Terminology focused on design and retention methods used for anterior resin-bonded fixed partial dentures in English literature: A scoping review.

Purpose: Novel terms describing several designs of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) continue to appear. Indeed, a variety of terms are used in the English scientific literature The use of a standard terminology is important for a fair and efficient understanding. This study aimed to investigate if the terminology used to describe designs and retention methods for anterior RBFPDs is standard. Methods: An electronic search in the English literature was conducted in PubMed/Medline to identify all publications reporting RBFPDs in the anterior region until August 2022. This search was completed by hand searching. Terms indicating different designs of RBFPDs were listed and then classified. Percentages of their use were calculated to determine the commonly used terms. Analysis of the use of these terms was performed based on the standards determined by the latest edition of the Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms (GPT). The impacts of the MeSH Thesaurus and GPT on the nomenclature used for RBFPDs was assessed. Results: A total of 125 articles were eligible for this review. In the retained articles, 86 terms were found. Among them, thirty-nine terms were classified into three groups. Only six terms were defined in the latest edition of GPT (GPT-9). Several classified terms that are commonly used were not identified in the GPT-9. Conversely to the GPT-9 which impact was insignificant, the MeSH Thesaurus had an important impact on the nomenclature used for RBFPDs. Conclusion: The terminology used to describe designs and retention methods for anterior RBFPDs was non-standard. The GPT-9, constituting an important reference, defined a limited number of terms related to RBFPDs and had no significant impact on the standardization of the terminology used for RBFPDs. Efforts should therefore be continued to standardize the terminology. A specialized mini-glossary grouping and defining all the terms found in this study will helpful in clarifying the terminology used for the anterior RBFPDs.

A rare cause of adult's epileptic crisis: Infratentorial multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor.

Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) of the cerebrum is a rare and benign lesion which has been recently included in World Health Organization Classification of the central nervous system tumors. Another entity of lesions would present the same radiological characteristics; however, it would be in the posterior fossa, hence its name: infratentorial multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor. They are frequently characterized by the presence of cystic (or cyst-like) nodular lesions and may show cortical involvement. They mainly can be differentiated from other cystic entities, by their clustered and unchanging nature over time. We present the case of a 54-year-old patient who has consulted for epileptic seizures. Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed a multicystic-looking mass involving the vermis and the left cerebellar hemisphere that had no changes at follow-up in the last year suggestive of infratentorial multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor.

Early bilateral pulmonary embolism in a polytrauma patient: About a case report.

Introduction: and importance: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-known complication in polytrauma patients, associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Generally pulmonary embolism (PE) is most common between the fifth and seventh days following a significant trauma, and it is uncommon before the fourth day. Their management remains a challenge to physicians given the nature and risk of blood loss from the accompanying injuries must be considered while using anticoagulant therapy. Case presentation: Here we present a case of acute pulmonary embolism in a previously healthy young woman that developed two days after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and varying degrees of additional blunt thoracic trauma. An angio CT scan was used to make the diagnosis, and the patient was given anticoagulant medication with close monitoring and satisfactory outcomes. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that early after trauma, a considerable number of trauma patients are hypercoagulable. In patients with unexplained dyspnea/hypoxia, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion and explore PE early after injury. In the case of traumatic brain injury patients with cerebral contusions, intraparenchymal haemorrhages, or subdural/extradural haemorrhages, the existence of post-traumatic PE adds to the problems.

Surgical and anesthetic management of paraganglioma diagnosed in a 2nd trimester parturient: Case report.

INTRODUCTION: Neuroendocrine tumors represent a rare entity whose diagnosis is based on clinical, biological and radiological arguments. When they are secreting, they expose the patient to serious complications that can be much more severe during pregnancy and engage the vital prognosis of both the mother and the fetus, which requires multidisciplinary management: anesthesiologist resuscitator - obstetrician - endocrinologist. CASE PRESENTATION: In our article, we report the case of a patient with an estimated pregnancy at 25 weeks of amenorrhea (WA) with a history of 3 miscarriages related to atypical gravid hypertension.The treatment consisted of preoperative medical preparation followed by removal of the paraganglioma and postoperative monitoring. The maternal-fetal evolution was favorable. CONCLUSION: The non-negligible morbi-mortality of this type of tumors require a multidisciplinary management.

Antidiarrheal effect of sodium hydrosulfide in diabetic rats: In vitro and in vivo studies.

