Extracellular vesicles secreted by equine adipose mesenchymal stem cells preconditioned with transforming growth factor ß-1 are enriched in anti-fibrotic miRNAs and inhibit the expression of fibrotic genes in an in vitro system of endometrial stromal cells fibrosis.

Mare endometrosis is a major reproductive problem associated with low fertility and is characterized by persistent inflammation, TGFß-1 signaling, and consequently, extracellular matrix deposition, which compromises endometrial glands. Mesenchymal stem cell-based products (MSCs), such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), have gained attention due to the regulatory effects exerted by their miRNA cargo. Here, we evaluated the impact of preconditioning equine adipose mesenchymal stem cells with TGFß-1 for short or long periods on the anti-fibrotic properties of secreted extracellular vesicles. MSCs were isolated from six healthy horses and exposed to TGFß-1 for 4, 24, and 0 h. The expression of anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrotic miRNAs and mRNAs in treated cells and miRNAs in the cargo of secreted extracellular vesicles was measured. The resulting EVs were added for 48 h to endometrial stromal cells previously induced to a fibrotic status. The expression of anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrotic genes and miRNAs was evaluated in said cells using qPCR and next-generation sequencing. Preconditioning MSCs with TGFß-1 for 4 h enriched the anti-fibrotic miRNAs (mir29c, mir145, and mir200) in cells and EVs. Conversely, preconditioning the cells for 24 h leads to a pro-fibrotic phenotype overexpressing mir192 and mir433. This finding might have implications for developing an EV-based protocol to treat endometrial fibrosis in mares.

The Mediating Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Association between a Negative Lifestyle and Poor Mental Health in Chilean Schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: A negative lifestyle has a reported relationship with psychological problems and deteriorated well-being. However, there is little information regarding the mediating role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in this relationship. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present study are twofold: first, to investigate the association between negative lifestyle, physical self-concept (PSC), and depression, and second, to assess the potential mediating role of CRF in this complex relationship. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 612 schoolchildren aged between 9 and 14 years from the Araucanía region (southern Chile). CRF was measured using the Leger test, and lifestyle, depression, and PSC were measured using validated questionnaires. RESULTS: A negative lifestyle reported an inverse association with PSC (p < 0.001) and a positive association with depression levels (p < 0.001). The mediation analysis showed that CRF was positively related to PSC (p < 0.001) and inversely related to depression (p = 0.001); besides, the indirect effect CRF acted as a partial mediator in the association between a negative lifestyle and PSC (indirect effect = -1.15; SE = 0.01; 95% CI, -1.87, -0.55) and depression levels (indirect effect = 0.22; SE = 0.08; 95% CI, 0.08, 0.38). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, CRF in schoolchildren played a potential mediating role in the association between a negative lifestyle and depression and PSC.

Association between Active Commuting and Lifestyle Parameters with Mental Health Problems in Chilean Children and Adolescent.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between active commuting (i.e., walking or cycling to school) with lifestyle parameters and mental health in youths. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between mental health problems and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress with lifestyle (i.e., food habits, screen time, physical activity, and sleep quality), active commuting, and gender. METHODS: A total of 511 children and adolescents (boys, n = 249; girls, n = 262) aged 10 to 17 years participated in the study. Lifestyle parameters and mental health were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). RESULTS: Girls reported higher levels of anxiety (p = 0.001), depression (p = 0.001), and stress (p = 0.001). Mental health problems showed a positive association with gender (girls, ß = 3.06, p < 0.001) and a negative association with food habits (ß = -0.65, p = 0.019). Anxiety was positively associated with gender (ß = 7.88, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with food habits (ß = -0.23, p = 0.019). Gender (girls) and food habits were also associated with symptoms of depression (ß = 2.29, p < 0.001 and ß = -0.27, p = 0.005, respectively). Finally, active commuting was inversely associated with stress (ß = -1.24, p = 0.008), and stress was positively linked to gender (ß = 2.53, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Active commuting, lifestyle parameters, and gender were associated with mental health in children and adolescents. Moreover, girls reported higher levels of anxiety, symptoms of depression, and stress.

Exploring the mediating role of promoting school physical activity on the relationship between low socioeconomic status and academic achievement and school climate: evidence from 4,990 Chilean schools.

There is evidence that promoting school physical activity (PSPA) benefits children and adolescents, but little is understood about how this promotion may relate to academic achievement and school climate across varying levels of socioeconomic status (SES). Hence, the study aimed to address this knowledge gap by examining two main objectives: (1) determining the association between PSPA and academic achievement and school climate according to schools' SES and (2) exploring the potential mediating role of PSPA in the relationship between schools' SES and academic achievement and school climate. This cross-sectional study at the school level focused on 4,990 schools (including public, subsidized, and private schools) that participated in the National Educational Study 2018 (Chile), which was applied to primary schoolchildren (4th grade, aged 8-10 years). Schools were divided into non-PSPA (n = 4,280) and PSPA (n = 710) during the year 2018. Changes in academic achievement from 2017 to 2018 and school climate were considered. PSPA was associated with improvements in maths (low-SES OR: 1.80, p < 0.001) and reading (middle-SES OR: 1.45, p = 0.029; low-SES OR: 1.47, p < 0.001). The indirect effect (IE) showed that PSPA partially mediated the relationship between SES and academic achievement in reading (IE = 1.017; SE = 0.12; 95%CI, -1.27, -0.77), maths (IE = -1.019; SE = 0.12; 95%CI, -1.25, -0.78), and school climate (IE = -0.46; SE = 0.52; 95%CI, -0.56, -0.35). In conclusion, PSPA was linked to positive changes in academic achievement, especially among low SES, and PSPA presented a potential mediating role in the relationship between SES of schools and academic achievement and school climate.

