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1.
Curr Oncol ; 31(4): 1725-1738, 2024 03 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38668034

RESUMEN

Introduction: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are low-incidence tumors whose clinical and histopathological factors are associated with adverse oncological outcomes. This study evaluated prognostic factors (PF) associated with tumor recurrence and overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed with STS of the extremities, treated at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and Methods: An analytical observational study of a historical cohort was carried out, including patients diagnosed with STS and managed surgically in the Functional Unit for Breast and Soft Tissue Tumors of the INC from January 2008 to December 2018. Results: A total of 227 patients were included; 74.5% had tumors greater than 5 cm. Most patients (29.1%) were in stage IIIB at diagnosis. Age was associated with higher mortality (HR = 1.01; CI95%: 1-1.02; p = 0.048). Tumor persistence at admission to the INC (HR = 2.34; CI95%: 1.25-4.35; p = 0.007) and histologic grade III (HR = 5.36; CI95%: 2.29-12.56; p = <0.001) showed statistical significance in the multivariate analysis for recurrence of any type, as did the PFs associated with a higher risk of local recurrence (HR = 2.85; CI95%: 1.23-6.57; p = 0.014 and HR = 6.09; CI95%: 2.03-18.2; p = 0.001), respectively. Tumor size (HR = 1.03; CI95%: 1-1.06; p = 0.015) and histologic grade III (HR = 4.53; CI95%: 1.42-14.49; p = 0.011) were associated with a higher risk of distant recurrence. Conclusions: This cohort showed that in addition to histologic grade and tumor size, tumor persistence at the time of admission has an impact on disease recurrence, so STS should be managed by a multidisciplinary team with experience in this pathology in high-volume reference centers.


Asunto(s)
Extremidades , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Sarcoma , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Sarcoma/mortalidad , Colombia/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Extremidades/patología , Pronóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/mortalidad , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/patología , Anciano de 80 o más Años
2.
Cardiology ; 149(3): 228-236, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38359813

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Although several guidelines recommend that patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) be treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), there are still several gaps in their prescription and dosage in Colombia. This study aimed to describe the use patterns of HFrEF treatments in the Colombian Heart Failure Registry (RECOLFACA). METHODS: Patients with HFrEF enrolled in RECOLFACA during 2017-2019 were included. Heart failure (HF) medication prescription and daily dose were assessed using absolute numbers and proportions. Therapeutic schemes of patients treated by internal medicine specialists were compared with those treated by cardiologists. RESULTS: Out of 2,528 patients in the registry, 1,384 (54.7%) had HFrEF. Among those individuals, 88.9% were prescribed beta-blockers, 72.3% with ACEI/ARBs, 67.9% with MRAs, and 13.1% with ARNIs. Moreover, less than a third of the total patients reached the target doses recommended by the European HF guidelines. No significant differences in the therapeutic schemes or target doses were observed between patients treated by internal medicine specialists or cardiologists. CONCLUSION: Prescription rates and target dose achievement are suboptimal in Colombia. Nevertheless, RECOLFACA had one of the highest prescription rates of beta-blockers and MRAs compared to some of the most recent HF registries. However, ARNIs remain underprescribed. Continuous registry updates can improve the identification of patients suitable for ARNI and SGLT2i therapy to promote their use in clinical practice.


Asunto(s)
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina , Adhesión a Directriz , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Sistema de Registros , Volumen Sistólico , Humanos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Femenino , Colombia , Adhesión a Directriz/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Antagonistas de Receptores de Mineralocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/uso terapéutico
3.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 27(Supl. 1): [52-71], 2023. tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1515981

RESUMEN

Los supervivientes de cáncer se definen como aquellos individuos que han completado su tratamiento inicial y no tienen evidencia de la enfermedad. Para el caso de las pacientes supervivientes de cáncer de mama, el seguimiento involucra no sólo la vigilancia de la recaída locorregional y a distancia, así como la tamización de segundos primarios mamarios, sino también la evaluación de los efectos relacionados con las terapias recibidas. Hoy en día, existe controversia sobre cuál debe ser el método, la frecuencia, la duración y tipo de personal de la salud que realice el seguimiento de estas pacientes. Las guías de las distintas sociedades científicas muestran una variabilidad importante en las recomendaciones a este respecto. Este documento pretende revisar la mejor evidencia disponible sobre los procedimientos para la detección de la recaída locorregional, de las metástasis a distancia, de un segundo cáncer de mama contralateral y de los eventos adversos relacionados con los tratamientos para el cáncer de mama. Adicionalmente, se examinan los porcentajes y sitios de recidiva tumoral con relación al estadio clínico y a la biología tumoral


Cancer survivors are defined as those individuals who have completed their initial treatment and have no evidence of disease. In the case of breast cancer survivors, follow-up involves not only surveillance of locoregional and distant relapse, as well as screening for second primary breast cancers, but also evaluation of the effects related to the therapies received. Nowadays, there is controversy about what should be the method, the frequency, the duration and the type of health personnel that carry out the follow-up of these patients. The guides of the different scientific societies show a significant variability in the recommendations in this regard. This document aims to review the best available evidence on procedures for the detection of locoregional relapse, distant metastases, contralateral second breast cancer, and adverse events related to breast cancer treatments. Additionally, the percentages and sites of tumor recurrence are examined in relation to clinical stage and tumor biology


