[Anthropology and electrocardiography]. / Anthropologie und Elektrokardiographie.

Compared with the conventional ECG lead systems, the corrected orthogonal leads by Frank and the leads by Nelson constitute progress, especially if one considers their mathematical and physical comparability and the possibility of recording vectorcardiograms projected on to three orthogonal levels. The discussion about these lead systems and their application in infancy and childhood cannot be considered concluded; above all questions of their information content must be definitively clarified.

[Secular acceleration and the electrocardiography in childhood and adolescence]. / Säkulare Akzeleration und Elektrokardiogramm im Kindes- und Jugendalter.

As a consequence of advanced growth episondes and an increase in the final height of adolescents, resulting in changes in the cardiovascular system, an "acceleration" of electrocardiographic parameters and special morphological features of the ECG can be observed. The trend towards a closer relation between ECG parameters and body height than age, as seen in our probands as well as in the literature, reflects the influence of acceleration on the electrocardiogram.

[New non-invasive possibilities for assessing the function of the utero- and fetoplacental unit: Doppler sonography flow characteristics of selected arteries in normal pregnancy]. / Neue nichtinvasive Möglichkeit zur Beurteilung der Funktion der utero- und fetoplazentaren Einheit: Doppler-sonographische Flusscharakteristika ausgewählter arterieller Gefässe während der normalen Schwangerschaft.

The introduction of the Doppler ultrasound measurements opened a new functional dimension in ultrasound diagnosis. For the first time, there is a possibility of estimating both the physiology and the pathophysiology of the uteroplacentofoetal haemodynamics with a noninvasive method during pregnancy. On the basis of more than 400 Doppler ultrasound vascular tests in uteroplacental arteries and in the umbilical artery of 110 pregnant women the blood flow velocity wave-forms were analyzed qualitatively with the pulsatility index, the resistance index and the S/D ratio. The gestational age-related decrease of these values in normal pregnancies reflects a reduction of the flow resistance in placental villous circulation. The values in retroplacentary arteries depend on the location of the tested vessel. The reference values are presented and the problems of the Doppler ultrasound numerical value inquiry and interpretation are discussed.

[Stress-induced changes in the spleen and thymus of the mouse after skin transplantation]. / Stressinduzierte Veränderungen in Milz und Thymus der Maus nach Hauttransplantation.

The influence of the unspecific stress factors at the distribution of the lymphocyte subpopulations in spleen and thymus was investigated in skin transplantation model of the mouse after operation. The parameters total lymphocyte content, electrophoretic distribution pattern, activity and isoenzyme pattern of the LDH were compared in allogenic, syngenic, and sham transplanted mice with untreated control animals. Stress reactions were observed in the electrophoretic distribution pattern of the spleen cells as an increase of the quickly moving fraction (S-fraction) still on the 14th day after transplantation. Such reactions as an increase of the S-fraction were provable in the thymus cells on the 3rd and 7th day. The influence of the operation stress was further shown in a changed isoenzyme pattern of the thymus cells LDH. The relative portions of the LDH 1 and LDH 2 were reduced still 10 days after transplantation with an increase of the LDH 5.

[Methodologic references for clinical function diagnosis of glomerular permeability selectivity by molecular wight related protein analysis and additional para-aminohippuric acid load]. / Methodologische Hinweise zur klinischen Funktionsdiagnostik der glomerulären Permselektivität durch molekulargewichtsbezogene Proteinanalyse und zusätzlicher Paraamonohippursäure-Belastung.

Glomerular perm selectivity can be approximately estimated from the apparent glomerular protein clearance in terms of molecular weight since the relative protein clearance is approximately identical with the corresponding screen coefficient relation. Systematic relativization of individual protein clearances by reference to albumin (or transferrin) clearance requires the application of special calculations to find out the regression coefficients relevant to functional diagnosis. A PAH load influences tubular protein reabsorption so that the clearance of higher-molecular proteins (IgA alpha 2-macroglobuli, IgM) rises. Taking the changes in protein clearance under renotubular PAH load into account allows a more precise estimation of glomerular permeability to be made, in comparison with protein analyses not using PAH load.

[Tuftsin]. / Tuftsin.

Literature review. The tetrapeptide tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) is cleaved off the carrier IgG molecule enzymatically and stimulates the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and macrophages. The action of tuftsin is mediated by specific receptor sites on the surface of these cells. Its antitumor activity has been shown in vitro as well as in vivo. The influence of tuftsin on the major metabolic processes of the cell (hexosemonophosphate shunt; cAMP/cGMP; Ca++-distribution; redox reactions) is the basis of its mode of action.--The feature of tuftsin and its low toxicity make it a useful agent for immunotherapy.