Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
: 20 | 50 | 100
1 - 20 de 105
1.
Front Allergy ; 4: 1143897, 2023.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37304167

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare heritable disorder that is characterized by recurrent, circumscribed, nonpitting, nonpruritic, often painful subepithelial swellings of sudden unpredictable onset that generally fade during 48-72 h. Epidemiological data of hereditary angioedema patients in Belgium is lacking. Methods: We set up a nation-wide, multicentric study involving the 8 Belgian hospitals known to follow-up patients with Type I and II HAE. All Belgium HAE patients were asked to fill out questionnaires that mainly covered demographic data, family history, and detailed information about diagnosis, treatment and burden of their Type I and II HAE. Results: 112 patients with type I or type II HAE could be included. Median delay between first symptoms and diagnosis was 7 years. 51% of patients had experienced pharyngeal or tongue swelling and 78% had experienced abdominal symptoms, both known to cause an important reduction in quality of life. 60% of symptomatic patients reported to receive long term prophylactic treatment. Human plasma-derived C1-esterase inhibitor concentrate was used by 56.3% of patients. 16.7% and 27.1% of patients used a 17-α-alkylated androgen and tranexamic acid as long term prophylactic therapy. Conclusions: We present the first nation-wide epidemiological study regarding HAE in Belgium. Our data show that the morbidity of HAE is not to be underestimated. Knowledge and dissemination of this data is critical in raising awareness, encouraging development of therapies and optimising nationwide management.

2.
Acta Clin Belg ; 78(6): 431-437, 2023 Dec.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37243680

INTRODUCTION: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disorder characterized by unpredictable painful and potentially life-threatening swelling episodes. The international WAO/EAACI guideline on the diagnosis and management of HAE was recently updated and provides up-to-date guidance for the management of. In this paper, we assessed to what extent the Belgian clinical practice was aligned with the revised guideline, and whether there were opportunities to optimise Belgian clinical practice in HAE. METHODS: We compared the updated international guideline for HAE with information we acquired on Belgian clinical practice, a Belgian patient registry and expert opinion analysis. The Belgian patient registry was developed with the involvement of eight Belgian reference centers for HAE patients. Eight Belgian experts, physicians in the participating centers, included patients in the patient registry and participated in the expert opinion analysis. RESULTS: The main action points to further optimise the Belgian clinical practice of HAE are Work towards total disease control and normalize patients' life by considering the use of new and innovative long-term prophylactic treatment options; (2) inform C1-INH-HAE patients about new long-term prophylactic therapies; (3) assure the availability of on-demand therapy for all C1-INH-HAE patients; (4) implement a more universally used assessment including multiple aspects of the disease (e.g. quality of life assessment) in daily clinical practice; and (5) continue and expand an existing patient registry to assure continued data availability on C1-INH-HAE in Belgium. CONCLUSIONS: In light of the updated WAO/EAACI guideline, five action points were identified and several other suggestions were made to optimise the Belgian clinical practice in C1-INH-HAE.

3.
Rev Med Liege ; 77(11): 678-683, 2022 Nov.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36354231

Streptococcus pneumoniae infections cause bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) such as bacteremia, sepsis and acute meningitis. They are potentially lethal. Although polysaccharide vaccines (PPV23, Pneumovax 23®) have already provided protection in at-risk individuals, they have been imperfect, mainly because the development of anti-polysaccharide antibodies occurs without the help of T cells. The introduction of immunogenic protein conjugate vaccines (ICVs) has overcome this problem and provided better and longer lasting protection. The first available vaccine of this type for adults was Prevenar 13®, targeting 13 polysaccharides of S. pneumoniae (PCV13). A new vaccine, Apexxnar®, targeting 20 polysaccharides (PCV20), the 13 of Prevenar 13®, to which 7 other serotypes considered to be equally responsible for invasive infections have been added, has recently been launched. Clinical studies have demonstrated a good immunogenic response against all 20 serotypes in adult patients who are either vaccine-naive or previously vaccinated with PPV23 and/or PCV13. Furthermore, the tolerance of the PCV20 vaccine was found to be comparable to that of Prevenar 13®. Vaccination with PCV20 involves a single injection. The Belgian Superior Health Council has recently reiterated the importance of vaccinating at-risk individuals against S. pneumoniae (a vaccination that is still under-performed). It now recommends vaccination with PCV20 (Apexxnar®) as the preferred primary vaccination regimen in high-risk adults with co-morbidities or in good health aged between 65 and 85 years.