Healthy Lifestyle Related to Executive Functions in Chilean University Students: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: A negative lifestyle is reported to be related to cognitive problems. However, there is little information about this in relation to university students. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between executive functions (EFs) and lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA), sleep duration, screen time (ST), and food habits) among Chilean university students. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included a total of 150 university students (94 females and 56 males, aged 21.28 ± 3.15 and 22.18 ± 2.90 years, respectively). Cognitive outcomes were measured using the CogniFit assessment battery. Lifestyle was measured through validated questionnaires. RESULTS: Across the total sample, attention exhibited a positive association with PA h/week (ß: 24.34 95% CI: 12.46 to 36.22, p = 0.001). Additionally, coordination was positively associated with PA h/week (ß: 15.06 95% CI: 0.62 to 29.50, p < 0.041). PA h/week was positively linked with reasoning (ß: 20.34 95% CI: 4.52 to 36.17, p = 0.012) and perception (ß: 13.81 95% CI: 4.14 to 23.49, p = 0.005). Moreover, PA h/week was significantly linked to memory (ß: 23.01 95% CI: 7.62 to 38.40, p = 0.004). In terms of the EFs, PA h/week showed a positive association with cognitive flexibility (ß: 45.60 95% CI: 23.22 to 67.69, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, lifestyle (PA h/week) was positively associated with EFs. Therefore, an increase in PA levels among these students should be a target for community- and university-based interventions in order to promote cognitive development such as attention, coordination, reasoning, perception, memory, and cognitive flexibility.

Short preconditioning with TGFß of equine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells predisposes towards an anti-fibrotic secretory phenotype: A possible tool for treatment of endometrosis in mares.

Endometrosis in mares is a disease resulting from chronic inflammation characterized by peri glandular fibrosis. There is no effective treatment so far, which opens the door for exploring the use of stem cells as a candidate. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFß) is crucial for the establishment and progression of fibrosis in mare's endometrosis. We aimed to develop regenerative approaches to treat endometrosis by using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), for which understanding the effect of TGFß on exogenous MSC is crucial. We isolated and characterized equine adipose MSC from six donors. Cells were pooled and exposed to 10 ng/ml of TGFß for 0, 4, and 24 h, after which cells were analyzed for proliferation, migration, mesodermal differentiation, expression of fibrosis-related mRNAs, and prostaglandin E2 secretion. At 24 h of exposition to TGFß, there was a progressive increase in the contraction of the monolayer, leading to nodular structures, while cell viability did not change. Exposure to TGFß impaired adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation after 4 h of treatment, which was more marked at 24 h, represented by a decrease in Oil red and Alizarin red staining, as well as a significant drop (p < 0.05) in the expression of key gene regulators of differentiation processes (PPARG for adipose and RUNX2 for osteogenic differentiation). TGFß increased chondrogenic differentiation as shown by the upsurge in size of the resulting 3D cell pellet and intensity of Alcian Blue staining, as well as the significant up-regulation of SOX9 expression (p < 0.05) at 4 h, which reached a maximum peak at 24 h (p < 0.01), indicative of up-regulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Preconditioning MSC with TGFß led to a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the expression of myofibroblast gene markers aSMA, COL1A1, and TGFß at 24 h exposition time. In contrast, the expression of COL3A1 did not change with respect to the control but registered a significant downregulation compared to 4 h (p < 0.05). TGFß also affected the expression of genes involved in PGE2 synthesis and function; COX2, PTGES, and the PGE2 receptor EP4 were all significantly upregulated early at 4 h (p < 0.05). Cells exposed to TGFß showed a significant upregulation of PGE2 secretion at 4 h compared to untreated cells (p < 0.05); conversely, at 24 h, the PGE2 values decreased significantly compared to control cells (p < 0.05). Preconditioning MSC for 4 h led to an anti-fibrotic secretory phenotype, while a longer period (24 h) led to a pro-fibrotic one. It is tempting to propose a 4-h preconditioning of exogenous MSC with TGFß to drive them towards an anti-fibrotic phenotype for cellular and cell-free therapies in fibrotic diseases such as endometrosis of mares.

A Subovulatory Dose of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) May Sustain Terminal Follicle Development and Reproductive Efficiency during Anestrus in Sheep.

The study tested the hypothesis that a single administration of hCG supports the LH-dependent phase of terminal follicular development in synchronized sheep during anestrus, using eCG as a functional reference. Using a clinical approach, four experiments were designed to achieve the following: (1) Identify the inhibitory influence of anestrus on reproduction efficiency; (2) Assess the potential of hCG to keep functional blood concentrations after a single dose; (3) Characterize the effect of different doses of hCG on reproductive functional markers; (4) To compare the ability of hCG to that of eCG to support follicular development and fertility based on the same markers. The results showed that anestrus seems to affect follicular and luteal function under LH dependency as FSH-dependent markers are not compromised; hCG maintains higher blood concentrations than controls for at least 48 h; hCG improves follicular development and ovulatory rates compared to controls and at standards comparable to a breeding season; and ewes treated with hCG exhibit similar performance to those treated with eCG. Our results conclude that hCG can be used to support follicular function during anestrus in sheep, aiming to perfect its regulation in assisted reproduction.

Unveiling the Role of IGF-I in Fertility: Effect of Long-Acting Bovine Somatotropin (bST) on Terminal Follicular Development and Fertility during an Annual Reproductive Cycle in Sheep.

The study aimed to assess the effect of long-acting bST treatment, in a dose that only increases IGF-I plasma concentrations, on ovarian and fertility markers of estrous synchronized ewes that were fed to keep their bodyweight. Three experiments were designed to evaluate this effect: in Experiment 1, 18 ewes were distributed in groups (bST 0, 30, 50 mg) to measure plasma IGF-I and insulin for 15 days; in Experiment 2, 92 ewes (5 replicates) in two groups (0 and 30 mg bST) were synchronized using a 6-day progesterone protocol during the breeding season to assess the effect of bST on follicular and luteal performances, estrous and ovulation, and fertility after mating. In Experiment 3, 50 ewes (3 replicates) were used to repeat the study before but during anestrus. Results indicate that 50 mg bST increased IGF-I and insulin plasma concentrations, but 30 mg bST only increased IGF-I concentrations; and that only during the breeding season did 30 mg bST increase the number of lambs born and the reproductive success of ovulatory-sized follicles compared to controls. This occurred without it affecting any other reproductive marker. In conclusion, 30 mg bST treatment may improve oocyte competence for fertility during the breeding season.