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Terapéutica , Diagnóstico Clínico
4.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 27(Supl. 1): [42-51], 2023. tab, mapas
Artículo en Español | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1515979

RESUMEN

El cáncer de mama es la neoplasia más frecuente y de mayor mortalidad en las mujeres en todo el mundo. El receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano (HER2) se sobreexpresa en aproximadamente el 20% de las pacientes con cáncer de mama y se asocia a mayor riesgo de recidiva tumoral y mortalidad. Antes del desarrollo de los anticuerpos monoclonales dirigidos contra HER2, el cáncer de mama HER2 positivo estaba asociado con un pronóstico desfavorable. El uso de las terapias dirigidas anti HER2 ha mejorado significativamente las tasas de supervivencia global tanto en el escenario adyuvante como en la enfermedad metastásica. En los últimos años han surgido nuevos medicamentos que bloquean esta vía de señalización, lo cual ha permitido establecer varias líneas de tratamiento con terapia anti HER2 en las pacientes con enfermedad metastásica. Por esta razón, las unidades funcionales de Oncología Clínica/Seno y Tejidos Blandos tomaron la decisión de realizar una revisión de la evidencia científica disponible a octubre de 2021, para establecer las recomendaciones en el abordaje terapéutico de las pacientes con cáncer de mama metastásico HER2 positivo en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC).


Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm and the one with the highest mortality in women worldwide. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in approximately 20% of breast cancer patients and is associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence and mortality. Before the development of monoclonal antibodies directed against HER2, HER2-positive breast cancer was associated with a poor prognosis. The use of anti-HER2 targeted therapies has significantly improved overall survival rates both in the adjuvant setting and in metastatic disease. In recent years, new drugs have emerged that block this signaling pathway, which has made it possible to establish several lines of treatment with anti-HER2 therapy in patients with metastatic disease. For this reason, the clinical oncology/breast and soft tissue functional units made the decision to conduct a review of the available scientific evidence as of October 2021 to establish recommendations for the therapeutic approach to patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer in the National Cancer Institute (INC).


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Genes erbB-2
5.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 27(Supl. 1): [26-41], 2023. tab, mapas
Artículo en Español | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1515977

RESUMEN

Introducción. Los síndromes de cáncer de mama hereditario (SCMH) corresponden a un 5% a 10% de todos los casos de la enfermedad, en su mayoría explicados por mutaciones en los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2. Se han publicado múltiples guías y recomendaciones internacionales actualizadas, con el fin de dar lineamientos para seleccionar los casos con sospecha de un SCMH. Como antecedentes locales, el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia cuenta con un "Programa institucional para la identificación y manejo de familias con sospecha de cáncer hereditario", con fines asistenciales, dentro del cual el cáncer de mama es la patología más remitida al servicio de genética (55%; 540/986). En el 21% de los casos con cáncer de mama que cumplieron criterios NCCN se diagnosticó un SCMH, la mayoría asociados a mutaciones en los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2 (12,3%) y en menor proporción a otros genes de susceptibilidad al cáncer de mama (8,6%).Objetivo. Identificar los criterios de selección más implementados para diagnosticar los casos de cáncer de mama hereditarios a través de una revisión de la literatura, y realizar un consenso Institucional sobre las indicaciones de remisión a consejería genética y solicitud de pruebas para fines diagnósticos y de tratamiento sistémico con iPARP. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica publicada en los últimos 10 años, al 30 de agosto del 2021, sobre la prevalencia de mutaciones germinales en los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2, y en otros genes no BRCA, en pacientes con cáncer de mama, obteniéndose en total 146 y seleccionándose un total de 41 artículos. En el interior de las unidades funcionales de mama y tejidos blandos, genética y oncología clínica, se presentó la evidencia disponible, realizando una discusión amplia entre las tres unidades y finalmente se definieron las indicaciones para remisión a genética, para solicitar estudios genéticos y de tratamiento sistémico con iPARP.Resultados. Según lo reportado en la literatura, los principales criterios de sospecha de un SCMH deben incluir: el subtipo triple negativo, la presentación bilateral, la edad muy temprana de diagnóstico y los antecedentes familiares (AF) de cáncer de mama antes de los 50 años o cáncer de ovario a cualquier edad.Conclusiones. Se adoptan las recomendaciones de la NCCN para la remisión a consejería genética y solicitud de estudios genéticos para identificar cáncer de mama hereditario, y se establecen los criterios del estudio OlympiA para la solicitud de estudios genéticos con el fin de guiar el tratamiento sistémico con iPARP en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Lo anterior permitirá que desde nuestra Institución se ofrezca adecuadamente este servicio a la población colombiana.