Les infections par le Streptococcus pneumoniae sont responsables de pneumonies communautaires bactériémiantes ou non ainsi que de maladies invasives à pneumocoques (MIP) telles que bactériémies, sepsis et méningites aiguës. Elles sont potentiellement létales. Certes, les vaccins polysaccharidiques (PPV23, Pneumovax 23®) ont déjà permis d'assurer une protection chez les personnes à risque, mais de façon imparfaite essentiellement parce que le développement des anticorps anti-polysaccharides se fait sans l'aide des lymphocytes T. La commercialisation des vaccins conjugués (PCV) à une protéine immunogène a permis de remédier à ce problème et d'assurer une meilleure protection plus durable. Le premier vaccin disponible pour les adultes était le Prevenar 13®, ciblant 13 polysaccharides du S. pneumoniae (PCV13). Un nouveau vaccin vient d'être commercialisé, l'Apexxnar®, ciblant 20 polysaccharides (PCV20), les 13 du Prevenar 13® auquels 7 autres sérotypes considérés comme également responsables d'infections invasives ont été ajoutés. Des études cliniques ont démontré une bonne réponse immunogène contre l'ensemble des 20 sérotypes, chez des personnes adultes naïves de vaccination ou déjà vaccinées antérieurement par le PPV23 et/ou le PCV13. Par ailleurs, la tolérance du vaccin PCV20 s'est révélée comparable à celle du Prevenar 13®. La vaccination avec le PCV20 comporte une injection unique. Le Conseil Supérieur de la Santé Belge vient de rappeler l'importance de vacciner les personnes à risque contre S. pneumoniae (vaccination encore trop peu réalisée). Il recommande désormais la vaccination avec le PCV20 (Apexxnar®) comme schéma préférentiel de primo-vaccination chez les personnes adultes à haut risque, avec comorbidités ou en bonne santé âgées entre 65 et 85 ans.


Pneumococcal Infections , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal , Adult , Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Vaccines, Conjugate/therapeutic use , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control , Pneumococcal Vaccines/therapeutic use , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology , Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control , Vaccination
4.
Rev Med Liege ; 77(9): 510-515, 2022 Sep.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36082597

Phages are viruses that infect bacteria in a very specific way. They are naturally present throughout the biosphere and are also involved in various biological processes in humans. The beginning of the twentieth century saw the birth of phage therapy which consisted of using phages to fight against bacterial infections. Very quickly, however, the medical community turned away in favour of antibiotics. In recent years, bacteria that are multi-resistant to antibiotics have appeared and are giving rise to renewed interest in phages in the face of this therapeutic impasse. This review aims to rediscover phage therapy in the medical profession, by detailing its mechanisms of action, its clinical aspects and its practical modalities of use in Belgium. Future challenges are also outlined.


Les phages sont des virus qui infectent de façon très spécifique les bactéries. Ils sont naturellement présents dans toute la biosphère et sont également impliqués dans différents processus biologiques chez l'homme. Le début du vingtième siècle voit la naissance de la phagothérapie qui consiste à utiliser des phages pour lutter contre les infections bactériennes. Très vite pourtant, la communauté médicale s'en détourne au profit des antibiotiques.Ces dernières années, des bactéries multi-résistantes aux antibiotiques apparaissent et font naître un regain d'intérêt pour les phages face à cette impasse thérapeutique. Cette revue vise à faire redécouvrir la phagothérapie auprès du corps médical, en détaillant ses mécanismes d'action, ses aspects cliniques et ses modalités pratiques d'utilisation en Belgique. Les défis futurs sont également exposés.


Bacterial Infections , Bacteriophages , Phage Therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteria , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Bacterial Infections/therapy , Humans
5.
Rev Med Liege ; 77(7-8): 452-455, 2022 Jul.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35924502

Monkeypox (MPX), is a rare endemic zoonotic disease of certain areas of Central and West Africa. Nevertheless, in recent years, several outbreaks have occurred outside the African continent. Monkeypox usually presents with a flu-like prodromal period (fever, headache, chills, sweating) associated or followed by the appearance of lymphadenopathy and a typical skin rash. Transmission is suspected to be direct or indirect via contact with saliva, respiratory droplets or skin lesions of infected animals or more rarely of humans. The gold standard for diagnosis is the detection of MPX virus (MPXV) by PCR on skin lesion fluid. The evolution is usually favourable in 2 to 5 weeks but severe complications and sequelae are possible. In the absence of a specific treatment, the management is essentially supportive: appropriate local care, rehydration, analgesia and management of eventual complications.