Association between relative handgrip strength and abdominal obesity, type-2 diabetes and hypertension in a Mexican population / Asociación entre la fuerza prensil relativa de la mano y la obesidad abdominal, la diabetes de tipo 2 y la hipertensión en una población mexicana

Background: handgrip strength (HGS) is a health-status parameter associated with multicomorbidity in the adult population.Objective: the aim of the present study was to determine the association between HGS (i.e., absolute and relative) and abdominal obesity (AO), type-2 diabetes (T2D), and hypertension (HT), as well as to determine the association between low relative HGS with the presence of multicomorbidity (i.e., the co-occurrence of two or more comorbidities together) in a Mexican population.Methodology: a cross-sectional study was carried out in 860 participants from the south of Mexico (661 women and 199 men). The age range evaluated was from 18 to 65 years. Assessments were made of sociodemographic data, clinical history, anthropometric parameters, and measurement of maximal HGS.Results: the regression models adjusted by age show that the presence of comorbidities (i.e., AO, HT and T2D) was linked negatively to HGS (i.e., absolute and relative). Moreover, in men, a low relative HGS in both hands reported an association with the presence of three simultaneous comorbidities (right, RR: 17.2, p < 0.001; left, RR: 11.92, p = 0.020). In women the same association was found (right, RR: 10.42, p < 0.001; left, RR: 9.90, p < 0.001).Conclusion: lower levels of relative HGS were linked to the presence of simultaneous comorbidities (i.e., the joint presence of AO, T2D and HT). Furthermore, HGS (i.e., absolute and relative) presented an inverse association with individual anthropometric and clinical parameters related to cardiovascular risk in the Mexican population. (AU)

Introducción: la fuerza prensil de la mano (FPM) es un parámetro asociado con la multicomorbilidad en la población adulta.Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la FPM (absoluta y relativa) y la obesidad abdominal (OA), la diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) y la hipertensión (HT), así como su asociación con la multicomorbilidad (co-occurrencia de dos o más comorbilidades conjuntas) en una población mexicana.Metodología: se presenta un estudio transversal realizado en 860 participantes del sur de México (661 mujeres y 199 hombres). El rango de edad de los participantes fue de 18 a 65 años. Se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas de la población, los parámetros clínicos y antropométricos, y la medición de la FPM máxima.Resultados:los resultados demostraron una asociación entre la disminución de la FPM (absoluta y relativa) y la presencia de comorbilidades (OA, DT2 e HT). En los hombres, la disminución de la FPM relativa reportada en ambas manos se asoció con la presencia simultánea de tres comorbilidades (derecha, RR: 17,2, p < 0,001; izquierda, RR: 11,92, p = 0,020). Se observó una asociación similar también en las mujeres (derecha, RR: 10,42, p < 0,001; izquierda, RR: 9,90, p < 0,001).Conclusión: los bajos niveles de FPM relativa se asocian con la presencia simultánea de comorbilidades (presencia conjunta de OA, DT2 y HT). Además, la FPM (absoluta y relativa) se relaciona negativamente con los parámetros clínicos y antropométricos relacionados con el riesgo cardiovascular en la población mexicana. (AU)

The social and psychological health of children is associated with Mediterranean diet adherence items, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lifestyle / La salud social y psicológica de los niños está asociada a los ítems de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria y el estilo de vida

Background: Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence, physical activity (PA) patterns, and physical fitness are associated with physical, social, and psychological health in children. Objective: the purpose of this study was to determine the association of items of MD adherence, fitness components, and lifestyle with psychological and social health in Chilean schoolchildren. Material and methods: this cross-sectional study included 615 schoolchildren, both girls (n = 271, 11.7 ± 1.00 years old) and boys (n = 344, 11.8 ± 1.1 years old). Anthropometric parameters, fitness components, lifestyle, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and self-esteem were measured. Results: HRQoL showed an association with cardiorespiratory fitness (β: 0.12, p < 0.001) and PA (β: 0.32, p = 0.023). Self-esteem was inversely associated with screen time (β: -1.35, p < 0.001). Moreover, social health presented a positive association with PA after school (β: 0.06, p = 0.037). In relation to MD adherence items, HRQoL was linked to the items “Takes a fruit or fruit juice every day” (β: 1.93, p = 0.004) and “Consumes fresh or cooked vegetables > 1 time/day” (β: 1.12, p = 0.018). Self-esteem was associated to “Consumes a dairy product > 1 time/day” (β: 3.30, p = 0.030). Social health was inversely related to “Eats at a fast food restaurant ≥ 1 time/week” (β: -0.26, p = 0.003) and positively to “Consumes pasta or rice almost every day” (β: 0.35, p = 0.049). Conclusion: MD adherence items, fitness, and lifestyle were linked to psychological and social health, therefore it is necessary to develop preventive strategies for schoolchildren to change in a positive way these modifiable lifestyle behaviors. (AU)

Antecedentes: la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM), los patrones de actividad física (AF) y la condición física están asociados a la salud física, social y psicológica de los niños. Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre ítems de adherencia a la DM, componentes de la condición física y el estilo de vida con la salud psicológica y social de los escolares chilenos. Material y métodos: este estudio transversal incluyó a 615 escolares, niñas (n = 271, 11,7 ± 1,00 años) y niños (n = 344, 11,8 ± 1,1 años). Se midieron parámetros antropométricos, componentes de la condición física, estilo de vida, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y autoestima. Resultados: la CVRS mostró asociación con la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria (β: 0,12, p < 0,001) y la PA (β: 0,32, p = 0,023). La autoestima, por su parte, se relacionó de manera inversa con el tiempo frente a la pantalla (β: -1,35, p < 0,001). Además, la salud social presentó una asociación positiva con la AF después de la escuela (β: 0,06, p = 0,037). En relación a los ítems de adherencia a la DM, la CVRS se vinculó a los ítems “Toma una fruta o jugo de fruta todos los días” (β: 1,93, p = 0,004) y “Consume verduras frescas o cocidas > 1 vez/día” (β: 1,12, p = 0,018). La autoestima se asoció a “Consume un producto lácteo > 1 vez/día” (β: 3,30, p = 0,030). La salud social se vinculó inversamente con “Come en un restaurante de comida rápida ≥ 1 vez/semana” (β: -0,26, p = 0,003) y positivamente con “Consume pasta o arroz casi todos los días” (β: 0,35, p = 0,049). Conclusión: los ítems de adherencia a la DM, la condición física y el estilo de vida se relacionaron con la salud psicológica y social de los escolares, por lo que es necesario desarrollar estrategias preventivas para modificar de manera positiva estas conductas de estilo de vida modificables. (AU)