BACKGROUND: The inhibitory effects of H2 S on spontaneous contractions of smooth muscles of small, and large intestines well-established but its role in the pathophysiology of diarrhea has not been identified. Therefore, this study evaluated the role of exogenous H2 S (NaHS) on diabetic-induced diarrhea and determined mRNA expression of cystathionine ß-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine γ-synthase (CBS) in diabetic rats. METHODS: In order to evaluate antidiarrheal effect of H2 S, normal and diabetic rats received NaHS and L-Cysteine and the total number of fecal pellets (FP) determined. The effect of NaHS on intestinal transit ratio (ITR) was also evaluated in diabetic rats. The level of mRNA expressions of CBS and CSE determined in smooth muscles of jejunum, ileum, and colon in normal, and diabetic rats. The effect of NaHS on frequency and tension of spontaneous contractions of smooth muscle strips of colon, ileum, and jejunum were investigated. KEY RESULTS: NaHS decreased ITR, total number of FP, frequency and tension of spontaneous contractions of colon, ileum, and jejunum muscle strips in diabetic rats. The level of mRNA expression of CSE and CBS in diabetic rats were lower than in normal rats. NaHS, and L-Cysteine decreased the number of FP in normal rats. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: These findings showed NaHS effectively controlled diarrhea in diabetic rats through decreasing the frequency, and tension of spontaneous contraction of smooth muscles of large, and small intestines. The increased frequency and tension of spontaneous contractions of smooth muscles in diabetic rats may be due to down-regulation of H2 S biosynthesis enzymes.

Effects of Teratogenic Drugs on CYP1A1 Activity in Differentiating Rat Embryo Cells.

CYP1A1, a P450 isoenzyme, is involved in the phase I xenobiotic metabolism including teratogen drugs. In the present study, the ability of teratogens to elevate the embryonic expression of CYP1A1 was examined. Micromass cell cultures prepared from day 13 rat embryo limb buds (LB). LB cells were cultivated and exposed for 5 days to retinoic acid (RA), hydrocortisone (HC), caffeine (CA) and quinine (QN). CYP1A1 protein expression and activity were measured using immunofluorescence staining and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) assay, respectively. The EROD activity increased significantly following LB cells exposure to RA and HC (p<0.05) but the expression of CYP1A1 protein was reduced by these drugs, whereas the expression of CYP1A1 protein and EROD activity decreased significantly following the addition of CA and QN (p<0.05, p<0.01). Our findings show that studied teratogens have potency to increase CYP1A1 activity.

Effects of Nigella sativa L. seed oil on abnormal semen quality in infertile men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

In recent years, wide utilization of herbal drugs has encouraged scientists to determine their impressive effects on health. Since Nigella sativa L. seed (N. sativa) has many uses including infertility in traditional medicine, the effects of Nigella sativa L. seed oil on abnormal semen quality in infertile men with abnormal semen quality are of interest. This study was conducted on Iranian infertile men with inclusion criteria of abnormal sperm morphology less than 30% or sperm counts below 20×10(6)/ml or type A and B motility less than 25% and 50% respectively. The patients in N. sativa oil group (n=34) received 2.5mlN. sativa oil and placebo group (n=34) received 2.5ml liquid paraffin two times a day orally for 2 months. At baseline and after 2 months, the sperm count, motility and morphology and semen volume, pH and round cells as primary outcomes were determined in both groups. Results showed that sperm count, motility and morphology and semen volume, pH and round cells were improved significantly in N. sativa oil treated group compared with placebo group after 2 months. It is concluded that daily intake of 5ml N. sativa oil for two months improves abnormal semen quality in infertile men without any adverse effects.

Effect of Quillaja saponaria dietary administration on colour, oxidative stability and volatile profile of muscle longissimus dorsi of Barbarine lamb.

Eighteen Barbarine lambs were assigned during 77 days to three dietary treatments (n=6): control, oat hay ad libitum and 400 g of concentrate; QS60 and the QS90 control diet supplemented with 60 mg and 90 mg Quillaja saponaria (QS) bark extract/kg dry matter, respectively. The analysis of pre-frozen longissimus dorsi muscle showed that the QS90 treatment reduced meat redness (a*) and saturation (C*) measured after 2h of blooming. It also reduced the rate of decrease in a* values (P=0.02) during 14 days of refrigerated storage. Supplementation with QS extended meat colour stability by reducing (P<0.05) the rate of increase in hue angle (H*) values. Neither the rate of metmyoglobin accumulation at the meat surface nor lipid peroxidation over storage duration differed between treatments. The overall meat volatile compound profile was similar between the groups. We conclude that supplementing QS affects meat colour development at the meat surface and extends its stability without producing detrimental effects on meat volatile compounds.

3,3'-Di-n-propyl-1,1'-(1,3-phenyl-ene-dimethyl-ene)di(1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis-(hexa-fluorophosphate).

In the title compound, C(20)H(28)N(4) (2+)·2PF(6) (-), the dihedral angles between the benzene ring and the imidazole rings are 70.18 (11) and 69.83 (11)°, while the imidazole rings form a dihedral angle of 40.52 (12)°. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯F inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a two-dimensional network parallel to (001). A π-π inter-action with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.601 (1) Šis also observed in the crystal structure.