La variole du singe (monkeypox, MPX), ou orthopoxvirose simienne, est une zoonose rare et endémique de certains pays d'Afrique Centrale et de l'Ouest. Néanmoins, ces dernières années, plusieurs épidémies sont survenues en dehors du continent africain. La MPX se manifeste, habituellement, par un prodrome pseudogrippal (fièvre, céphalées, frissons, sudations), associé ou suivi par l'apparition d'une lymphadénopathie et d'un rash typique. La transmission serait directe ou indirecte, via contact avec la salive, les gouttelettes respiratoires ou les lésions cutanées d'animaux ou, plus rarement, d'humains contaminés. Le gold standard du diagnostic est la mise en évidence du virus monkeypox (MPXV) par «polymerase chain reaction¼ (PCR) sur lésion cutanée. L'évolution est habituellement favorable en 2 à 5 semaines, mais des complications et des séquelles sévères sont possibles. En l'absence d'un traitement spécifique, le traitement de soutien comporte: soins locaux adaptés, réhydratation, antalgie et prise en charge des éventuelles complications.


Mpox (monkeypox) , Animals , Disease Outbreaks , Humans , Mpox (monkeypox)/diagnosis , Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology , Mpox (monkeypox)/therapy , Monkeypox virus/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction
6.
Rev Med Liege ; 77(5-6): 392-398, 2022 May.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35657199

Autoinflammatory diseases refer to a broad spectrum of diseases that are primarily due to an abnormality in the regulation of natural immunity. Some are polygenic and highly influenced by the environment, others are monogenic. This article is devoted to a family of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases that is very important because it includes the emblematic Mediterranean familial fever, the first autoinflammatory disease described as such and which heavily affects the Eastern Mediterranean populations. We will discuss the regulatory mechanisms of inflammasomes and the impact of certain mutations on their function. General principles of treatment and diagnosis will also be discussed. Other autoinflammatory diseases (including type 1 interferonopathies and NF-?b and TNF-? axis abnormalities) deserve to be discussed later on.


: Les maladies auto-inflammatoires désignent une vaste gamme de maladies dues, avant tout, à une anomalie de régulation de l'immunité naturelle. Certaines sont polygéniques et très influencées par l'environnement, d'autres sont monogéniques. Cet article est consacré à une famille de maladies auto-inflammatoires monogéniques très importante car elle comprend l'emblématique fièvre familiale méditerranéenne, la première maladie auto- inflammatoire décrite comme telle et qui touche lourdement les populations de l'Est de la Méditerranée. Nous aborderons les mécanismes de régulation des inflammasomes et l'impact de certaines mutations sur leur fonctionnement. Les principes généraux du traitement et du diagnostic seront aussi abordés. Les autres maladies auto- inflammatoires, dont les interféronopathies de type 1 et les anomalies de l'axe NF-?b et du TNF-?, mériteraient d'être traitées ultérieurement.


Familial Mediterranean Fever , Familial Mediterranean Fever/diagnosis , Familial Mediterranean Fever/genetics , Familial Mediterranean Fever/therapy , Humans
7.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(9): 677-682, 2021 Sep.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34477339

Current guidelines increasingly consider some dual antiretroviral therapies as bona fide alternatives to triple therapy as these regimens are proven to be safe and efficacious. These drug sparing regimens have many advantages such as a reduction of drug burden and subsequent toxicity, preservation of future treatment options, cost reduction and avoidance of drug-drug interactions. In the past, some dual therapies were associated with a higher risk of selecting resistance mutations. Nevertheless, current and future dual regimens based on powerful drugs with a high genetic barrier are non-inferior to triple therapies and could become the future gold standard for HIV treatment.


Grâce à l'arrivée de nouvelles molécules antirétrovirales plus puissantes, de plus en plus de recommandations internationales mentionnent quelques bithérapies antirétrovirales comme étant une alternative valable à certaines trithérapies, vu leur efficacité et leur sécurité démontrées dans de nombreuses études. Parmi les potentiels avantages de ces doubles associations, mentionnons la simplification du schéma thérapeutique, la réduction potentielle du coût et de la toxicité, la limitation des interactions médicamenteuses et l'épargne de certaines molécules qui pourront, alors, être utilisées en seconde ligne. Certaines de ces bithérapies ont montré un risque majoré d'échappement thérapeutique et de sélection de souches virales résistantes en comparaison avec des trithérapies réputées robustes. Toutefois, certaines bithérapies récemment mises sur le marché, comprenant des médications plus puissantes, plus sûres, moins toxiques et avec une plus grande barrière génétique à l'apparition de résistances, présentent un risque très faible d'échappement thérapeutique lié à la sélection de souches résistantes. Les bithérapies présentent donc plusieurs avantages les rendant intéressantes et leur garantissant, probablement, une place grandissante dans les futures stratégies de traitement.