Immunohistochemical Markers in the Differential Diagnosis of Melanoma and Nevus in Humans

SUMMARY: Immunohistochemistry allows in situ detection of cell and extracellular components through specific antibodies. The objective was to compare the immunohistochemical expression patterns of the S-100, HMB-45 and MART-1 proteins for differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and melanocytic nevus in human skin biopsies. Thirty-nine biopsies of human tissue were used. They were divided into two groups: 19 in malignant melanoma and 20 in melanocytic nevi. Next, the samples were fixed with paraformaldehyde and processed following the protocol for inclusion. Then, immunohistochemical staining was performed. Finally, the histological and qualitative analysis of the samples was carried out. S-100, HMB-45, and MART-1 markers showed positive immunoreaction in melanoma biopsies. HMB-45 marker was generally present with weaker expression than S-100 and MART-1 in melanocytic nevus biopsies. No expression pattern was observed which specifically associates one or more markers with some types of histopathological diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry is fundamental in differential diagnosis of melanomas and melanocytic nevi. However, there is no antibody or set of antibodies which allows unequivocal diagnosis between melanoma and nevus. It is therefore necessary to analyze with care the expression pattern and location of the lesion using standard morphological characteristics.

RESUMEN: La inmunohistoquímica permite la detección in situ de componentes celulares y extracelulares a través de anticuerpos específicos. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue comparar los patrones de expresión inmunohistoquímica de las proteínas S-100, HMB-45 y MART-1 para el diagnóstico diferencial de melanoma maligno y nevo melanocítico en biopsias de piel humana. Se utilizaron treinta y nueve biopsias de tejido humano, las que fueron divididas en dos grupos: 19 en melanoma maligno y 20 en nevos melanocíticos. A continuación, las muestras se fijaron con paraformaldehído y se procesaron siguiendo el protocolo convencional para su inclusión. Luego, se realizó la tinción inmunohistoquímica. Finalmente, se realizó el análisis histológico y cualitativo de las muestras. Los marcadores S-100, HMB- 45 y MART-1 mostraron inmunorreacción positiva en biopsias de melanoma. El marcador HMB-45 estuvo generalmente presente con una expresión más débil que S-100 y MART-1 en biopsias de nevo melanocítico. No se observó ningún patrón de expresión que asocie específicamente uno o más marcadores con algunos tipos de diagnóstico histopatológico. La inmunohistoquímica es fundamental en el diagnóstico diferencial de melanomas y nevos melanocíticos. Sin embargo, no existe ningún anticuerpo o panel de anticuerpos que permita un diagnóstico inequívoco entre el melanoma y el nevo. Por tanto, es necesario analizar con cuidado el patrón de expresión y la localización de la lesión utilizando características morfológicas estándar.

Integrated optical density analysis of the immunohistochemical expression of the progesterone receptor in the uterine endometrium of prepubertal araucana sheep / Análisis por densidad óptica integrada de la expresión inmunohistoquímica del receptor de progesterona en el endometrio uterino de ovejas prepúberes de raza araucana

SUMMARY: Progesterone receptors are expressed in the reproductive organs of adult sheep, where they regulate morphofunctional and reproductive development. However, various studies have shown the presence of these receptors in the uterus of prepubertal females. It is not clear what role these receptors have at this level of development in uterine tissue. Therefore, it is relevant as a first step in the investigation, to determine the expression and histological distribution of the progesterone receptor in prepubertal sheep in order to determine possible functions at this level of reproductive development. Immunohistochemical analysis allows visualizing the specific presence of a protein in the cellular and histological context, however, the results displayed through digital images are qualitative data and subject to the observer's criteria. In this work, a quantitative analysis method of immunohistochemical expression of the progesterone receptor in ovine endometrium is presented, using digital analysis of images, by means of integrated optical density of digital photographs of histological sections processed with immunohistochemical methods. The results show the possibility of quantitatively evaluating the expression of progesterone receptors in the endometrial stroma and prepubertal endometrial glands by applying the integrated optical density analysis of digital images.

RESUMEN: Los receptores de progesterona se expresan en los órganos reproductores de ovejas adultas, donde regulan el desarrollo morfofuncional y reproductivo. Sin embargo, diversos estudios han demostrado la presencia de estos receptores en útero de hembras prepúberes. No está claro, el papel que estos receptores tienen en este nivel de desarrollo en tejido uterino. Por lo que, es relevante como primer paso en la investigación, determinar la expresión y distribución histológica del receptor de progesterona en ovejas prepúberes con el fin determinar posibles funciones en este nivel de desarrollo reproductivo. El análisis inmuno- histoquímico permite visualizar la presencia específica de una proteína en el contexto celular e histológico, sin embargo, los resultados visualizados a través de imágenes digitales, son datos cualitativos y sujeto al criterio del observador. En este trabajo se presenta un método de análisis cuantitativo de expresión inmunohistoquímica del receptor de progesterona en endometrio ovino, utilizando análisis digital de imágenes, mediante densidad óptica integrada de fotografías digitales de cortes histológicos procesados con métodos inmunohistoquímicos. Los resultados muestran la posibilidad de evaluar cuantitativamente la expresión de los receptores de progesterona en el estroma endometrial y las glándulas endometriales prepúberes aplicando el análisis de densidad óptica integrado de imágenes digitales.

Barotrauma en COVID-19: Asociación de neumotórax y uso de cánula nasal de alto flujo / Barotrauma in COVID-19: Association between pneumothorax and high flow nasal cannula use

La cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) es una alternativa en la oxigenoterapia de pacientes en insuficiencia respiratoria aguda hipoxémica, especialmente en contexto de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Existen muchos beneficios, con distintos niveles de evidencia y muy pocos efectos adversos reportados a su uso descritos en adultos. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, que cursando con una neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2, mientras recibía terapia con CNAF, desarrolló un neumotórax. Esta complicación asociada a la terapia con CNAF es poco reportada en la literatura, lo que motiva este reporte.