ntroduction: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes (HBOC) represents 5% to 10% of all breast cancer cases, and BRCA1andBRCA2 explain most of these syndromes. Multiple guidelines and updated recommendations have been published to define which patients should be selected for genetic testing based on a clinical suspicion of a HBOC syndrome. For context, the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología from Colombia developed an "Institutional Program for the identification and management of families with suspected hereditary cancer" for healthcare purposes, within which breast cancer is the most referred pathology to the genetics service (55%; 540/986). Inherited cancer was diagnosed in 21% of the patients with breast cancer who met NCCN criteria; most of these were associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (12.3%) and to a lesser extent to other breast cancer susceptibility genes (8.6%).Objective: To identify the most implemented selection criteria to diagnose inherited breast cancer cases, through a review of the literature, and to achieve an institutional consensus on the indications for referral to genetic counseling and genetic testing for diagnostic and systemic treatment with PARPi.Materials and methods: A narrative review of the scientific literature published in the last 10 years as of August 30, 2021 on the prevalence of germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, and in other non-BRCA genes, in patients with breast cancer was carried out. Overall, 146 articles were first identified but only 41 were selected. Within the functional units of breast and soft tissue, genetics and clinical oncology, the available evidence was presented and a broad discussion was carried out; finally the indications for referral to genetic counseling, for genetic testing and for systemic treatment with PARPi were defined.Results: As reported in the literature, clinical criteria for HBOC syndrome should include: triple negative subtype, bilateral presentation, very early age of diagnosis and family history (FH) of breast cancer before 50 years of age or ovarian cancer at any age. Conclusions: The NCCN recommendations for referral to genetic counseling and ordering genetic testing to diagnose HBOC cases are adopted at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología from Colombia, as well as the OlympiA study criteria for ordering genetic testing to guide systemic PARPi therapy. This will allow our Institution to adequately offer this service to the Colombian population.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino
6.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 27(Supl. 1): [6-25], 2023. tab, mapas
Artículo en Español | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1515975

RESUMEN

La adición de la terapia dirigida a la quimioterapia citotóxica en pacientes con cáncer de mama ha mejorado significativamente los desenlaces oncológicos en las pacientes con tumores HER2 positivo. El uso de pertuzumab durante el manejo neoadyuvante incrementa significativamente la respuesta patológica completa y en la actualidad permite emplear regímenes libres de antraciclinas con una eficacia similar y menores efectos cardiovasculares (en especial sobre la fracción de eyección). El beneficio en supervivencia libre de enfermedad invasiva, de adicionar pertuzumab en el escenario adyuvante en las pacientes sin tratamiento anti HER2 previo, está limitado a aquellas con ganglios positivos. La implementación de esquemas con bloqueo dual anti HER2, durante el tratamiento inicial del cáncer de mama HER2 positivo, mejora significativamente el pronóstico oncológico en este grupo de pacientes.


The addition of targeted therapy to cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer has significantly improved oncologic outcomes in patients with HER2-positive tumors. The use of pertuzumab during neoadjuvant management significantly increases the complete pathological response and currently allows the use of anthracycline-free regimens with similar efficacy and fewer cardiovascular effects (especially on ejection fraction). The benefit of pertuzumab in disease-free survival in the adjuvant setting for patients without prior anti-HER2 treatment is limited to those with positive nodes. The implementation of schemes with dual anti-HER2 blockade during the initial treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer significantly improves the oncological outcomes in this group of patients.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Receptor ErbB-2 , Neoplasia Residual , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Trastuzumab
7.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 27(Supl. 1): [6-15], 2023. tab, mapas
Artículo en Español | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1515951

RESUMEN

La estadificación del cáncer de mama tiene como objetivo determinar la extensión de la enfermedad, definir el tratamiento y el pronóstico de la misma. La American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC) ha asignado el estadio utilizando el tamaño del tumor (T), la presencia de compromiso ganglionar (N), y la presencia o ausencia de metástasis a distancia (M). Con el advenimiento de la biología molecular, se integra a la estadificación anatómica la información pronóstica con el grado histológico, el estado de los receptores hormonales y el resultado del receptor de HER2. En el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), la incorporación del TNM pronóstico trajo consigo un aumento de estadio en el 14,47% de los casos y una disminución en el 40,3%; este resultado se atribuyó en parte al mayor porcentaje de tumores localmente avanzados dentro de la institución. Por subtipo biológico, los tumores luminales presentan mayor riesgo de metástasis óseas, los tumores triple negativo a pulmón y sistema nervioso central; y los tumores HER2 a SNC, hígado y pulmón. Teniendo en cuenta este compromiso a distancia, los métodos de estadificación comúnmente utilizados son gammagrafía ósea (GO), radiografía de tórax (RxT), ecografía hepática (UH) y/o tomografía computarizada (TC). En el caso de identificar hallazgos sospechosos en estos exámenes o si el cuadro clínico del paciente lo sugiere, se realizan estudios adicionales como TC o resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN). Los cambios en la estadificación clínica y la biología del cáncer de mama motivaron a las Unidades de Seno y Tejidos Blandos y Oncología Clínica del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología a revisar la evidencia científica disponible para recomendar la pertinencia de los estudios de extensión.


