the high pressure in the venous system. The present study reports long-term favourable outcome of patients in whom the obstruction was treated with stents.
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Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is nowadays the benchmark treatment of severe portal hypertension complications. However, besides usual contraindication to the procedure (namely recurrent hepatic encephalopathy, severe liver dysfunction, right heart failure and/or pulmonary hypertension), TIPS appears regularly unfeasible due to abnormal and/or distorted anatomy. In this situation, the only non-surgical approaches to treat severe portal hypertension consist in the creation of an intrahepatic portocaval shunt from percutaneous (direct intrahepatic portocaval shunt - DIPS) or transjugular route (transjugular transcaval intrahepatic portosystemic shunt - TTIPS). These procedures have been rapidly adopted in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome but are only poorly reported in patients with cirrhosis and without BCS. Considering the broadening landscape of TIPS indication in patients with cirrhosis within the last ten years, we aimed to describe the techniques, safety and efficacy of DIPS and TTIPS procedures as an alternative to TIPS in case of unfavourable anatomy.
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Síndrome de Budd-Chiari , Hipertensión Portal , Derivación Portosistémica Intrahepática Transyugular , Síndrome de Budd-Chiari/terapia , Humanos , Hipertensión Portal/complicaciones , Hipertensión Portal/cirugía , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Salicilatos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare disease which can present as acute or chronic forms and can be difficult to diagnose due to its variable clinical presentation. The disease arises in genetically susceptible individuals and several triggers have been identified. The diagnosis is based on the presence of autoantibodies, elevated transaminases and serum immunoglobulin G levels as well as a compatible histology. First-line immunosuppressive treatment strategies lead to clinical remission in most patients. In case of non-response, second-line therapies can be used and in case of hepatocellular insufficiency, liver transplantation remains an excellent option.
L'hépatite autoimmune est une maladie rare, pouvant se présenter sous forme aiguë ou chronique et dont le diagnostic peut être difficile à poser en raison d'une présentation clinique variable. La maladie se développe chez des personnes génétiquement prédisposées et plusieurs événements déclencheurs ont été identifiés. Le diagnostic repose sur la présence d'autoanticorps spécifiques, d'une élévation des transaminases et des immunoglobulines G, ainsi que sur une histologie compatible. Les traitements de première ligne, immunosuppresseurs, permettent dans la plupart des cas d'obtenir une rémission clinique. En cas de non-réponse, des traitements de deuxième ligne sont disponibles et lors d'insuffisance hépatocellulaire, la transplantation hépatique reste une excellente option.
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Hepatitis Autoinmune , Trasplante de Hígado , Autoanticuerpos , Hepatitis Autoinmune/diagnóstico , Hepatitis Autoinmune/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis Autoinmune/epidemiología , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas , Hipertensión Portal , Derivación Portocava Quirúrgica , Humanos , Hipertensión Portal/cirugía , Derivación Portocava Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Derivación Portosistémica Intrahepática Transyugular , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Gastrointestinal bleeding related to portal hypertension of cirrhosis is associated with a significant mortality risk (10-20â %). The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) reduces the hepatic venous pressure gradient. Several studies have evaluated early TIPS insertion (within 72h from diagnostic endoscopy) with the aim of improving outcomes in selected patients at high risk of failure to control bleeding and/or rebleeding. The majority reported an improvement of 6-week and 1-year survival rates and a decrease in failure to control bleeding and rebleeding. Here, we review the available data and discuss the limits of early TIPS in terms of patient identification and access to the procedure.
Les patients hospitalisés pour hémorragie digestive sur hypertension portale ont un risque élevé de mortalité (10-20%). La création d'un shunt portosystémique par voie transjugulaire (TIPS) permet de diminuer le gradient de pression entre le système porte et la circulation systémique (gradient portosystémique) réduisant ainsi le risque hémorragique. Chez des patients sélectionnés à haut risque de non-contrôle et/ou de récidive hémorragique, plusieurs études ont évalué l'intérêt de l'insertion précoce d'un TIPS (early TIPS) dans les 72 heures suivant l'endoscopie diagnostique. Elles observent en majorité une amélioration de la survie à 6 semaines et 1 an et une diminution du non-contrôle ou de la récidive hémorragique. Nous proposons ici une revue des études disponibles et discutons des limites de cette stratégie en termes d'accessibilité à la technique et d'identification des patients nécessitant encore régulièrement une discussion collégiale au cas par cas.
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Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Hipertensión Portal , Cirrosis Hepática , Derivación Portosistémica Intrahepática Transyugular , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/complicaciones , Humanos , Hipertensión Portal/complicaciones , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Tasa de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Endosonography is an effective diagnostic procedure for intraluminal, parietal and extradigestive pathologies with superior resolution compared to other imaging modalities. The evolution of this technique permits targeted biopsies and offers new therapeutic approaches, initially for the drainage of abdominal collections, and now also for the drainage of bile ducts and the pancreas. These procedures offer a wide range of minimal invasive curative or palliative therapeutic options. The safety profile of these procedures is good and equivalent to a percutaneous approach. They provide a greater comfort and are associated with lower overall cost.