3,3'-Diethyl-1,1'-(1,4-phenyl-ene-dimethyl-ene)diimidazol-3-ium bis-(hexa-fluoro-phosphate).

In the title mol-ecular salt, C(18)H(24)N(4) (2+)·2PF(6) (-), the complete dication is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre. The central benzene ring makes a dihedral angle of 77.19 (9)° with each of the imidazole rings. In the crystal, C-H⋯F inter-actions link the cations and anions into layers lying parallel to the bc plane. The hexa-fluoro-phosphate anion is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.520 (11):0.480 (11) ratio.

3,3'-Dicyclo-pentyl-1,1'-(1,3-phenyl-enedimethyl-ene)dibenzimidazol-1-ium bis-(hexa-fluoro-phosphate).

In the title compound, C(32)H(36)N(4) (2+)·2PF(6) (-), the cation and the anions each have crystallographic twofold rotation symmetry. The benzimidazole ring is almost planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0161 (1) Å] and makes a dihedral angle of 5.77 (4)° with its symmetry-related component and a dihedral angle of 80.96 (5)° with the central benzene ring. The cyclo-pentyl ring adopts a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional network through C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds. A C-H⋯π inter-action is also observed.

Effects of Nepeta menthoides aqueous extract on retention and retrieval of memory in mice.

There are several evidences that plants and vegetables with antioxidant activity can reduce oxidative damages in brain and improve cognitive functions. The aim of this study was evaluation of Nepeta menthoides aqueous extract on memory retention and retrieval of mice by using passive avoidance apparatus. For this purpose, mice were classified, coded, weighted and grouped (n = 8) as follow as: control group (Only electric shock), blank group (electric shock plus normal saline) and test groups (electric shock plus Nepeta menthoides extract by doses: 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg kg(-1), i.p.). Delay time of leaving the platform was measured for retention and retrieval test of memory in all mentioned groups. In retention test, plant extract was administered immediately after receiving electric shock while it was administered 24 h after receiving electric shock in retrieval. The results revealed that Nepeta menthoides aqueous extract significantly (p<0.05) increased memory retention and retrieval. The best response for memory retention and retrieval was achieved with 800 mg kg(-1) of Nepeta extract. In conclusion, enhancement of memory retention and retrieval by Nepeta menthoides could be cause of antioxidant activity of its components such as rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and phenolic acids.

3,3'-Di-n-propyl-1,1'-[p-phenyl-enebis(methyl-ene)]diimidazolium dibromide.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(20)H(28)N(4) (2+)·2Br(-), consists of half a 3,3'-di-n-propyl-1,1'-[p-phenyl-enenis(methyl-ene)]diimidazolium cation and a bromide anion. The cation is located on an inversion center and adopts an ⋯AAA⋯ trans conformation. In the crystal, the cation is linked to the anions via weak C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds.

Effect of dietary saponins from Quillaja saponaria L. on fatty acid composition and cholesterol content in muscle Longissimus dorsi of lambs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of saponins from Quillaja saponaria on fatty acid (FA) composition and cholesterol content in muscle Longissimus dorsi of lambs. A total of 24 Barbarine lambs were assigned to four dietary treatments: control diet (C) consisting of oat hay ad libitum and 400 g of concentrate (80% barley, 17.5% soybean meal and 2.5% vitamin and mineral supplement); C diet plus 30 ppm of Q. saponaria L. (QS30); C diet plus 60 ppm of Quillaja (QS60); C diet plus 90 ppm of Quillaja (QS90). Saponin supplementation reduced the concentration of C14:1 cis-9 (P = 0.001) and of its desaturation index (P = 0.002). None of the FA intermediates of ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) was affected by Quillaja saponin supplementation (P > 0.05). The concentration of C20:4n-6 was higher in the meat of animals receiving 60 ppm of Quillaja than C and QS30 groups. Supplementing 60 ppm of Quillaja reduced the ratio between α-linolenic and linoleic acids compared with the C group (P = 0.023). We did not find any significant effect of Quillaja saponins on muscle cholesterol level. Further investigations are necessary to assess the metabolic fate of saponins in the rumen and to understand whether there is an effect of saponin on Δ9-desaturase enzyme activity, ruminal BH and cholesterol metabolism in ruminants. Supplementing up to 90 ppm of Quillaja saponins did not produce detrimental effects on the overall meat FA profile.

3,3'-Di-n-butyl-1,1'-(p-phenyl-ene-dimethyl-ene)diimidazolium bis-(hexa-fluoro-phosphate).

The asymmetric unit of the title N-heterocyclic carbene compound, C(22)H(32)N(4) (2+)·2PF(6) (-), consists of one half of the N-heterocyclic carbene dication and one hexa-fluoro-phosphate anion. The dication lies across a crystallographic inversion center. The imidazole ring is twisted away from the central benzene ring, making a dihedral angle of 76.23 (6)°. The hexa-fluoro-phosphate anions link the cations into a three-dimensional network via inter-molecular C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds. A weak C-H⋯π inter-action further stabilizes the crystal structure.