The staging of breast cancer has the objective to determine the extent of the disease, define treatment and prognosis. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) has assigned the stage using the size of the tumor (T), the presence of lymph node involvement (N), and the presence or absence of distant metastases (M). With the advent of molecular biology, prognostic information with histological grade, hormone receptor status, and HER2 receptor is integrated with anatomic staging. In the National Institute of Cancerology (INC) the incorporation of TNM brought with it an increase in stage in 14.47% of cases and a decrease in 40.3%; this result was attributed in part to the higher percentage of locally advanced tumors within the institution. By biological subtype, luminal tumors have a higher risk of bone metastases, triple negative tumors to the lung and central nervous system; and HER2 tumors to CNS, liver and lung. Taking this distant involvement into account, the commonly used staging methods are bone scan (BS), chest radiography (CXR), liver ultrasound (UH) and/or computed tomography (CT) scans. In the case of identifying suspicious findings in these tests or if the patient's clinical condition suggests it, additional studies such as CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are performed. Changes in the clinical staging and biology of breast cancer motivated the Breast and Clinical Oncology Functional Unit of the National Cancer Institute to review the available scientific evidence to recommend the relevance of extension studies.


Asunto(s)
Humanos
8.
Omega (Westport) ; : 302228221116515, 2022 Jul 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35850602

RESUMEN

The aims of the research are to evaluate the factorial validity, internal consistency, measurement invariance, discrimination, and difficulty of the Covid-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS) applied to a sample of Ecuadorian adults (N = 451). The study is based on an instrumental design with Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) technics. The results confirmed the validity of the CAS single-factor structure, with measurement invariance across gender and high internal consistency. Additionally, all CAS items displayed adequate discrimination indexes and proper ordering of the difficulty thresholds. In a conclusion, the CAS is a valid measurement scale for Ecuadorian adults.

9.
Oncologist ; 27(2): e142-e150, 2022 03 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35641213

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: About 10% of breast cancer (BC) is diagnosed in stage IV. This study sought to identify factors associated with time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) in a cohort of patients diagnosed with de novo metastatic breast cancer (MBC), from a single cancer center in Colombia, given that information on this aspect is limited. METHODOLOGY: An observational, analytical, and retrospective cohort study was carried out. Time to progression and OS rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier survival functions. Cox models were developed to assess association between time to progression and time to death, using a group of fixed variables. RESULTS: Overall, 175 patients were included in the study; 33.7% of patients had luminal B HER2-negative tumors, 49.7% had bone involvement, and 83.4% had multiple metastatic sites. Tumor biology and primary tumor surgery were the variables associated with TTP and OS. Patients with luminal A tumors had the lowest progression and mortality rates (10 per 100 patients/year (95% CI: 5.0-20.0) and 12.6 per 100 patients/year (95% CI: 6.9-22.7), respectively), and patients with triple-negative tumors had the highest progression and mortality rates (40 per 100 patients/year (95% CI: 23.2-68.8) and 44.1 per 100 patients/year (95% CI: 28.1-69.1), respectively). Across the cohort, the median TTP was 2.1 years (95% CI: 1.6; the upper limit cannot be reached) and the median OS was 2.4 years (95% CI: 2-4.3). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, patients with luminal A tumors and those who underwent tumor surgery given that they presented clinical benefit (CB) after initial systemic treatment, had the lowest progression and mortality rates. Overall, OS was inferior to other series due to high tumor burden and difficulties in accessing and continuing oncological treatments.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Colombia/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento
10.
Agora USB ; 21(1): 323-345, ene.-jun. 2021. tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1349930

RESUMEN

Resumen El presente artículo tiene como finalidad comprender las relaciones e interrelaciones que se tejen en la configuración de la subjetividad política desde los procesos formativos con asiento en el Proyecto Educativo Institucional (PEI), para un escenario futuro de posconflicto. Los resultados y conclusiones se resumen en que: 1) Se necesita una escuela que sea hospitalaria y de acogida, para que propicie el cuidado de sí y del alter en la formación de la subjetividad política; 2) Es necesario que la escuela reflexione sobre la violencia que ha padecido Colombia, para que los estudiantes tengan cuidado de sí y cuidado del otro; 3) El maestro utilizando el consejo como herramienta pedagógica forma la subjetividad, al mostrar posibles caminos que orienten proyectos de vida; 4) la escuela que forme la subjetividad política desde una pedagogía de la conflanza y seguridad debe alejarse del disciplinamiento.


Abstract The purpose of this article is to understand the relationships and interrelationships, which are woven into the configuration of political subjectivity from the training processes with a seat in the Institutional Educational Project (PEI), for a future post-conflict scenario. The results and conclusions are based on that: 1) A school that is hospitable and host is needed to promote the care of itself and the alternative in the formation of political subjectivity; 2) It is necessary for the school to reflect on the violence that Colombia has gone through, so that students take care of themselves and take care for each other; 3) The teacher, by using advice as a pedagogical tool, forms subjectivity, by showing possible paths, which guide life projects; 4) The school, which forms political subjectivity from a pedagogy of trust and security should move away from disciplining.