Anti-HIV Agents , HIV Infections , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , HIV , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans
8.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(S1): 162-169, 2020.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33211441

The COVID-19 outbreak has raised numerous attempts of diverse pharmacological interventions to improve the prognosis of the infection, especially among hospitalized patients due to an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Initially, these interventions used known medications capable to directly target SARS-CoV-2 by investigating several antiviral therapies already applied with some success in other viral infections. Among them remdesivir appears to be the most promising drug against SARS-CoV-2. Then, owing to the deleterious impact of the cytokine storm, medications that more specifically inhibit proinflammatory cytokines (especially interleukin-1 and interleukin-6) were tested. Hydroxychloroquine, sometines combined with azithromycin, has benefited for a while from a media buzz. However, hopes initially founded in all such drugs turned into disappointments because the specificities of SARS-CoV-2 make this virus resistant to most pharmacological interventions. Only glucocorticoids, dexamethasone and hydrocortisone, were associated with a significant reduction in mortality of patients with ARDS due to COVID-19, most probably via non-specific anti-inflammatory effects. These corticosteroids are currently recommended by the World Health Organisation. An intensive research is ongoing worldwide to find effective combined therapies or innovative drugs which could unequivocally improve the prognosis of COVID-19 at the different stages of the infection.


La pandémie COVID-19 a suscité de nombreuses tentatives d'intervention pharmacologique, diverses et variées, pour améliorer le pronostic de l'infection, en particulier chez les patients hospitalisés pour un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA). Ces essais ont d'abord fait appel à des médicaments connus, susceptibles d'agir directement sur le virus SARS-CoV-2, en testant divers agents antiviraux déjà utilisés avec un certain succès dans d'autres infections virales. C'est le remdésivir qui a montré les résultats les plus prometteurs. Ensuite, au vu du rôle néfaste attribué à l'orage cytokinique, des médicaments enrayant plus spécifiquement l'action de cytokines proinflammatoires (notamment, interleukine-1 et interleukine-6) ont été essayés. L'hydroxychloroquine, éventuellement associée à l'azithromycine, a fait l'objet, un moment, d'un véritable buzz médiatique. Au total, cependant, les espoirs fondés dans tous ces médicaments se sont plutôt mués en déceptions face au SARS-CoV-2 qui présente des particularités insoupçonnées, le rendant résistant à la plupart des médicaments testés. Seules la dexaméthasone et l'hydrocortisone, sans doute par une action anti-inflammatoire non spécifique, ont montré une réduction significative de la mortalité des patients COVID-19 avec SDRA. Dès lors, ces glucocorticoïdes sont maintenant recommandés par l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. Une recherche intense est actuellement en cours à l'échelle mondiale pour trouver des combinaisons thérapeutiques ou des médicaments innovants qui pourraient améliorer, de façon incontestable, le pronostic de l'infection COVID-19 aux différents stades de la maladie.


Antiviral Agents , Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 Drug Treatment
9.
Respir Res ; 21(1): 309, 2020 Nov 24.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33234132

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease COVID-19 has become a public health emergency of international concern. Together with the quest for an effective treatment, the question of the post-infectious evolution of affected patients in healing process remains uncertain. Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL-6) is a high molecular weight mucin-like glycoprotein produced by type II pneumocytes and bronchial epithelial cells. Its production is raised during epithelial lesions and cellular regeneration. In COVID-19 infection, KL-6 serum levels could therefore be of interest for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic response evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study retrospectively compared KL-6 levels between a cohort of 83 COVID-19 infected patients and two other groups: healthy subjects (n = 70) on one hand, and a heterogenous group of patients suffering from interstitial lung diseases (n = 31; composed of 16 IPF, 4 sarcoidosis, 11 others) on the other hand. Demographical, clinical and laboratory indexes were collected. Our study aims to compare KL-6 levels between a COVID-19 population and healthy subjects or patients suffering from interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Ultimately, we ought to determine whether KL-6 could be a marker of disease severity and bad prognosis. RESULTS: Our results showed that serum KL-6 levels in COVID-19 patients were increased compared to healthy subjects, but to a lesser extent than in patients suffering from ILD. Increased levels of KL-6 in COVID-19 patients were associated with a more severe lung disease. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that KL-6 could be a good biomarker to assess ILD severity in COVID-19 infection. Concerning the therapeutic response prediction, more studies are necessary.


COVID-19/diagnosis , Mucin-1/blood , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index
10.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(9): 573-577, 2020 Sep.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32909407

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS, is a major public health problem. In Belgium, 2 to 3 new cases are diagnosed every day. Since the advent of combined antiretroviral treatments in 1996, the life expectancy and quality of life of infected patients have greatly improved. However, to date there is no cure for HIV. Individuals infected with HIV must remain on antiretroviral treatment for life. One of the reasons for the difficulty in finding a cure for HIV is that the virus can remain in a latent form, i.e. dormant, in some of the cells it infects. These latent reservoirs are not recognized by the immune system and can reactivate and thus restart the infection if the patient stops the treatment. These latent reservoirs are therefore a major obstacle to cure HIV and a great deal of research is being conducted by the scientific community to find an eradication strategy. In this article, we will present the different characteristics of these latent reservoirs and the different strategies put in place to identify and eliminate them.