High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) is an alternative to deliver oxygen in patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure, especially in the context of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. There are plenty of benefits described, with different evidence levels and very few adverse effects published in adults until now. We report the case of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, presenting with SARS-CoV-2 severe pneumonia that while receiving oxygen with HFNC developed pneumothorax. This complication associated with HFNC has not been commonly described, which motivates this report.

Negative feelings and behaviour are associated with low nutritional level, unhealthy lifestyle, and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chilean schoolchildren / Los sentimientos y comportamientos negativos están asociados al bajo nivel nutricional, el estilo de vida poco saludable y factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en los escolares chilenos

BACKGROUND: feelings and behaviours are an important tool that should be considered to prevent early unhealthy lifestyles. OBJECTIVE: the objective was to determine the association between feelings (i.e., sadness, loneliness, and school behaviour) with lifestyle (i.e., physical activity patterns and nutritional level), and as secondary endpoint to determine the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and lifestyle with obesity and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors in Latin American schoolchildren. METHODS: this cross-sectional study included a sample of 634 schoolchildren (girls, n = 282, 11.86 ± 0.82 years, and boys, n = 352, 12.02 ± 0.87 years) from publics schools in Chile. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), body fat (BF), lifestyle, nutritional level, HRQoL, and CMR (i.e., WtHR > 0.5) were evaluated. RESULTS: schoolchildren who have felt sadness and loneliness presented an association with low nutritional level (OR: 4.26, 95 % CI: 2.0-9.0, p < 0.001, and OR: 4.47, 95 % CI: 2.5-7.9, p < 0.001, respectively), bad lifestyle (OR: 2.14, 95 % CI: 1.0-4.54, p = 0.048, and OR: 1.78, 95 % CI: 1.01-3.1, p = 0.045, respectively), and obesity (OR: 2.0, 95 % CI; 0.89-4.54, p = 0.09, and OR: 2.05, 95 % CI; 1.04-4.0, p = 0.037, respectively). Schoolchildren who have had enough time for themselves reported an association with bad lifestyle (OR: 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.47-1.02, p = 0.06), and those who have could not pay attention presented the highest association with bad lifestyle (OR: 4.64, 95 % CI: 72-12.56, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Latin American schoolchildren who have felt sadness and loneliness reported unhealthy lifestyles (i.e., lower nutritional level, increased screen time, and low physical activity), obesity, and thus a higher CMR burden

ANTECEDENTES: los sentimientos y los comportamientos son una herramienta importante que se debe tener en cuenta para prevenir el estilo de vida poco saludable. OBJETIVO: el objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre los sentimientos (es decir, tristeza, soledad y comportamiento escolar) con el estilo de vida (es decir, los patrones de actividad física y el nivel nutricional), y el segundo objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y el estilo de vida con la obesidad y los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico (CMR) en escolares latinoamericanos. MÉTODOS: este estudio transversal incluyó una muestra de 634 escolares (niñas, n = 282, 11,86 ± 0,82 años y niños, n = 352, 12,02 ± 0,87 años) de escuelas públicas de Chile. Se evaluaron el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de la cintura (CC), la relación cintura-estatura (RCE), la grasa corporal (GC), el estilo de vida, el nivel nutricional, la CVRS y el CMR (es decir, RCE > 0,5). RESULTADOS: los escolares que han sentido tristeza y soledad presentaron asociación con un bajo nivel nutricional (OR: 4,26, IC 95 %: 2,0-9,0, p < 0,001, y OR: 4,47, IC 95 %: 2,5-7,9, p < 0,001, respectivamente), un mal estilo de vida (OR: 2,14, IC 95 %: 1,0-4,54, p = 0,048 y OR: 1,78, IC 95 %: 1,01-3,1, p = 0,045, respectivamente) y obesidad (OR: 2,0, IC 95 %: 0,89-4,54, p = 0,09 y OR: 2,05, IC 95 %: 1,04-4,0, p = 0,037, respectivamente). Los escolares que han tenido suficiente tiempo para sí mismos informaron la asociación con un mal estilo de vida (OR: 0,69; IC del 95 %: 0,47-1,02, p = 0,06), y los que no han podido prestar atención en la escuela presentaron una mayor asociación con un estilo de vida malo (OR: 4.64, IC 95 %: 72-12,56, p = 0,002). CONCLUSIÓN: en conclusión, los escolares latinoamericanos que han sentido tristeza y soledad reportaron un estilo de vida poco saludable (es decir, un nivel nutricional más bajo, más tiempo frente a la pantalla y poca actividad física), obesidad y, por lo tanto, mayor CMR

Respuesta en escolares con obesidad al ejercicio intervalado de alta intensidad aplicado en el contexto escolar / Response of obese schoolchildren to high-intensity interval training applied in the school context

Antecedentes: El ejercicio intervalado de alta intensidad (HIIT) ha sido utilizado ampliamente para combatir los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en población adolescente y adulta, existiendo un vacío de su aplicabilidad en población infantil. Objetivos: Determinar los efectos de un HIIT sobre distintos parámetros antropométricos y cardiovasculares de niños con sobrepeso y obesidad de entre 7 y 9 años de edad. Material y métodos: Cuatro grupos fueron formados: 1) grupo control con sobrepeso (GCS, n = 30, IMC = 21,60 ± 3,72 kg/m2); 2) grupo control con obesidad (GCO, n = 34, IMC = 23,92 ± 3,11 kg/m2); 3) grupo intervención con sobrepeso (GIS, n = 69, IMC = 20,01 ± 1,88 kg/m2), y 4) grupo intervención con obesidad (GIO, n = 141, IMC=24,12 ± 2,66 kg/m2). El IMC, grasa corporal (GC), circunferencia de cintura, razón cintura-estatura, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria (CRF), fueron evaluadas pre- y postintervención. Resultados: Existieron diferencias significativas en las variables IMC (p < 0,001), GC (p < 0,001) y CRF (p < 0,001) en la comparación entre grupos (control vs. intervención) en pre- y postintervención (GCS vs. GIS y GCO vs. GIO). El GIS (IMC; pre = 20,01 ± 1,88 vs. post = 19,00 ± 2,02, p < 0,001) y el GIO (IMC; pre = 24,12 ± 2,66 vs. post = 23,23 ± 3,23, p < 0,001) disminuyeron su IMC. De igual forma, en el GIS (GC; pre = 21,84 ± 4,97 vs. post = 19,55±4,81%, p < 0,001) y en el GIO (GC; pre = 30,26 ± 11,49 vs. post =26,81 ± 6,80%, p < 0,001) la GC disminuyó. Ambos grupos intervenidos mejoraron su CRF (p < 0,001). Existió una disminución significativa de escolares con obesidad (pre = 66,4% vs. post = 49,6%) (p < 0,001). Conclusión: La intervención realizada en el contexto escolar mejora los parámetros antropométricos y cardiovasculares de los escolares, permitiendo además disminuir la proporción de escolares con obesidad

Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been widely used to fight cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and adults, but no data are available on its applicability in children. Objectives: To assess the effects of HIIT on different anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters of overweight and obese children aged 7-9 years. Material and methods: Four groups were formed: 1) an overweight control group (OWCG, n = 30, BMI = 21.60 ± 3.72 kg/m2); 2) an obesity control group (OCG, n = 34, BMI = 23.92 ± 3.11 kg/m2); 3) an overweight intervention group (OWIG, n = 69, BMI = 20.01 ± 1.88 kg/m2), and 4) an obesity intervention group (OIG, n = 141, BMI = 24.12 ± 2.66 kg/m2). BMI, body fat (BF), waist circumference, height-waist ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed before and after intervention. Results: There were significant differences in BMI (P < .001), BF (P < .001), and CRF (P < .001) between the groups (control vs. intervention) before and after intervention (OWCG vs. OWIG and OCG vs. OIG). BMI decreased in the OWIG (BMI, 20.01 ± 1.88 at baseline vs. 19.00 ± 2.02 after HIIT, P < .001) and OIG (BMI, 24.12 ± 2.66 at baseline vs. 23.23 ± 3.23 after HIIT, P < .001) groups. Similarly, BF decreased in the OWIG (BF, 21.84 ± 4.97 at baseline vs. 19.55 ± 4.81% after HIIT, P < .001) and OIG (BF, 30.26 ± 11.49 at baseline vs. 26.81 ± 6.80% after HIIT, P < .001) groups. CRF improved in both intervention groups (P < .001). There was a significant decrease in the prevalence rate of schoolchildren with obesity (from 66.4% to 49.6%) (P < .001). Conclusion: The intervention conducted in the school setting improved the anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters of schoolchildren, and also allowed for reducing the proportion of schoolchildren with obesity

Psychological well-being related to screen time, physical activity after school, and weight status in Chilean schoolchildren / Bienestar psicológico relacionado con el tiempo de pantalla, la actividad física después de la escuela y el peso corporal en escolares chilenos

Background: the relationship between physical activity (PA) patterns and mental health in children is receiving considerable attention. Aims: the aim of this study was to compare psychological well-being in groups of schoolchildren according to PA patterns and weight status, and to determinate the association between psychological well-being and both screen time and PA after school. Material and methods: in a cross-sectional sample of girls (n = 272, aged 11.93 ± 0.94 years) and boys (n = 333, aged 12.09 ± 1.00 years), we assessed body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and body fat. Self-esteem, body image dissatisfaction, depression, screen time, and after-school PA were also included. Results: according to PA patterns, there were significant differences between good PA and bad PA groups in self-esteem (p = 0.013) and depression (p = 0.035). BMI was associated with depression (ß: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.53; p < 0.001). Screen time was positively associated with depression (ß: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.32, 1.44; p = 0.002) and inversely associated with self-esteem (ß: -1.12; 95% CI: -1.79, -0.45; p < 0.001). Finally, after-school PA had an inverse association with depression levels (ß: -0.55; 95% CI: 0.10, 1.00; p = 0.016). Conclusion: psychological well-being was associated with screen time, after-school PA and weight status in schoolchildren

Antecedentes: la relación entre los patrones de actividad física (AF) y la salud mental en los niños está recibiendo una atención considerable. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el bienestar psicológico en grupos de escolares de acuerdo con los patrones de AF y el estado de peso, y determinar la asociación entre el bienestar psicológico con el tiempo frente a pantalla y la AF después de la escuela. Material y métodos: en una muestra transversal de niñas (n = 272, de 11,93 ± 0,94 años) y niños (n = 333, de 12,09 ± 1,00 años), evaluamos el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de la cintura y la grasa corporal. También se incluyeron la autoestima, la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, la depresión, el tiempo frente a la pantalla y la AF después de la escuela. Resultados: de acuerdo con los patrones de AF, hubo diferencias significativas entre los buenos niveles de AF y la malos niveles de AF en la autoestima (p = 0,013) y la depresión (p = 0,035). El IMC de los participantes se asoció con depresión (ß: 0,36; IC 95%: 0,19 a 0,53; p < 0,001). El tiempo de pantalla se asoció positivamente con la depresión (ß: 0,88; IC 95%: 0,32 a 1,44; p = 0,002) e inversamente con la autoestima (ß: -1,12; IC 95%: -1,79 a -0,45; p < 0,001). Finalmente, la AF después de la escuela tuvo una asociación inversa con los niveles de depresión (ß: -0,55; IC 95%: 0,10 a 1,00; p = 0.016). Conclusión: el bienestar psicológico se asoció con el tiempo frente a la pantalla, la AF después de la escuela y el estado de peso de los escolares

The association between children's food habits, anthropometric parameters and health-related quality of life in Chilean school-age children / Asociación entre los hábitos alimentarios de los niños, los parámetros antropométricos y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en escolares chilenos