11.
Ann Surg Oncol ; 28(11): 6014-6021, 2021 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33830356

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The staging of breast cancer has been based on tumor size, lymph node involvement, and presence or absence of distant metastases. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system in its eighth edition incorporates hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and histologic grade due to their prognostic importance. In Latin America, however, the impact of the new edition is unknown. This article evaluates the performance of the AJCC eighth-edition staging system in a cohort of patients with breast cancer at a reference center in Colombia. METHODS: The study investigated a descriptive cohort of 912 patients who received complete treatment for non-metastatic invasive breast cancer and had information on the anatomic stage and biologic factors,. All the patients were restaged using the AJCC eighth-edition classification. Changes in clinical stages and differences between the two classifications were compared. RESULTS: The study enrolled 912 patients. Changes in staging occurred for 54.82% (downstaging for 40.3% and upstaging for 14.47%) of these patients. For recurrence-free survival, the C-Index of the eighth-edition AJCC was 0.726, and the AIC was 1323.7, whereas the C-Index of the seventh-edition AJCC was 0.731, and the AIC was 1314.3 (p = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: The seventh and eighth editions of the AJCC staging system have similar predictive values in our population for recurrence-free survival. Future studies are necessary to evaluate the performance of the AJCC eighth-edition staging system in predicting overall survival.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , América Latina , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico
12.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 28(1): 1-12, 2021.
Artículo en Español | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1248390

RESUMEN

Introducción: el propósito de este trabajo es hacer una evaluación retrospectiva clínica, funcional e imagenológica de una serie de pacientes con esqueleto inmaduro Tanner I y II intervenidos quirúrgicamente mediante la técnica de preservación fisaria de reconstrucción extra e intraarticular con autoinjerto de bandeleta iliotibial, técnica de Micheli. Evaluar si existieron alteraciones del crecimiento o angulares relacionadas con la cirugía. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron un total de veintidós rodillas en veinte pacientes con edad ósea promedio de 10.1 años y un seguimiento promedio de 5.6 años. Se realizó una evaluación clínica de movilidad, estabilidad incluyendo artrometría KT-1000, escalas funcionales y valoración por imágenes de discrepancia de longitud de miembros inferiores, alteraciones angulares y evaluación de integridad por resonancia magnética.Resultados: no hubo déficit de la movilidad con respecto a la rodilla contralateral, el test de Lachman, Pivot shift y la evaluación con KT-1000 fue normal en el 91, 95 y 95% de los pacientes, respectivamente. Se presentaron dos re-rupturas del injerto (9%). No hubo deformidades angulares del fémur o tibia ni discrepancia longitudinal de las extremidades inferiores. Las escalas funcionales mostraron un IKDC de 95.4 y un IKDC pediátrico de 92.3 en los pacientes a los que se les alcanzó a aplicar esta escala. Lysholm de 94.1 y un Tegner de 7 con un retorno al mismo deporte o actividad que causó la lesión del 90%. En la evaluación por resonancia magnética, el 100% de los pacientes que no presentaron re-ruptura tuvieron integridad del injerto. Conclusión: el procedimiento quirúrgico es seguro, reproducible, restaura la estabilidad anteroposterior y rotacional de la rodilla, sin causar alteraciones del crecimiento en este grupo poblacional, obteniendo excelentes puntajes en las escalas de valoración subjetivas, y un alto índice de retorno deportivo con un porcentaje menor de re-rupturas. Nivel de Evidencia: IV


Introduction: the purpose of this paper is to retrospectively evaluate clinical, functional and imagenological outcomes of a series of patients with skeletal immaturity Tanner 1 and 2, surgically intervened by physis preservation intra and extra articular reconstruction with iliotibial band autograft method described by Micheli. Evaluate growth or angular disturbances related to the surgical technique. Materials and methods: twenty-two knees in twenty patients with average bone age 10.1 years were evaluated with a 5.6 year follow up. Clinical evaluation of ROM and stability was made by arthrometry KT-1000, functional scales were applied, image evaluation of length discrepancy, angular deformity and integrity evaluation by magnetic resonance were also done. Results: no ROM deficit compared with the contralateral knee was observed, Lachman, Pivot shift tests and KT-1000 evaluation were normal in 91, 95 and 95% of patients, respectively. There were two cases of graft rupture (9%). No angular femoral or tibial deformities or length discrepancies were observed. Functional scales showed IKDC 95.4, pediatric IKDC 92.3 in patients who underwent the scale, Lysholm 94.1 and Tegner 7 with return to sports of 90% to pre level activity. 100% of patients without graft rupture had graft integrity in the RM evaluation. Conclusion: the surgical technique is safe and reproductible, restores anteroposterior and rotational stability of the knee without growth arrest in this population, obtaining excellent scores in subjective rating scales, high return to sports index with low rerupture rates. Level of Evidence: IV


Asunto(s)
Niño , Estudios de Seguimiento , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/métodos , Autoinjertos , Traumatismos de la Rodilla , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía
13.
Eur Heart J Case Rep ; 4(FI1): 1-6, 2020 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33089053