Le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), responsable du syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise ou SIDA, est un problème de santé publique majeur. En Belgique, 2 à 3 nouveaux cas sont diagnostiqués par jour. Depuis l'arrivée des traitements antirétroviraux combinés en 1996, l'espérance et la qualité de vie des patients infectés se sont grandement améliorées. Cependant, il n'existe, à ce jour, aucun traitement curatif de cette infection. Les individus atteints doivent rester sous traitement antirétroviral toute leur vie. Cette difficulté à trouver un traitement curatif du VIH provient, notamment, du fait que le virus peut rester sous une forme latente, c'est-à-dire endormie, dans certaines cellules qu'il infecte. Ces réservoirs latents ne sont pas reconnus par le système immunitaire et peuvent se réactiver lorsque le patient arrête son traitement et ainsi redémarrer l'infection. Ces réservoirs latents sont, donc, un obstacle majeur à la guérison et de nombreuses recherches sont menées par la communauté scientifique afin de trouver une stratégie d'éradication. Dans cet article, nous présentons les différentes caractéristiques de ces réservoirs latents et les différentes stratégies mises en place pour les identifier et tenter de les éliminer.


Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV Infections , Belgium , Humans , Quality of Life , Virus Latency
11.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(9): 582-587, 2020 Sep.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32909408

The antiretroviral therapy (ART) has proven its effectiveness in improving the life expectancy of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Based on the inhibition of HIV replication, ART ensures the reduction of plasma viral load to undetectable levels on long-term. Unfortunately, once ART is interrupted, the viral load rises up. Consequently, the therapy remains not curative. The reasons for this failure lie in the presence of latent reservoirs of the virus and/or the presence of ongoing replication, responsible for the persistence of the virus. This ongoing replication despite ongoing therapy has been demonstrated in sanctuary sites where the penetration of antiretroviral drugs is suboptimal. Moreover, some treatment intensification studies, mostly through addition of an integrase inhibitor, transiently resulted in increases in HIV replication by-products, highlighting that such strategies could reduce ongoing replication. Although the debate is still open, confirming the presence of this ongoing replication and finding strategies to eliminate it would be part of the key to a cure for HIV.


Le traitement antirétroviral (ART) a prouvé son efficacité ces vingt-cinq dernières années en améliorant l'espérance de vie des personnes infectées par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), et en empêchant la transmission du virus. Basé sur l'inhibition de la réplication du VIH, ce traitement permet de diminuer la charge virale plasmatique du virus, à des niveaux indétectables, de façon durable. Malheureusement, le traitement n'est pas curatif et un arrêt de celui-ci résulte inévitablement en un rapide rebond de la virémie. Les raisons de cet échec sont, d'une part, la présence de réservoirs latents du virus et, d'autre part, la persistance d'une réplication du virus à bas bruit, malgré le traitement. Cette réplication se produirait dans les sites sanctuaires où la concentration des antirétroviraux serait sous-optimale. Des études d'intensification du traitement antirétroviral, par ajout d'une drogue supplémentaire (généralement, un inhibiteur de l'intégrase), ont produit des résultats en faveur de la persistance d'une réplication continue du virus, malgré le traitement préalable, chez certains patients. Comprendre ce phénomène et développer des stratégies visant à l'éliminer constituent des éléments clés dans la quête d'une guérison des patients infectés par le VIH.


HIV Infections , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Humans , Viral Load , Virus Replication
12.
Respir Investig ; 58(6): 437-439, 2020 Nov.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32978099

INTRODUCTION: Patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) can be suspected to be at risk of experiencing a rapid flare-up due to COVID-19. However, no specific data are currently available for these patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 401 patients with ILD and determined the proportion of patients hospitalized for proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and specific symptoms of COVID-19. RESULTS: We found that 1% of patients (n = 4) were hospitalized (1 in ICU) for COVID-19. In total, 310 of the 401 patients answered the phone call. Only 33 patients (0.08%) experienced specific symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION: Our study did not demonstrate any increased occurrence of severe COVID-19 in ILD patients compared to the global population. Based on our findings, we could not make any conclusion on the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with ILDs, or on the overall outcome of immunocompromised patients affected by COVID-19.