Oligosaccharides of hyaluronan induce angiogenesis through distinct CD44 and RHAMM-mediated signalling pathways involving Cdc2 and gamma-adducin.

We used short-interfering RNA (siRNA) to knockdown the hyaluronan (HA) receptors CD44 and the receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) in vascular endothelial cells to investigate their role in angiogenesis. We showed that CD44 and RHAMM single knockdown inhibited low molecular weight hyaluronan (o-HA)-induced endothelial cell tube formation in Matrigel, but no change in the control, epidermal growth factor-induced tube formation was observed. Using a Kinexus phosphoprotein array and confirmational Western blotting we were able to show a differential effect on HA-induced protein expression after CD44 and RHAMM knockdown. CD44 knockdown abolished o-HA-induced membrane phospho-protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha) and down-stream phospho-gamma-adducin expression. Using the PKC inhibitor Go6976, we demonstrated the involvement of PKC-alpha and gamma-adducin in o-HA-induced tube formation, whilst o-HA-induced enzymatic activity of MMP9 was also reduced. This suggests that endothelial tube formation involves activation of MMP9 via PKC-alpha. Furthermore, the involvement of gamma-adducin in o-HA-induced F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement was CD44-dependent and the reduction of CD44 expression lead to a change in endothelial cell morphology. Both RHAMM and CD44 knockdown completely inhibited o-HA-induced Cdc2 (Cdk1) phosphorylation suggesting a possible involvement in cell cycle control. Although CD44 and RHAMM are both involved in o-HA-induced endothelial tube formation in Matrigel, they mediate distinct angiogenic signalling pathway and for the first time we demonstrated the specific involvement of gamma-adducin in CD44/o-HA-induced endothelial tube formation. The data presented here extend our understanding of key stages of the processes of o-HA-induced angiogenesis which may have relevance to tumour progression.

Slow proliferation as a biological feature of colorectal cancer metastasis.

BACKGROUND: We have recently reported an inverse relationship between colon cancer progression and tumour proliferative activity. Here, we extend our findings by evaluating the proliferative activity of liver metastatic lesions and primary colorectal cancers (CRC) that differ in their metastatic potential. METHODS: Using an earlier established multi-gene proliferation signature (GPS), proliferative levels were analysed in 73 primary CRCs and 27 liver metastases. RESULTS: Compared with primary CRCs, we observed a significantly lower expression of the GPS in liver metastases and confirmed their lower proliferative levels by quantitative RT-PCR and Ki-67 immunostaining. No difference could be detected in apoptotic indices as assessed by M30 immunostaining, indicating that the net growth rate is lower in metastases relative to primary tumours. Notably, relapsed primaries or those with established metastases had significantly lower proliferative activity than CRCs that were non-metastatic and did not relapse. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that slow proliferation is a biological characteristic of both liver metastases and those primary tumours with the ability to metastasise. The delineation of the mechanisms underlying the inverse association between proliferation and CRC aggressiveness may be important for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

[Active drug monitoring of adverse drug reactions in pediatric emergency department]. / Recueil systématique et actif des évènements indésirables médicamenteux chez les enfants admis aux urgences pédiatriques.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children consulting at the pediatric emergency unit during a 6-month period. METHOD: The regional pharmacovigilance center (CRPV) and the department of clinical pharmacology prospectively and systematically recorded all potential ADRs among patients younger than 18 years of age in the pediatric emergency unit reported at the daily staff meetings. All cases were then screened and validated by the CRPV. For validated cases, preventability, seriousness, and off-label use were evaluated. RESULTS: During the study period, from 1 March to 1 September 2005, 90 children presented potential adverse drug events. ADRs were confirmed in 43 patients, 19 females and 24 males. Thirty-four patients (79%) were under the age of 5. According to the European definition, 14 patients (33%) had serious ADRs. One anaphylactic shock after amoxicillin injection; antimalarial prophylaxis misuse leading to convulsive status epilepticus, convulsion, and coma after hepatitis B and MMR vaccines were deemed life-threatening. Three ADRs were considered avoidable. Antibiotics and vaccines were the most common possible cause of ADRs (76%). Skin reactions (n=27), fever (n=8), and gastric disorders (n=5) were the most common clinical manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Because ADRs were reported by clinicians on a voluntary basis, serious ADRs were probably reported more systematically. Compared to a similar period without active monitoring, active drug monitoring of ADRs doubled the number of confirmed cases 43 vs 17, p<0.001. Close collaboration between the pharmacovigilance center, pharmacologists, and clinicians is necessary and seems feasible for improving the monitoring of ADRs in children.