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Fulminant myocarditis is a catastrophic disease with high mortality and complications. A viral aetiology is frequent and the implication of SARS-CoV-2 is not yet known. CASE SUMMARY: A 38-year-old woman who recently arrived from Spain presented with palpitations that started suddenly 3 days prior to presentation and were associated with haemodynamic instability, without dyspnoea or chest pain. We found features of myopericarditis on the electrocardiogram and severe systolic dysfunction on the echocardiogram. The chest tomography showed findings which suggested COVID-19 infection, and PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. The cardiac magnetic resonance image showed Lake Louise criteria for myocarditis. The patient was treated with immunomodulatory, steroid, and immunoglobulin therapy, with a favourable clinical response. DISCUSSION: The importance of this case lies in highlighting the severe cardiac involvement in a young patient, without previous risk factors, positive for COVID-19, and the favourable response to the medical treatment given.

14.
Case Rep Cardiol ; 2020: 6927423, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32206355

RESUMEN

Heart transplant is a surgical procedure with a high risk of perioperative bleeding in patients with a previous history of sternotomy, congestive liver disease, and/or use of oral anticoagulants. Anticoagulation is usually done with coumarin agents (warfarin, acenocoumarol), while on the waiting list, vitamin K is available allowing for partial reversal of the anticoagulant effect, although with variable INR and risk of uncontrolled bleeding. Direct oral anticoagulants have emerged as an alternative to the use of coumarins in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The main disadvantage of this group of drugs is that there was no specific reversal agent available that would allow an urgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect. The recent commercialization of idarucizumab (specific reversal agent) has allowed patients with NVAF on the waiting list for heart transplant to be treated with dabigatran. We present the case of a patient with advanced chronic heart failure and NVAF anticoagulated with dabigatran, who underwent urgent heart transplant after administration of idarucizumab, without complications derived from its use or from anticoagulation.

15.
Oncologist ; 24(12): e1360-e1370, 2019 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31346133

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The majority of patients with breast cancer in Colombia are admitted into oncological centers at locally advanced stages of the disease (53.9%). The aim of this study was to describe the pathological response obtained with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) according to the molecular classification of breast cancer in patients with locally advanced tumors treated within the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Functional Breast Cancer Unit (FBCU) in Bogotá, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an observational, descriptive, historical cohort study of patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated within the NCI FBCU. RESULTS: We included 414 patients who received NACT and surgical management. Most patients had luminal B HER2-negative tumors (n = 134, 32.4%). The overall rate of pathological complete response (pCR) ypT0/ypN0 was 15.2% (n = 63). Tumors that presented the highest rate of pCR were pure HER2, at 40.5% (n = 15; odds ratio [OR], 6.7); however, with a follow-up of 60 months, only the triple negative tumors presented a statistically significant difference for event-free survival (EFS; median recurrence time, 18 months; range, 1-46) and overall survival (OS; median follow-up, 31 months; range 10-57). The molecular subtype that most recurrences presented was luminal B HER2 negative, at 38.3% (n = 28). The majority of recurrences (93.2 %; n = 68; OR, 5.9) occurred in patients in whom no pathological response was obtained (Chevallier 3 and 4). CONCLUSION: Pathological response in locally advanced tumors is related to the molecular subtype of breast cancer, finding higher pCR rates in pure HER2 and triple-negative tumors. A direct relationship was found between disease recurrences and the pathological response, evidencing greater tumor recurrence in patients who did not respond to NACT (Chevallier 3 and 4). EFS and OS were greater in patients with pCR, with statistical significance only in triple-negative tumors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This research article is of scientific interest, because it describes the clinical and pathological features and analyzes the correlation between pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the molecular classification of locally advanced breast cancer in patients treated in the National Cancer Institute in Bogotá, Colombia. It was found that pathological response is related to the molecular subtype of breast cancer. In addition, there is a direct relationship between disease recurrences and pathological response. The survival results were greater in patients with pathological complete response.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/clasificación , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Adyuvante/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven
16.
Agora USB ; 19(1): 81-94, ene.-jun. 2019.
Artículo en Español | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038195

RESUMEN

Resumen Al interpretar el Proyecto Educativo Institucional (PEI) a partir de las categorías de subjetividad política y memoria colectiva del conflicto armado, encontramos que: i) la escuela haciendo uso de los 5 componentes del PEI puede hacer pedagogía de la memoria sobre las dimensiones del conflicto armado, ii) la escuela puede resignificar los actos cívicos creando activi dades pedagógicas que comporten nuevos sentidos sobre la violencia de pais al motivar la reflexión en los sujetos educativos, iv) es posible una educación desde el lenguaje poético como grito y silencio de las víctmas, v) haciendo pedagogía de la memoria del conflicto armado, la escuela puede propiciar la unión en la comunidad educativa en torno al dolor y sufrimiento, posibilitando una reelaboración imaginativa del dolor físico a sufrimiento, constituyéndose este, en un tipo de enseñanza y apredizaje.


