Atypical central neurocytoma with leptomeningeal dissemination: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Central neurocytomas represent 0.25-0.5% of all intracranial tumors in adults. Leptomeningeal spread is uncommon, and the exact incidence of meningeal spread is unknown due to sparse literature. We present the clinical course and management outcome of a case of atypical central neurocytoma with leptomeningeal spread. CASE PRESENTATION: A young gentleman, who initially presented with memory loss, was found to have a right intra-axial periventricular mass on imaging. He underwent subtotal resection, and operative histopathology suggested a periventricular atypical neurocytoma. In view of subtotal resection, adjuvant focal radiation therapy was recommended, but he developed headache and blurring of vision 10 days postoperatively. Contrast enhanced craniospinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed residual primary tumor as well as diffuse leptomeningeal spread. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology also showed malignant cells. After tumor board discussion, craniospinal axis irradiation was advised and delivered. He remained disease-free for 10 months after radiation therapy, but then developed local and spinal recurrence, and offered salvage chemotherapy. His general condition deteriorated following chemotherapy with disease progression, and he was subsequently advised best supportive care. CONCLUSION: Leptomeningeal dissemination in atypical neurocytomas portends an aggressive course and adverse prognosis; management decisions may need tailoring as per individual presentation.

Dissecting Aneurysm of Vertebral Artery Involving the Origin of Posteroinferior Cerebellar Artery Treated with Retrograde Stent Placement and Coil Embolization in the Era of Flow Diverter.

Ruptured vertebral artery (VA) dissecting aneurysm carries high risk of rerupture and mortality if not treated immediately. Dissecting aneurysm of the VA involving the posteroinferior cerebellar artery (PICA) origin is difficult to treat by surgical and endovascular route. With the availability of flow diversion device for reconstructive procedure, endovascular treatment has now become easy to treat difficult aneurysm while maintaining the patency of the PICA. However, instead of using flow diverter (FD) in our case, we successfully treated dissecting VA aneurysm involving the PICA origin with retrograde stent placement from distal right VA to the left PICA to maintain the patency of PICA and occlusion of dissecting aneurysm of VA with detachable coils instead of performing surgical bypass and FD placement.

Surpass Flow Diverter in the Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms-A Single-Center Experience.

BACKGROUND: Use of a Surpass flow diverter (FD) device in the treatment of acutely ruptured aneurysm has not been well studied and reported in the literature. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage who were treated by Surpass FD placement at our hospital between June 2016 and March 2018. Detailed analysis of medical records was performed to obtain patient age, gender, clinical history, Hunt and Hess grade, Fisher grade, results of radiographic and procedural details including technical success and complication, clinical outcome, and follow-up angiographic results. RESULTS: Our search identified 16 patients with 16 aneurysms who were treated with Surpass FD, of which 13 aneurysms (81%) were in the anterior circulation and 3 (19%) were in the posterior circulation. Aneurysm size ranged from 1.1 to 16 mm, with a mean of 4 mm. The mean delay between subarachnoid hemorrhage and endovascular treatment was 5 days (range, 3-20 days). Only 1 Surpass FD was used in each patient, ranging in size from 3 × 25 mm to 4 × 50 mm. Fifteen patients (94%) achieved favorable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-1) at 3 months. One patient died of invasive fungal infection. Angiographic follow-up results were assessed by O'Kelly-Marotta grading scale in 15 surviving patients and showed a grade D result (no filling) in 13/15 aneurysms (87%) at 3 and 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: A Surpass FD device is a feasible option for the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms that are difficult to treat by conventional clipping and coiling; however, larger and comparative studies with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm its safety and efficacy.

Recanalized Left Internal Carotid Artery Bifurcation Aneurysm with Adherent Thrombus at Aneurysm Neck and M1 Origin Diagnosed on 2-Dimensional Angiography-Cause of Embolic Stroke.

We report a unique case of recanalized left internal carotid artery aneurysm with thrombus adherent to the aneurysm neck and M1 origin diagnosed on 2-dimensional angiography causing embolic stroke in a 66-year-old female who was successfully treated with stent-assisted coiling. This is important to recognize as a cause of embolic stroke.

Endovascular glue embolization of dissecting aneurysm of type-3 accessory middle cerebral artery: A contralateral approach.

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms are rare with a reported prevalence of 0.5-4.6%. Likewise, anomalous arterial patterns are uncommon in the cerebral circulation. Recognition of these variations and knowledge of vascular territory forms the key to managing pathological conditions associated with these anomalous vessels. Ruptured dissecting aneurysm of type-3 accessory middle cerebral artery (aMCA) has not been reported in the pediatric age group. In addition to type-3 aMCA, the child in this case report had an ipsilateral type-1 aMCA with cortical supply. We describe the patterns of accessory MCA and their vascular territory, state the perplexity involved in deciding the best management strategy, and describe the technical approach we undertook to catheterize this small caliber recurrent artery (type-3 aMCA) originating at an acute angle from the anterior cerebral artery.

Visual outcome after surgery in patients with suprasellar tumors and preoperative blindness.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this paper was to study the visual outcome after surgery in patients with suprasellar tumors who experienced preoperative blindness in 1 or both eyes. METHODS: All patients with suprasellar tumors and no perception of light in 1 or both eyes and who underwent surgery between May 2002 and May 2006 were included in this retrospective study. Outcome was analyzed at discharge from the hospital and at follow-up. There were a total of 79 patients (51 males and 28 females, age range 5-70 years). There were 37 cases of pituitary adenomas, 19 craniopharyngiomas, 18 meningiomas, and 5 other tumors. Preoperatively 61 patients had uniocular blindness and 18 patients had binocular blindness. Of all 158 eyes, 97 (61.4%) were blind at admission and these eyes were analyzed. Sixty-three patients (79.7%) presented with headache and 14 (17.7%) with hypothalamic symptoms. Nearly one fourth (24%) of patients with a pituitary adenoma had a history of apoplexy. The duration of visual decline ranged from 3 days to 7 years, and the duration of blindness ranged from 1 day to 3 years. Patients underwent either transcranial or transsphenoidal tumor decompression. RESULTS: At discharge from the hospital visual improvement was exhibited in 23 (29%) of 79 patients and 27 (27.8%) of 97 eyes. Improvement to serviceable vision occurred in 7 (8.9%) of 79 patients and in 8 (8.2%) of 97 eyes with pre-operative blindness. After surgery, visual improvement was noted in 15 (24.6%) of 61 patients with uniocular blindness and 8 (44.4%) of 18 patients with binocular blindness. However, serviceable vision was restored in 5 (8.2%) of 61 patients with uniocular and 2 (11.1%) of 18 patients with binocular blindness. Bivariate analysis revealed male sex, shorter duration of blindness, presence of apoplexy, sellar tumor extension, soft tumor consistency, operative evidence of hemorrhage in tumor, and tumor histopathology (pituitary adenoma) to have significant impact on the outcome. Multivariate analysis revealed duration of blindness for > 12 weeks, apoplexy, and sellar extension to have a significant impact on visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the largest in the existing medical literature to evaluate the factors affecting visual outcome after surgery of suprasellar tumors with preoperative blindness.