Introduction: children's food habits have an influence on physical and mental health and should be monitored. Objective: the purpose of this study was to determinate the association between children's food habits (i.e., Mediterranean diet adherence), anthropometric parameters and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chilean schoolchildren. Material and methods: girls (n = 282, 11.86 ± 0.82 years) and boys (n = 352, 12.02 ± 0.87 years) enrolled in public schools were included in this study (n = 634). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), body fat (BF), nutritional level and HRQoL were evaluated. Results: the schoolchildren with high nutritional levels reported higher HRQoL (p = 0.018) and presented lower BMI, WC and WtHR (p < 0.001). Likewise, according to the following questions: Have your parent(s) treated you fairly? and Have you felt full of energy? The schoolchildren with high nutritional levels reported the major proportion in very and extremely answers (p < 0.001). The BMI was negatively correlated with HRQoL (r = -0.33, p < 0.05). Beside, children's food habits had significant correlation with HRQoL (r = 0.48, p = 0.002). The BMI (B = -0.41, 95% CI = -0.55, 0.93, p = 0.001) and children's food habits (B = -0.78, 95% CI = -0.09, -0.02, p = 0.002) reported associations with HRQoL. Conclusion: in conclusion, the nutritional level (i.e., Mediterranean diet adherence) and BMI presented associations with HRQoL in Chilean schoolchildren; therefore, it is important to consider these results and develop different strategies in schoolchildren to improve their nutritional levels, as HRQoL represents a measure of happiness or satisfaction with life

Introducción: los hábitos alimentarios de los niños influyen en su salud física y mental, por lo tanto, deben controlarse. Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre los hábitos alimentarios de los niños (adherencia a la dieta mediterránea), los parámetros antropométricos y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en escolares chilenos. Material y métodos: se incluyeron en este estudio (n = 634) niñas (n = 282, 11,86 ± 0,82 años) y niños (n = 352, 12,02 ± 0,87 años) inscritos en escuelas públicas. Se evaluaron el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de la cintura (CC), la relación cintura-altura (RCE), la grasa corporal (GC), el nivel nutricional y la CVRS. Resultados: los escolares con niveles nutricionales altos tuvieron una CVRS más alta (p = 0,018) y presentaron un IMC, CC y RCE más bajos (p < 0,001). Del mismo modo, de acuerdo a las preguntas "¿te han tratado tus padres de manera justa?" y "¿te has sentido lleno de energía?", los escolares con altos niveles nutricionales obtuvieron la mayor proporción en respuestas muy y muy altas (p < 0,001). El IMC se correlacionó negativamente con la CVRS (r = -0,33, p < 0,05). Además, los hábitos alimenticios de los niños tuvieron una correlación significativa con la CVRS (r = 0,48, p = 0,002). El IMC (B = -0,41; IC 95% = -0,55, 0,93, p = 0,001) y los hábitos alimentarios de los niños (B = -0.78, IC 95% = -0.09, -0.02, p = 0,002) reportaron asociaciones con la CVRS. Conclusión: en conclusión, el nivel nutricional (es decir, la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea) y el IMC presentaron asociaciones con la CVRS en escolares chilenos; por lo tanto, es importante tener en cuenta estos resultados y desarrollar diferentes estrategias en los escolares para mejorar sus niveles nutricionales, ya que la CVRS representa una medida de felicidad o satisfacción con la vida

Calidad de vida, autoestima, condición física y estado nutricional en adolescentes y su relación con el rendimiento académico / Quality of life, physical fitness and self-esteem and nutritional status in adolescents and their relationship with academic performance

El rendimiento académico (RA) es condicionado por diversos factores, destacándose la autoestima y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) como factores influyentes. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la asociación entre el estado nutricional, la condición física, la autoestima y la CVRS con el RA en adolescentes. En este estudio de corte transversal participaron hombres (n= 219, 15,82±1,37años) y mujeres (n=200, ± 15,23±0,85 años) de entre 14 y 17 años de edad. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) la circunferencia de cintura (CC), la razón cintura estatura (RCE), la condición física, la autoestima, CVRS y el RA fueron evaluados. En la comparación de los niveles de autoestima, CVRS y RA acorde al estado nutricional, los escolares con obesidad tienen menor puntaje CVRS (P=0,001), del mismo modo la autoestima fue menor en los escolares con sobrepeso y obesos en comparación con sus pares normopeso (P=0,013). En relación al RA no existieron diferencias según estado nutricional (P>0,05). El RA presentó relación positiva con la condición física, la autoestima y la CVRS (P<0,05). Los adolescentes con obesidad presentaron menor CVRS que sus pares con sobrepeso y normopeso, además el RA se ve relacionada con la condición física, la autoestima y la CVRS, por tal motivo es importante incorporar estrategias en los establecimientos educacionales que mejoren esta condición y aporten al desarrollo integral de los escolares(AU)

Academic performance (AP) is conditioned by several factors and the self-esteem and health related to quality of life (HRQoL) are influential factors. The objective of the research was to determine the association between the nutritional levels, physical fitness, self-esteem and HRQoL with AP in adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, men (n = 219, 15.82 ± 1.37 years) and women (n = 200, ± 15.23 ± 0.85 years) between 14 and 17 years of age participated. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), height waist ratio (WtHR), physical fitness, self-esteem, HRQoL and AP were evaluated. In the comparison of the levels of self-esteem, HRQoL and AP according to the nutritional status, the schoolchildren with obesity have a lower HRQoL (P = 0.001), in the same way the self-esteem was lower in the overweight and obese schoolchildren in comparison with their normal weight peers (P = 0.013). In relation to AP, there were no differences according to nutritional status (P> 0.05). The AP presented a positive relationship with physical condition, self-esteem and HRQoL (P <0.05). The adolescents with obesity had lower HRQoL than their overweight and normal weight peers, in addition AP is related to physical condition, self-esteem and HRQoL, for this reason it is important to incorporate strategies in educational establishments that improve this condition and contribute to the integral development of school children(AU)

Variables psicosociales, físicas y antropométrica en escolares chilenos. Un estudio comparativo según niveles de actividad física / Psychosocial, physical and anthropometric variables in Chilean schoolchildren. A comparative study according Physical Activity levels