Abstract In interpreting the Institutional Educational Project (PEI) from the political subjectivity and the collective memory categories of the armed conflict, we find that i) the school, by using the 5 components of the PEI, can do pedagogy of the memory on the dimensions of the armed conflict; ii) the school can re-signify civic acts, by creating pedagogical activities, which bring new senses about country violence, by motivating reflection in educational subjects; iii) an education is possible from the poetic language, like victims' cry and silence; iv) in the pedagogy of the memory of the armed conflict, the school can foster the union in the educational community around pain and suffering, by enabling an imaginative reprocessing of physical pain to suffering, which becomes a sort of teaching and learning.

17.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 23(1): 28-34, ene.-mar. 2019. graf
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042746

RESUMEN

Resumen Los sarcomas de tejidos blandos de las extremidades necesitan para su manejo la realización de resecciones oncológicas amplias con el fin de lograr márgenes negativos. En ocasiones los casos con compromiso de estructuras neurovasculares y/u óseas requieren la amputación de la extremidad como única alternativa quirúrgica. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de liposarcoma que comprometía la fosa poplítea y el paquete neurovascular. Recibió radioterapia neoadyuvante, resección compartimental y radioterapia intraoperatoria, que posibilitaron la conservación de la extremidad. La cirugía logró márgenes microscópicos libres, con una adecuada funcionalidad y sin recaída a los 42 meses de seguimiento.


Abstract The patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities are best treated with wide local excisions, with resection of the primary tumor and normal tissue around the lesion, in order to achieve negative margins; usually when the nerves, the vessels or the bone are surrounded by the tumor, amputation is needed. We report the case of a patient with Liposarcoma in the popliteal fossa, with the tumor involving the nerve and popliteal vessels. The patient underwent to limb-sparing treatment, including preoperative radiotherapy, wide local excision and intraoperative radiotherapy, allowing to keep the extremity, with negative margins, acceptable function of the limb and without recurrence after 42 months of follow up.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Radioterapia , Sarcoma , Extremidades , Neoplasias
18.
Agora USB ; 18(1): 256-268, ene.-jun. 2018.
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-949816

RESUMEN

Resumen Para hablar del Proyecto Educativo Institucional y la formación de la subjetividad política en el marco de los procesos formativos es necesario centrarse en tres categorías de análisis: desde las prácticas pedagógicas, donde se exige que estas sean contextualizadas y rompan las fronteras de la profesionalización, la mera instrucción, la enseñanza sin sentido, la homogenización y la manía de la evaluación; desde el diálogo entre el macro-currículo y el micro-currículo, donde se recomienda la aceptación de la diversidad epistemológica y procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje rizomáticos, donde las práctica pedagógicas tienden a darle respuesta a diferentes problemáticas que invaden la escuela.


Abstract In order to discuss the Institutional Educational Project and the formation of political subjectivity in the framework of the training processes, it is necessary to focus on three categories of analysis: from the pedagogical practices, which requires them to be contextualized and break the borders of professionalization, mere instruction, teaching without sense, homogenization and the mania of the evaluation. From the dialogue between the macro curriculum and the micro curriculum, where it is recommended the acceptance of the epistemological diversity and rhizomatic teaching and learning processes, where the pedagogical practices tend to respond to various problems, which invade school.

19.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 25(1): 43-50, ene.-feb. 2018. tab, graf
Artículo en Español | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-959944

RESUMEN

Resumen Introducción: La insuficiencia cardiaca constituye el estadio final de muchas cardiopatias. Aunque los cambios en la composición de la matriz extracelular relacionados con el proceso de remodelamiento ventricular han sido descritos, ni la evolución ni el impacto clínico de la fibrogénesis miocárdica en pacientes con IC están completamente entendidos. Objetivo: Determinar si los precursores de la síntesis y degradación del colágeno son útiles en la predicción de hospitalización, muerte o necesidad de trasplante cardiaco en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica. Métodos: Se estudiaron 204 pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica entre 2015 y 2016; 106 con miocardiopatía isquémica y 98 con miocardiopatía dilatada. Se midieron los niveles séricos de noradrenalina, fracción N-terminal del propéptido natriurético cerebral, propéptido N-terminal del procolágeno tipo I (PINP) y propéptido N-terminal del procolágeno tipo III (PIIINP). Se determinaron volúmenes y fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo, clase funcional y tratamiento médico. Resultados: Durante el seguimiento hubo 55 hospitalizaciones, 7 muertes y 9 trasplantes. La edad (p < 0,001), los niveles de PINP (p = 0,04), PIIINP (p = 0,016) y volúmenes del ventrículo izquierdo (p < 0,05), fueron significativamente mayores en los pacientes que alcanzaron el desenlace primario. En pacientes con dilatación severa del ventrículo izquierdo (IVTDVI > 110ml/m2, IVTSVI > 50ml/m2), niveles de PIIINP > 6,2 (g/L y PINP > 40 (g/L se asociaron con mayor riesgo de hospitalización, muerte o necesidad de trasplante (sobrevida libre de eventos a 12 meses: 45% versus 95%, p < 0,0001). Conclusiones: Los niveles circulantes de PINP y PIIINP, se correlacionan con el remodelamiento del ventrículo izquierdo y predicen desenlaces en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica.