L'échographie endoscopique est une méthode reconnue et efficace dans le processus diagnostique des pathologies digestives intraluminales, pariétales et extradigestives, avec une résolution inégalée par rapport aux autres modalités d'imagerie. L'évolution de cette technique a non seulement permis de faire des biopsies ciblées, mais a aussi offert de nouveaux abords thérapeutiques tels que le drainage des collections abdominales puis des voies biliaires et du pancréas. Ces procédures ont l'avantage d'offrir un large panel d'options thérapeutiques grâce à de nombreuses possibilités d'abord, avec un caractère minimalement invasif. Le profil de sécurité de ces interventions est bon, équivalent à un abord percutané, et présente l'avantage d'un confort supérieur pour les patients, à un coût global inférieur.
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Enfermedades de las Vías Biliares , Endosonografía , Conductos Biliares , Enfermedades de las Vías Biliares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de las Vías Biliares/terapia , Drenaje , Humanos , Ultrasonografía IntervencionalRESUMEN
Functional gastrointestinal disorders are highly prevalent worldwide and may have an important impact on the quality of life of affected patients. In addition, they are associated with a major socio-economic impact. In 2016 the Rome IV criteria were published that provided an update of the 2006 published Rome III criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders. This article provides an overview of the current classification of functional gastrointestinal disorders and highlights the most important changes incorporated into the Rome IV criteria.
Les maladies fonctionnelles digestives représentent des entités fréquentes dans la pratique clinique du gastroentérologue. Elles sont associées à une baisse de la qualité de vie des patients concernés et ont un impact socio-économique important. Les critères du groupe de travail de Rome permettent de les classifier selon l'atteinte principale et le symptôme prédominant. Cet article résume les changements les plus importants dans les critères diagnostiques Rome IV qui ont été publiés en 2016.
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Enfermedades Gastrointestinales , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Humanos , Calidad de VidaAsunto(s)
Enfermedad de Graves/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis Autoinmune/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Antitiroideos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Enfermedad de Graves/complicaciones , Hepatitis Autoinmune/complicaciones , Humanos , Inducción de Remisión , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Ulcerative colitis (UC) has a prevalence of 1 in 1000 inhabitants in Switzerland. The diagnosis of UC is based on a typical clinical presentation that involves bloody diarrhea, characteristic endoscopic features with continuous inflammation involving the rectum, and compatible histology. UC develops in genetically susceptible individuals with a dysregulated mucosal immune system. This article highlights latest insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of UC.
La rectocolite ulcéro-hémorragique (RCUH) représente une maladie fréquente en Suisse avec une prévalence de 1 sur 1000 habitants. Le diagnostic se base sur la présentation clinique typique avec des diarrhées sanglantes, une image endoscopique caractéristique avec une inflammation continue qui touche pratiquement toujours le rectum, et une image histologique compatible. La RCUH se développe chez des individus avec prédisposition génétique et une dérégulation du système immunitaire colique. Cet article fait le point sur la pathogenèse, le diagnostic et les approches thérapeutiques de cette maladie.
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Colitis Ulcerosa , Colitis Ulcerosa/diagnóstico , Colitis Ulcerosa/terapia , Diarrea , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Humanos , InflamaciónRESUMEN
The number of patients whose immune responses are impaired is increasing over the years due to larger use of immunosuppressive therapies aiming at treating malignant, autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. These patients are at high risk of infections, many of which are preventable by vaccination. However, this population is often under-vaccinated because of negligence but also of concerns regarding the safety of these vaccines, the potential risk of exacerbation of underlying disease or vaccine efficacy. In this article, we are trying to stratify different patient groups based on different immunosuppressive treatments and to present adequate vaccination schemes according to the recommendations found in medical literature.
Le nombre de patients dont la réponse immunitaire est altérée par des traitements immunosuppresseurs est en constante augmentation, en raison du nombre croissant de patients atteints de maladies oncologiques ou inflammatoires. Ces malades sont exposés à un risque accru d'infections diverses, dont certaines peuvent être prévenues par la vaccination. Cependant, on constate que cette population est souvent « sous-vaccinée ¼, par oubli mais aussi parce que les informations diffusées relatives à la tolérance, au risque potentiel de poussée de la maladie sous-jacente ainsi qu'à l'efficacité des vaccins ne sont pas toujours claires. Dans cet article, nous tentons donc de stratifier différents groupes de patients en fonction des traitements immunosuppresseurs reçus, et de présenter les recommandations de vaccination retrouvées dans la littérature.