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1.
J Chromatogr Sci ; 60(6): 584-594, 2022 Jul 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34435614

RESUMEN

A novel isocratic stability-indicating chromatographic method was developed, optimized and validated using Design-Expert® following ICH guidelines for the quantification of Timolol maleate (TM). The intrinsic stability of TM was assessed by force degradation studies, which concluded no extensive degradation except under alkaline and oxidative conditions. TM was quantified accurately in the surfactant-based elastic vesicular system by separating it on Hypersil BDS C8 column using triethylamine in H2O (0.15%v/v; pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (ACN; 65:35%v/v). The influence of variable factors like mobile phase pH, injection volume (µL), flow rate (mL/min) and ACN content (%) on method responses were assessed using a full factorial design. The method was linear between 0.05 and 10 µg/mL with an R2 value of 0.9993. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.90 and 27.2 ng/mL. The method was specific, with recovery in plain drug solution of 89-92% and elastic nanovesicles of 90-93%. The experimental model was significant (P < 0.0001) as indicated by deliberate changes in the method analyzed through analysis of variance. The total drug content in elastic nanovesicles was estimated to be 9.53 ± 0.01 mg/20-mL dispersion and entrapment efficiency was 44.52 ± 0.73%. The developed method was rapid, economic and precise for the quantification of TM in bulk and vesicular system.


Asunto(s)
Tensoactivos , Timolol , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Excipientes , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Timolol/análisis
2.
Life Sci ; 264: 118712, 2021 Jan 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33159955

RESUMEN

RNA-interference-based mechanisms, especially the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), have been under investigation for the treatment of several ailments and have shown promising results for ocular diseases including glaucoma. The eye, being a confined compartment, serves as a good target for the delivery of siRNAs. This review focuses on siRNA-based strategies for gene silencing to treat glaucoma. We have discussed the ocular structures and barriers to gene therapy (tear film, corneal, conjunctival, vitreous, and blood ocular barriers), methods of administration for ocular gene delivery (topical instillation, periocular, intracameral, intravitreal, subretinal, and suprachoroidal routes) and various viral and non-viral vectors in siRNA-based therapy for glaucoma. The components and mechanism of siRNA-based gene silencing have been mentioned briefly followed by the basic strategies and challenges faced during siRNA therapeutics development. We have emphasized different therapeutic targets for glaucoma which have been under research by scientists and the current siRNA-based drugs used in glaucoma treatment. We also mention briefly strategies for siRNA-based treatment after glaucoma surgery.


Asunto(s)
Silenciador del Gen , Glaucoma/genética , Glaucoma/terapia , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Animales , Ojo/patología , Técnicas de Transferencia de Gen , Terapia Genética , Humanos
3.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 161: 1189-1205, 2020 Oct 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32504712

RESUMEN

With growing interest in polymers of natural origin, innumerable polysaccharides have gained attention for their biomedical application. Pullulan, one of the FDA approved nutraceuticals, possesses multiple unique properties which make them highly advantageous for biomedical applications. This present review encompasses the sources, production, properties and applications of pullulan. It highlights various pullulan based stimuli-responsive systems (temperature, pH, ultrasound, magnetic), subcellular targeted systems (mitochondria, Golgi apparatus/endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, endosome), lipid-vesicular systems (solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes), polymeric nanofibres, micelles, inorganic (SPIONs, gold and silver nanoparticles), carbon-based nanoplatforms (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, nanodiamonds) and quantum dots. This article also gives insight into different biomedical, therapeutic and diagnostic applications of pullulan viz., imaging, tumor targeting, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, vaccine delivery, cosmetic applications, protein delivery, tissue engineering, photodynamic therapy and chaperone-like activities. The review also includes the toxicological profile of pullulan which is helpful for the development of suitable delivery systems for clinical applications.


Asunto(s)
Ingeniería Biomédica , Técnicas Biosensibles , Glucanos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Biodegradación Ambiental , Ingeniería Biomédica/métodos , Técnicas de Química Sintética , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Composición de Medicamentos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Conductividad Eléctrica , Endosomas , Glucanos/biosíntesis , Glucanos/toxicidad , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Liposomas , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Nanotecnología , Oxidación-Reducción , Temperatura
4.
Eur J Pharmacol ; 881: 173208, 2020 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32464192

RESUMEN

In most retinal diseases, neuronal loss is the main cause of vision loss. Neuroprotection is the alteration of neurons and/or their environment to encourage the survival and function of the neurons, especially in environments that are deleterious to the neuronal health. The area of neuroprotection progresses with a therapeutically-based hope of improving vision and clinical outcomes for patients through the developments in neurotrophic therapy, antioxidative therapy, anti-excitotoxic, anti-ischemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic care. In this review, we summarize the various neuroprotection strategies for the treatment of glaucoma, genetics of glaucoma and the role of various nanoplatforms in the treatment of glaucoma.


Asunto(s)
Glaucoma/terapia , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Nervio Óptico/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas Retinianas/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oftálmica , Animales , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Microambiente Celular , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Portadores de Fármacos , Terapia Genética , Glaucoma/genética , Glaucoma/metabolismo , Glaucoma/patología , Humanos , Nanopartículas , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/administración & dosificación , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Oftalmológicos , Nervio Óptico/metabolismo , Nervio Óptico/patología , Neuronas Retinianas/metabolismo , Neuronas Retinianas/patología
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