Introducción: La actividad física (AF) tiene múltiples beneficios para la salud física y mental en distintos tipos de poblaciones, sin embargo, no existen evaluaciones integrales en población escolar. Por otra parte los niveles de inactividad física han generado un incremento de la obesidad infantil en todo el mundo y de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, afectando el desarrollo integral de los niños y su calidad de vida, además de un gran número de componentes psicosociales. El propósito de la investigación fue comparar según niveles de AF, variables psicosociales, antropométricas y físicas en escolares chilenos. Método: Participaron 605 escolares (272 mujeres y 333 hombres) de entre 11 y 14 años de edad, se evaluó la autoestima, imagen corporal, capacidad cardiorespiratoria, presión arterial y parámetros antropométricos. Resultados: Las niñas presentaron mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC) y porcentaje de grasa corporal (GC), además presentaron mayor puntaje de riesgo de insatisfacción con la imagen corporal (p = 0,03), en la autoestima no existieron diferencias (p > 0,05). La AF fue superior en los niños (p < 0,001), al igual que los valores en la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) (P < 0,05). Los niños presentaron mayor proporción de escolares categorizados con AF alta (p < 0,001). Los escolares con menores niveles de AF presentan parámetros antropométricos más elevados (p < 0,001), así como también, presentan mayor riesgo de insatisfacción corporal (p = 0,009), menor autoestima (p < 0,001) y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Los escolares con menores niveles de AF presentan resultados negativos en variables psicosociales como la imagen corporal y autoestima, además de una menor capacidad cardiorrespiratoria y parámetros antropométricos elevados

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) has multiple benefits for physical and mental health in different types of populations; however, there are no comprehensive evaluations in school population. On the other hand, levels of physical inactivity have generated an increase in childhood obesity worldwide and cardiovascular risk factors, affecting the overall development of children and their quality of life, in addition to a large number of psychosocial components. The purpose of the research was to compare according to levels of PA, psychosocial, anthropometric and physical variables in Chilean schoolchildren. Method: 605 schoolchildren (272 women and 333 men) between 11 and 14 years of age participated. Self-esteem, body image, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were evaluated. Results: The girls presented higher body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (BF), in addition they presented higher risk score of dissatisfaction with the corporal image (p = 0.03), in the self-esteem there were no differences (p> 0.05). PA was higher in children (p < 0.001), as were values in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < 0.05). Children had a higher proportion of school children categorized with high PA (p <0.001). School children with lower levels of PA have higher anthropometric parameters (p <0.001), as well as a higher risk of body dissatisfaction (p = 0.009) and lower self-esteem (p < 0.001) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p <0.001). Conclusion: Schoolchildren with lower PA levels presented negative results in psychosocial variables such as body image and self-esteem, as well as a lower cardiorespiratory fitness and high anthropometric parameters

Relationship in obese Chilean schoolchildren between physical fi tness, physical activity levels and cardiovascular risk factors / Relación en escolares chilenos obesos de la condición física con los niveles de actividad física y factores de riesgo cardiovascular

Background: obesity and lower physical fi tness levels in children are related to the development of cardiometabolic risk factors. Objective: to determine the relationship between health-related physical fi tness and physical activity levels, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters for different weight statuses of Chilean schoolchildren. Material and methods: the participants were 272 girls and 333 boys having a mean age of 12.00 ± 1.23 years. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), standing long jump test (SLJ), handgrip strength, physical activity (PA) levels, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat (BF) were measured. To establish the relationship between the variables, partial correlations adjusted by sex were carried out and the Chi-square test was applied to compare the proportions between groups. Results: VO2max (p < 0.001) was higher in schoolchildren of normal weight. SBP and DBP were higher in obese schoolchildren (p < 0.001). Physical fi tness was inversely related to SBP: VO2max (r = -0.26, p < 0.001), SLJ (r = -0.11, p = 0.007) and handgrip strength (r = -0.10, p = 0.021), and had a positive relationship with PA: VO2max (r = 0.31, p < 0.001), SLJ (r = 0.18, p < 0.001), and handgrip strength (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). Moreover, VO2max and SLJ were inversely related to BMI and WC (p < 0.05). The group of obese schoolchildren contained the highest percentage of individuals with hypertension (p < 0.001). Conclusion: the results obtained in this study show that physical fi tness has an inverse relationship with SBP and a positive relationship with PA levels. Besides, cardiorespiratory fi tness (CRF) and SLJ are inversely associated with the predictors of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Finally, obese children presented lower physical fi tness and included a higher proportion of individuals with hypertension

Antecedentes: la obesidad y bajos niveles de condición física en niños están relacionados con el desarrollo de factores de riesgo cardiometabólico. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la condición física relacionada con la salud y los niveles de actividad física, la presión arterial y los parámetros antropométricos, comparando según el estatus corporal en escolares chilenos. Material y métodos: los participantes fueron 272 niñas y 333 niños con una edad promedio de 12,00 ± 1,23 años. El consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max), la prueba de salto de longitud (SLJ), la fuerza de la empuñadura, los niveles de actividad física (AF), la presión arterial sistólica (PAS), la presión arterial diastólica (PAD), el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la circunferencia de la cintura (WC) y la grasa corporal (BF) fueron evaluados. Para establecer la relación entre las variables, se llevaron a cabo correlaciones parciales ajustadas por sexo y se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comparar las proporciones entre los grupos. Resultados: el VO2max (p < 0,001) fue más alto en escolares de peso normal. El PAS y el PAD fueron más altos en escolares obesos (p < 0,001). La aptitud física estaba inversamente relacionada con la PAS: VO2max (r = -0,26, p < 0,001), SLJ (r = -0,11, p = 0,007) y la fuerza de la empuñadura (r = -0,10, p = 0,021) y la relación positiva con PA: VO2max (r = 0,31, p < 0,001), SLJ (r = 0,18, p < 0,001), fuerza de la empuñadura (r = 0,26, p < 0,001). Además, VO2max y SLJ estaban inversamente relacionados con el IMC y el CC (p < 0,05). En los escolares obesos se presentó el mayor porcentaje de individuos con hipertensión (p < 0,001). Conclusión: en conclusión, los resultados obtenidos en este estudio informan de que la condición física presenta una relación inversa con la PAS y relación positiva con los niveles de AF. Además, CRF y SLJ se asociaron inversamente con predictores de factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares. Finalmente, los niños obesos presentaron una menor condición física y una mayor proporción de individuos con hipertensión