Abstract Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is the end-stage of many heart diseases. Although the changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix associated with the ventricular remodelling process have been described, neither the evolution nor the clinical impact of the myocardial fibrogenesis in patients with HF are completely understood. Objective: To determine if the precursors of the synthesis and degradation of collagen are useful in the prediction of hospital admissions, death, or the need for a heart transplant in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: A total of 204 patients with chronic heart failure were studied between the years 2015 and 2016, of whom 106 had ischaemic heart disease, and 98 had dilated cardiomyopathy. Measurements were made of the serum levels of noradrenaline, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, and procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP). The left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction were determined, as well a record made of the functional class and medical treatment. Results: During follow-up, there were 55 hospital admissions, 7 deaths and 9 transplants. Age (p<0,001), PINP levels (p=0,04), PIIINP levels (p=0,016), and left ventricular volumes (p<0,05), were significantly higher in patients who achieved the primary outcome. In patients with severe dilation of the left ventricle (LV diastolic volume index, LVDVI > 110 ml/m2, LV systolic volume index, LVTSVI > 50 ml/m2), PIIINP levels > 6.2 (g/L and a PINP > 40 (g/L, were associated with a higher risk of hospital admission, death, or need of a transplant (event-free survival at 12 months: 45% versus 95%, p<0,0001). Conclusions: The circulating levels of PINP and PIIINP are associated with left ventricular remodelling, and predict the outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Remodelación Ventricular , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Sobrevida , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada , Norepinefrina , Colágeno , Trasplante de Corazón , Matriz Extracelular
20.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 25(3): 87-91, 2018. tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-972517

RESUMEN

INTRODUCCIÓN: La ruptura del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es una de las lesiones más frecuentes de la rodilla. La persistencia de inestabilidad rotacional residual después de una reconstrucción del LCA, ha llevado a cirujanos de rodilla a realizar procedimientos adicionales para mejorar dicha estabilidad como lo es la tenodesis extraarticular lateral. OBJETIVO: Describir resultados clínicos de estabilidad rotacional en la reconstrucción del LCA junto con la tenodesis extraarticular lateral en pacientes con inestabilidad anterolateral intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Hospital de San José, además conocer y extrapolar nuestra experiencia a nivel nacional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo se incluyeron pacientes con inestabilidad anterolateral de rodilla identificados con prueba de pivot shift grado II o III, intervenidos quirúrgicamente para reconstrucción de LCA más tenodesis extraarticular lateral en el Hospital de San José, durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2014 y junio de 2016. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron un total de 30 pacientes a los cuales se les realizó reconstrucción del LCA más tenodesis extraarticular lateral. El resultado clínico de los pacientes, evaluado con la escala IKDC (Comité Internacional de Documentación sobre la Rodilla), evidenció un 60% de resultados normales, 33% de resultados casi normales y 7% de resultados anormales. La estabilidad rotacional postquirúrgica se logró en el 100% de los pacientes con la prueba de pivot shift sin importar el resultado de IKDC. CONCLUSIONES: La reconstrucción del LCA más tenodesis extraarticular lateral como técnica de recuperación de la función en pacientes con inestabilidad anterolateral grado II o III, es reproducible y segura para mejorar la inestabilidad rotacional de la rodilla. Tipo de estudio: Serie de casos. Nivel de evidencia: IV.


INTRODUCTION: The rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most frequent injuries of the knee. The persistence of residual rotational instability after an ACL reconstruction has led knee surgeons to perform additional procedures to improve tension stability such as extra-articular lateral tenodesis. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical results of rotational stability in the reconstruction of the ACL along with the extra-articular lateral tenodesis in patients with anterolateral instability surgically operated in the Hospital of San José. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive study was carried out with patients with anterolateral knee instability identified with pivot shift grade II or III, who underwent surgery for reconstruction of ACL plus extra-articular lateral tenodesis at the Hospital of San José during the period between January 2014 and June 2016. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients were identified who underwent LCA reconstruction plus extra-articular lateral tenodesis. The clinical outcome of the patients, evaluated with IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee), evidence of 60% of normal results, 33% of almost normal results and 7% of abnormal results. Post-surgical rotational stability was achieved in 100% of the patients with the pivot shift test regardless of the IKDC result. CONCLUSIONS: The reconstruction of the LCA plus lateral extraarticular tenodesis as a technique of recovery of function in patients with anterolateral instability grade II or III with absence of associated lesions is a reproducible technique. This approach would improve rotational stability of the knee, recover function and the perception of a return close or equal to the activities prior to injury, however, it is necessary to perform comparative studies with the largest follow-up to assess the presence of early osteoarthrosis and determine residual instability. Type study: Case series. Level of evidence: IV.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/métodos , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirugía , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/cirugía , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Tenodesis/métodos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Resultado del Tratamiento
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