Extracapsular cataract extraction: an analysis of 240 operations in dogs.

A total of 240 extracapsular cataract extractions were performed on 214 dogs at the University of Illinois between 1968 and 1980. Overall success of the surgery, defined as restoration of functional vision for at least 6 weeks after surgery, was 79%. The success rates, on the basis of various parameters, were compared with the following results. The greater the number of years experience each surgeon had, the greater the surgical success rate. In dogs in which a second eye was operated on, the overall success rate on the second eye was approximately 20% less than that for the study as a whole. There was a significant difference in success rates between surgery on congenital and juvenile cataracts when compared with surgery on diabetic and senile cataracts, the first being 15% higher than the second. The success rate was 18% less for lensectomy with concurrent iridectomy than for lensectomy without iridectomy. There was no significant difference in success rates among the 3 procedures for extracapsular extraction used in this study, nor among the various breeds studied. There was no significant difference in the success rate of surgeries on the left eye, compared with surgeries on the right eye.

Hypoplastic left ventricular syndrome in a foal.

A necropsy diagnosis of hypoplastic left ventricular syndrome was made in a day-old foal. The cardiac abnormalities included mitral and aortic valve atresia, patent ductus arteriosus, and a secundum atrial septal defect. The left ventricle was hypoplastic and nonfunctional. The brief survival of the foal was a consequence of left-to-right shunting through the atrial septal defect and right-to-left shunting through the patent ductus. The information is presented to demonstrate the existence of the syndrome as a congenital defect in the horse and to clarify the necropsy findings for the practitioner to diagnose if seen.

Effect of atropine sulfate on tear production in the cat when used with ketamine hydrochloride and acetylpromazine maleate.

Schirmer I tear tests were done on 10 cats before and during anesthesia induced with ketamine hydrochloride in combination with acetylpromazine maleate, with and without atropine sulfate as a preanesthetic agent. Use of atropine sulfate alone decreased tear production from a mean base-line value of 16.9 +/- 3.7 mm/min to 8.2 +/- 4.9 mm/min, 10 minutes after its subcutaneous administration. Tear production continued to decrease from 8.2 +/- 4.9 mm/min to a mean of 2.3 +/- 2.5 mm/min at 30 minutes after the administration of the ketamine hydrochloride and acetylpromazine maleate combination.

Computer analysis of the spatial angular parameters of the canine QRSsE loop from necropsy-verified normal dogs.

Vectorcardiograms were recorded by the canine modification of the axial lead system of McFee and Parungao from 38 necropsy-verified normal dogs placed in the recommended position of right lateral recumbency. A digital computer program was used to identify and analyze the spatial characteristics of the QRSsE loop. In order to define the QRSsE loop in more complete terms, a total of 27 angular parameters were evaluated. Time to specified parameters and angular values at specified times were assessed. The smallest angular range for a frontal plane vector was 15.7 degrees which occurred with the maximum leftward vector. In the sagittal plane the most narrow range was 29.8 degrees found with the half-area vector. The most narrow angular range in the transverse plane was 29.7 degrees with the maximum leftward vector. Other characteristics of the normal dog were found, such as the simultaneous occurrence of the following vectors: the peak spatial magnitude vector; frontal plane maximum vector; maximum leftward vector; maximum caudal vector; sagittal plane half-area vector; and transverse plane maximum vector. Also occurring together, but at a different time, were the sagittal plane maximum vector and the transverse plane half-area vector.

Computer analysis of the non-angular parameters of the QRSsE loop and orthogonal lead QRS characteristics in necropsy-verified normal dogs.

The canine modification of the Axial lead system of McFee and Parungao was used to record the VCG from 38 necropsy-verified normal dogs. Characteristics of the QRSsE loop were analyzed by a FORTRAN program on the IBM 360/75 digital computer. The following non-angular parameters were characterized for the normal dog: loop areas in the frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes; time duration of QRS; time integral of QRS; peak spatial magnitude; spatial velocity; eigenvalues and eigenvectors. It was shown that the normal QRSsE loop was extremely planar, but of variable length and width. Vector lengths at nine points in each plane were determined. Extreme absolute and percentage variation existed in all vector length parameters. The orthogonal lead characteristics were described. A consistent finding was a Q wave in lead Vx in all subjects. An S wave was present in this lead in 50% of the dogs. In lead Vy a Q wave was found in 81.6% of the dogs and an S wave was present in 94.7%. In contrast to the consistency of the angular parameters found in this same group of dogs which was reported earlier, the non-angular parameters and orthogonal characteristics could not generally be defined over small ranges.

Decreased tear production associated with general anesthesia in the horse.

Schirmer I tear tests were conducted on 14 horses. The test was performed before and after IV administration of xylazine hydrochloride, during maintenance anesthesia with halothane in oxygen, and 3 hours after discontinuation of anesthesia. Xylazine hydrochloride did not decrease tear production from the mean base-line value of 23.94 +/- 5.23 mm/min after its IV administration. Tear production was decreased to mean values of 15.57 +/- 4.29 mm/min at 30 minutes and 13.84 +/- 4.25 mm/min at 60 minutes during the maintenance of halothane anesthesia. Three hours after anesthesia was discontinued, tear production returned to a mean value of 22.58 +/- 4.12 mm/min.

Digital computer analysis of the QRS complex of the dog, using the McFee axial system.

Digital computer analysis of the canine orthogonal electrocardiogram was performed on 30 clinically normal dogs, as recorded by the McFee axial system. The spatiogeometric properties calculated included: time duration of QRS, time integral of QRS, eigenvalues of the QRSsE loop, eigenvectors, spatial magnitude, and spatial velocity. Electrocardiograms were recorded by FM tape recorder, analogue-to-digital conversion performed, and the analytical procedure utilized the IBM 360/75 digital computer controlled by a FORTRAN G source program. The QRS complex and spatial values were qualitatively similar to those in other reports.