COVID-19 , Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Humans , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/epidemiology , Pandemics , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2
13.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(7-8): 553-557, 2020 Jul.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32779911

This is the case report of a 57-year-old women with a 10-year long history of urticarial-like exanthema and monoclonal immunoglobulin M Kappa gammopathy, associated to arthralgia with pain of the lower limbs. A cutaneous biopsy and an inflammatory syndrome on laboratory testing helped to diagnose an urticarial vasculitis. A treatment with colchicine was set up but the response to therapy was not satisfactory. The diagnosis of Schnitzler syndrome was eventually suggested based on the combination of monoclonal gammopathy, urticarial and pain. A therapy with anakinra, an interleukin-1-receptor antagonist (IL-1), was started accordingly. The response was remarkable on skin rash, bone pain and laboratory testing including inflammatory syndrome.


Le cas présenté est celui d'une femme de 57 ans avec une histoire, longue de 10 ans, d'exanthème de type urticaire associé à des douleurs aux membres inférieurs et à une protéine monoclonale de type immunoglobuline M (IgM) Kappa. Une biopsie cutanée et un syndrome inflammatoire biologique ont permis de poser le diagnostic de vascularite mixte. La patiente est alors traitée par colchicine. Durant les années qui suivent, la colchicine n'a apaisé que modérément les plaintes. Un syndrome de Schnitzler est finalement évoqué face à la combinaison d'urticaire et de protéine monoclonale. Cette piste envisagée, un traitement par anakinra, un antagoniste des récepteurs de l'interleukine-1 (IL-1) est instauré, entraînant la disparition complète de l'urticaire.


Schnitzler Syndrome , Urticaria , Biopsy , Female , Humans , Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein , Middle Aged , Skin
14.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(5-6): 362-365, 2020 May.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32496680

Malaria is a worldwide public health problem. In Europe, data show an increasing trend of imported cases in the last ten years. Following an alarming observation reporting resistance to anti-malarial drugs, new effective treatments have been developed in early 21st century. These are artemisinin and its derivatives. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) are now recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) since 2006 as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, resistance phenomena to these new drugs have been described in South-East Asia since 2009. It is thus necessary to use them properly and to monitor their use to preserve their effectiveness in the future.


Le paludisme représente un problème majeur en termes de santé publique mondiale et l'on décèle une augmentation du nombre de cas d'importation en Europe au cours des dix dernières années. Suite au constat alarmant faisant état de phénomènes de résistance aux anciens anti-paludéens et grâce aux recherches activement menées, de nouveaux traitements extrêmement efficaces ont été développés au début du XXIème siècle. Il s'agit de l'artémisinine et de ses dérivés. L'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) recommande depuis 2006 l'utilisation en première intention de dérivés semi-synthétiques combinés de l'artémisinine (ACT) dans le traitement des formes non sévères de paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum. Toutefois, des phénomènes de résistance partielle aux ACT sont décrits en Asie du sud-est depuis 2009. Il est donc nécessaire de les utiliser de manière judicieuse et de majorer la surveillance par le biais de programmes de monitoring standardisés afin de maintenir leur efficacité sur le long terme.


Antimalarials , Malaria, Falciparum , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance , Europe , Humans , Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy
15.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol ; 34(1): 127-134, 2020 Jan.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31099916

BACKGROUND: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by the repeated occurrence of persistent hives and/or angioedema for ≥6 weeks, without specific external stimuli. H1 -antihistamines have long been the standard of care of CSU, but many patients remain uncontrolled even at 4× the approved dose. Add-on therapy with omalizumab has proven effective in clinical trials, but little is known about omalizumab treatment in Belgium. OBJECTIVE: To collect real-world clinical data on omalizumab treatment in adults with CSU in Belgium. METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective chart review of adults with CSU, who initiated omalizumab treatment between August 2014 and December 2016 (maximum 28 months follow-up). RESULTS: In total, 235 patients were included (median time from symptom onset to diagnosis, 5.4 months; median time from diagnosis to commencing omalizumab, 6.7 months). Treatments used before/after commencing omalizumab did not always adhere to guidelines; many patients (26.4%/11.1%) received first-generation H1 -antihistamines, while 20.4% used omalizumab monotherapy after initiating treatment. The mean interval between omalizumab administrations was 4.8 (SD 1.7) weeks; 67.8% of patients had ≥1 interval prolongation and/or shortening. Mean baseline 7-day Urticaria Activity Score (UAS7) was 32.0 (SD 6.05); this improved to 12.6 (SD 11.2) after 1 month of omalizumab. About 67.2% of patients reached UAS7 ≤ 6 (well controlled) during the study. A total of 87 patients stopped omalizumab and never restarted before the end of the observation period; the most prevalent reason was remission of symptoms (49.4% of patients), followed by lack of effect (12.6%), lost to follow-up (6.9%) and adverse events (3.4%). Headache was the most common adverse event (n = 8/82). No anaphylaxis was reported. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that patients initiated on omalizumab in Belgium had severe CSU at baseline, and showed substantial improvements after 1 month of treatment. Greater adherence to the prescription of guideline-recommended medications is needed for the treatment of CSU.


Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use , Chronic Urticaria/drug therapy , Omalizumab/therapeutic use , Adult , Belgium , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Medication Adherence , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
16.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(1): 28-35, 2019 Jan.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30680971

The use of the emergency department (ED) by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults undergoes an evolution following the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Improving our knowledge about ED use characteristics will contribute to a correct diagnosis and therapeutic approach in this patient group, at the moment they are discharged from the ED. We conducted a one-year retrospective study on characteristics of ED use involving 1026 patients living with HIV. The majority of them was treated with antiretroviral therapy (95 %) and had a viral load lower than 50 copies (73.6 %). Among them, 117 patients (11.8 %) were admitted at least once to the ED. The most common ED discharge diagnoses were related to trauma (30 %). This study shows that the great majority of diagnoses were not related to infectious diseases (6.3 %, of which half were HIV-related). One hypothesis to explain these results would be that HIV-positive adults in this study had excellent antiretroviral coverage and were well controlled in terms of HIV.


L'utilisation du département des urgences (DU) par les adultes infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) évolue suite à l'instauration des traitements antirétroviraux (TAR). Nous avons besoin d'améliorer nos connaissances à ce sujet et d'en savoir plus sur le diagnostic de ces patients lorsqu'ils quittent le service d'urgence. Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective sur une durée d'un an et qui s'intéresse aux caractéristiques de l'utilisation du DU par 1.026 patients vivant avec le VIH. La majorité d'entre eux était sous traitement anti-rétroviral (95 %) et avait une charge virale inférieure à 50 copies (73,6 %). Parmi eux, 117 (11,8 %) se sont présentés au moins une fois au DU. Les principaux motifs d'admission étaient d'ordre traumatologique (30 %). Cette étude montre que la grande majorité des motifs d'admission au DU des patients vivant avec le VIH n'était pas en rapport avec des pathologies infectieuses (seulement 6,3 %, dont la moitié directement liées au VIH). Une hypothèse pour expliquer ces résultats serait que les patients étudiés bénéficiaient d'une excellente couverture anti-rétrovirale et étaient bien contrôlés en termes de VIH.


Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Belgium/epidemiology , Digestive System Diseases/epidemiology , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Viral Load , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology
17.
Int J Infect Dis ; 69: 50-54, 2018 Apr.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29408476

A case of proven Coxiella burnetii aortitis, possibly associated with giant cell arteritis (GCA), is reported. A 72-year-old man, who is a hunter, presented with weight loss, fever, jaw claudication, and hardened temporal arteries associated with a persistent inflammatory syndrome and arteritis of the whole aorta, including the brachiocephalic arteries, as seen on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The diagnosis of GCA was retained, and treatment with prednisolone was started. Given the aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, the patient underwent replacement of the abdominal aorta with an allograft. Histology showed intense chronic arteritis attributed to atherosclerosis with dissection. However, Coxiella burnetii infection was confirmed by serology and then by culture and molecular biology on the surgical specimen. A combination of hydroxychloroquine and doxycycline was added to tapered prednisolone and the outcome was favourable.


Aorta, Abdominal/microbiology , Aortitis/microbiology , Coxiella burnetii/isolation & purification , Giant Cell Arteritis/diagnosis , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Q Fever/therapy , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging , Aortitis/therapy , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Giant Cell Arteritis/therapy , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Humans , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Male , Q Fever/complications , Q Fever/diagnostic imaging , Treatment Outcome
18.
Rev Med Liege ; 72(12): 522-528, 2017 Dec.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29271131

We present the case of an acute endocarditis of mitral and aortic prosthetic heart valves caused by Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (Haemophilus aphrophilus-paraphrophilus). This third report in the literature emphasizes the diagnostic work-up and the role of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in this setting. The specificities of endocarditis due to the HACEK group (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens and Kingella spp.) and the specific microbiological data and therapeutic options pertinent to this germ are discussed.


Nous rapportons la troisième observation clinique de la littérature d'une endocardite sur prothèses mécaniques mitrale et aortique due à l'Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (Haemophilus aphrophilus-paraphrophilus). Le pathogène récemment rebaptisé Aggregatibacter aphrophilus fait partie du groupe HACEK (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens and Kingella spp.) impliqué dans des endocardites valvulaires de diagnostic difficile. Cette histoire clinique est l'occasion d'une revue de la littérature et des spécificités de ce pathogène. Elle met en exergue la contribution de la tomographie à émission de positons combinée à une tomodensitométrie dans le diagnostic et le suivi. Elle démontre, avec un recul de plus de deux ans, l'efficacité du traitement médical dans certaines endocardites sur prothèse.


