RESUMEN
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been used increasingly in oral and maxillofacial surgery in recent years. The aim of this experimental study was to perform a mechanical evaluation of PRF from patients on warfarin. PRF samples were obtained from 21 patients on warfarin (mean INR 2.30 ± 0.89) and 21 non-anticoagulated patients (control; mean INR 1.08 ± 0.07). For the patients on warfarin, two experimental groups were formed based on the PRF centrifugation time: group A, 10 min (21 samples); group B, 18 min (20 samples). Control group samples (21 samples) were centrifuged for 10 min. Mechanical properties were evaluated by axial tensile test and suture retention test with an Instron 3345 universal testing machine. Mechanical parameters were compared between the groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-hoc test. Axial tensile values were similar in all groups. In the suture retention test, significantly lower values of deformation at maximum force were observed in the experimental group: group A (107.07 ± 25.05%) and group B (104.81 ± 16.79%) versus control (118.01 ± 17.61%) (P = 0.033). Moreover, maximum force was significantly lower in group A (0.17 ± 0.05 N) than in the control group (0.20 ± 0.06 N), while it was significantly higher in group B (0.22 ± 0.07 N) than in group A (P = 0.026). In conclusion, for patients on warfarin, the centrifugation time should be increased to 18 min in order to obtain PRF with superior performance.
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Fibrina Rica en Plaquetas , Cirugía Bucal , Humanos , Warfarina , FibrinaRESUMEN
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a relevant disease in feline clinic. The tubulointerstitial damage, with collagen deposition and fibrosis, is an important result of this process. The aim of this study was to quantify and correlate the deposition of collagen and severity of interstitial fibrosis (IF) in the kidney from cats in different stages of CKD. Kidney fragments from 10 adult cats with CKD were analyzed and stained by Masson's trichrome (MT) and Picrosirius red (PSR) for circular polarized microscopy. Random quantitative analysis was performed on MT sections to classify the degree of IF, per field area, with and without circular polarization. Statistics correlations were performed by Spearman's (ρ; p < .05). There was a significant correlation of IF quantification with the area of interstitial collagen deposition by polarized PSR (PSRp) (r = .7939, p = .0098) and nonpolarized PSR (PSRn) (r = .7781, p = .0080). There was a positive correlation of serum creatinine (sCr) at different stages of CKD with PSRp (r = .7939, p = .0098), PSRn (r = .8667, p = .0027) and MT (r = .7818, p = .0117). Correlations between the percentage of quantified area was also positive from PSRp to PSRn (r = .9030, p = .0009) and PSRp to MT (r = .7939, p = .0098). The PSRN was also correlated with MT (r = .9273, p = .0001). The correlation with IF and sCr follows the disease evolution and the quantification of collagen by PSR is an excellent tool for analyzing the disease severity at different stages.
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Compuestos Azo/química , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Colágeno/análisis , Colorantes/química , Microscopía de Polarización/métodos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Gatos , Colágeno/ultraestructura , Creatinina/sangre , Femenino , Fibrosis , Riñón/química , Riñón/patología , Riñón/ultraestructura , Masculino , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/patología , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
AIM: To characterize the pulp immune cell profile in the teeth of rats treated with zoledronic acid (ZA). METHODOLOGY: Male Wistar rats (n = 6 per group) received four intravenous infusions of ZA at doses of 0.04, 0.20 or 1.00 mg kg-1 ZA or saline (control). On the 70th experimental day, they were euthanized. The first right molar was examined microscopically and submitted to toluidine blue reaction and immunohistochemical for CD68, tumour necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18 bp). The presence of ectasic/dilated vessels and inflammatory cells was analysed, and mast cells and mononuclear CD68-positive cells were counted along with the intensity of immunostaining (0-3) for inflammatory markers in odontoblasts and nonodontoblasts pulp cells. The Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test (scores or quantitative data) and the chi-squared test (categorical data) were used (GraphPad Prism 5.0, P < 0.05). RESULTS: There was no differences in the number of animals exhibiting dilated/ectasic blood vessels (P = 0.242) and inflammatory cells (P = 0.489) or in the number of mast cells (P = 1.000). However, there was an increase in mononuclear CD68-positive cells (P = 0.026), immunostaining of TNF-α (P = 0.020), IL-1ß (P = 0.027) and iNOS (P = 0.001) in odontoblasts, and IL-1ß (P = 0.013) in nonodontoblast pulp cells dose-dependently. NFkB (nucleus and cytoplasm) and IL-18 bp did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION: ZA modified the immune cell profile in the dental pulp, increasing the number of macrophages and expression of pro-inflammatory markers independent of NFkB.
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Pulpa Dental/citología , Difosfonatos/uso terapéutico , Imidazoles/uso terapéutico , Animales , Pulpa Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Pulpa Dental/inmunología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Ácido ZoledrónicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Denosumab, an anti-resorptive agent, IgG2 monoclonal antibody for human Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), has been related to the occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaws. Thus, the aim of this study was to review the literature from clinical case reports, regarding the type of patient and the therapeutic approach used for osteonecrosis of the jaws induced by chronic use of Denosumab. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this, a literature review was performed on PubMed, Medline and Cochrane databases, using the keywords "Denosumab" "anti-RANK ligand" and "Osteonecrosis of jaw". To be included, articles should be a report or a serie of clinical cases, describing patients aged 18 years or over who used denosumab therapy and have received any therapy for ONJ. RESULTS: Thirteen complete articles were selected for this review, totaling 17 clinical cases. The majority of ONJ cases, patients receiving Denosumab as treatment for osteoporosis and prostate cancer therapy. In most cases, patients affected by ONJ were women aged 60 or over and posterior mandible area was the main site of involvement. Diabetes pre-treatment with bisphosphonates and exodontia were the most often risk factors related to the occurrence of this condition. Systemic and local antibiotic therapy with or without surgical debridement was the most used treatment for ONJ resolution. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the highest number of ONJ cases caused by the use of anti-RANKL agents occurred in female patients, aged 60 years or older, under treatment for osteoporosis and cancer metastasis, and the most affected region was the mandible posterior.
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Osteonecrosis de los Maxilares Asociada a Difosfonatos , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/efectos adversos , Denosumab/efectos adversos , Anciano , Difosfonatos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , FN-kappa B , Osteonecrosis , Ligando RANKRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the relationship between mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and the expression of a proliferative immunomarker (Ki-67) as well as to evaluate basement membrane and extracellular matrix proteins (laminin and collagen type IV) in radicular cysts and dentigerous cysts (DC). METHODOLOGY: Immunohistochemical analyses were performed in heavily inflamed radicular cysts (HIRC), slightly inflamed radicular cysts (SIRC) and DC (n = 20) using Ki-67 (Dako(®) , 1 : 50), anticollagen type IV (DBS(®) , 1 : 40) and antilaminin (DBS(®) , 1 : 20). The data were analysed using anova/Tukey's test (Ki-67) and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test (collagen type IV and laminin) (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The immunoexpression of Ki-67 was significantly greater in the SIRC group compared with the HIRC and DC (P = 0.0040). Likewise, the immunoexpression of collagen type IV in the basement membrane of the SIRC group was significantly more continuous (P = 0.0475) than in the HIRC group. DC had significantly less collagen type IV in extracellular matrix immunoexpression than HIRC and SIRC (P = 0.0246). Laminin was absent in the basement membrane in the SIRC and DC groups, and the extracellular matrix of the HIRC was weak and punctate. CONCLUSION: The presence of inflammatory factors in the radicular cyst wall modified the expression of proliferation factors in the epithelial lining and the expression of collagen type IV and laminin in the basement membrane, but did not modify extracellular matrix behaviour in radicular cysts.
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Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Quiste Radicular/metabolismo , Membrana Basal/metabolismo , Colágeno , Colágeno Tipo IV , Matriz Extracelular , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , LamininaRESUMEN
PAL is a glucose/mannose-specific lectin isolated from Pisum arvense seeds. Previously, we demonstrated the capacity of other leguminous lectins to induce oedema formation and neutrophil stimulation. To investigate the potential pro-inflammatory activity of PAL, we have studied its ability to induce neutrophil migration into peritoneal cavities of rats and neutrophil chemotaxis in-vitro. The role of resident cells and sugar residues on PAL activity was analysed. PAL or saline (control) were administered intraperitoneally to rats, and total and differential leucocyte (macrophages, neutrophils and mast cells) counts were performed. The role of resident cells on the PAL effect was evaluated using three strategies: reducing the total resident cell population by lavage of rat cavities with saline; increasing macrophage population by treating animals with thioglycolate; and depleting mast cell population by subchronic treatment of rats with compound 48/80. PAL induced in-vitro and in-vivo neutrophil migration. In-vivo, PAL (50, 100, 200 and 300 microg) significantly (P < 0.05) and dose-dependently increased neutrophil migration by 600, 740, 900 and 940%, respectively, showing maximal effect 4 h after injection. PAL induced mononuclear cell migration. The neutrophil stimulatory effect of PAL was potentiated in animals treated with both thioglycolate and compound 48/ 80. The indirect lectin chemotactic effect was shown in rats injected with supernatant from cultured macrophages stimulated by PAL. In conclusion, PAL was shown to exhibit in-vivo and in-vitro proinflammatory activity. The in-vivo effect seemed to occur by a dual mechanism that was independent, but also dependent, on resident cells.