Aggregatibacter aphrophilus , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Heart Valve Prosthesis/microbiology , Pasteurellaceae Infections/diagnosis , Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnosis , Aged , Aggregatibacter aphrophilus/isolation & purification , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Female , Heart Valves/diagnostic imaging , Heart Valves/microbiology , Humans , Mitral Valve/diagnostic imaging , Mitral Valve/microbiology , Prosthesis-Related Infections/microbiology
19.
Rev Med Liege ; 72(9): 388-392, 2017 Sep.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28892313

More than 30 years after its discovery, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major global public health issue. Antiretroviral therapy increases survival and quality of life of HIV-infected patients but is not curative. Indeed, interruption of therapy invariably leads to the re-emergence of detectable viral replication, since HIV persists in extremely long-lived viral latent reservoirs. Those viral latent reservoirs constitute the major source of viral recovery following antiretroviral treatment interruption and are considered as the most important hurdle to HIV eradication. Multiple strategies aimed at targeting the HIV latent reservoirs are intensively being explored. We discuss here the most recent innovative works that will hopefully contribute to find a cure for HIV.


Plus de 30 ans après sa découverte, le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) reste un problème de santé majeur. La multithérapie antirétrovirale est efficace et représente une avancée importante dans la prise en charge des patients séropositifs. Toutefois, elle ne permet pas de guérir les patients infectés par le VIH. En effet, le virus persiste durant des décennies dans des réservoirs latents capables de se réactiver et de causer une résurgence de l'infection lorsque la thérapie antirétrovirale est arrêtée. Ces réservoirs latents constituent l'obstacle principal à la mise au point d'un traitement curatif de l'infection à VIH. Nous proposons ici de décrire les différentes stratégies visant à éliminer ces réservoirs latents et qui pourraient permettre de guérir les patients séropositifs.


HIV Infections/therapy , Disease Eradication/methods , Disease Reservoirs , HIV/physiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/virology , Humans , Infection Control/methods , Remission Induction , Virus Latency
20.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 110(5): 301-309, 2017 Dec.
Article Fr | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28623554

Little is known about the major cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-infected as compared to the HIV-uninfected patients in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). We determined the prevalence of hypertension, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl, HDLcholesterol &≤ 40 mg/dl, and glycemia > 126 mg/dl. We also calculated the average and/or median of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and glycemia among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients.We conducted a cross-sectional study that enrolled 592 HIV-uninfected and 445 HIV-infected patients of whom 425 (95.5%) were on first-line antiretroviral therapy based on stavudine-lamivudine-nevirapine. Clinical and laboratory data of the patients were collected. The results were analyzed by chi-square, t-student, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. 11.5% of HIV-infected patients had an average blood pressure suggesting hypertension versus 10.6% of HIV-uninfected (P = 0.751). But in absolute value, HIVinfected patients had a median of diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg versus 85 mmHg of HIV-uninfected (P < 0.001). 4.04% of HIV-infected patients had a BMI suggesting obesity versus 6.08% of HIV-uninfected patients (P = 0.187). For fasting glucose: 2.50% of HIV-infected patients versus 4.20% of HIV-uninfected patients had a serum fasting glucose suggesting diabetes (P<0.176). 11.9% of HIV-infected patients had a total cholesterol greater than 200 mg/dl versus 7.4% of HIVuninfected patients (P=0.019). For HDL-cholesterol: 36.40% of HIV-infected patients had a serum fasting ≤ 40 mg/dl versus 15.70% of HIV-uninfected patients (P < 0.001). HIV-infected patients had a median fasting total cholesterol higher (140 mg/ dl) thanHIV-uninfected patients (133mg/dl) [P=0.015].HIVuninfected patients had a median fasting HDL-cholesterol higher (58.5 mg/dl) than HIV-infected patients (49 mg/dl) [P < 0.001]. HIV-infected women were more likely to have a higher mean of total cholesterol: 147.70 #x00B1; 52.09 mg/dl versus 135.72 ± 48.23 mg/dl for the HIV-infected men (P = 0.014) and of HDL-cholesterol: 55.80 ± 30.77 mg/dl versus 48.24 ± 28.57mg/dl for the HIV-infected men (P = 0.008). In this study population, prevalence of hypertension was elevated in HIVinfected versus HIV-uninfected patients. Being HIV positive on first-line antiretroviral therapy based on stavudine-lamivudine-nevirapine was associated with high prevalence of total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl and HDL-cholesterol ≤ 40 mg/dl. Proactive screening and prompt management of dyslipidemia and hypertension in this population should be a priority.


Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Adult , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delayed Diagnosis/statistics & numerical data , Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Female , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV-1 , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/complications , Hypertension/complications , Lamivudine/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Nevirapine/therapeutic use , Obesity/complications , Prevalence , Stavudine/therapeutic use
...