Genetic Influence on Capsaicin Tolerance: Precision Nutrition Implications for Obesity Handling.

INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that capsaicin (CAP), a major pungent component in chili peppers, can be used as an anti-obesity ingredient due to effects on energy metabolism, but evidence is not consistent. Genetics may account for differences in CAP tolerance and its impact on adiposity status. The aim of this study was to systematically review current evidence concerning the role of genetic polymorphisms influencing CAP tolerance. METHODS: The present systematic review analyzed and synthesized available evidence concerning associations between genetic polymorphisms and CAP tolerance following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, Google Scholar, SciELO, and LILACS were screened. Out of 228 publications identified, only 6 meet inclusion criteria and were finally included in the final report. RESULTS: Overall, a total of 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with several CAP tolerance traits including sensitivity to burning/stinging, heat pain, and cough reactions, and detection of bitter taste thresholds. These genetic variants were located within 6 genes involved in key physiological processes such synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin and nitric oxide production (GCH1), CAP uptake and transduction of thermal stimuli (TRPV1), and bitter taste perception (TAS2R38, TAS2R3, TAS2R4, and TAS2R5). CONCLUSION: There is evidence about the influence of genetic polymorphisms on CAP tolerance by affecting nociceptive signaling, CAP binding, and bitter tasting. This knowledge may facilitate the design and implementation of innovative CAP-based nutrigenetic strategies for a more precise clinical management of obesity.

Using historical habitat loss to predict contemporary mammal extirpations in Neotropical forests.

Understanding which species will be extirpated in the aftermath of large-scale human disturbance is critical to mitigating biodiversity loss, particularly in hyperdiverse tropical biomes. Deforestation is the strongest driver of contemporary local extinctions in tropical forests but may occur at different tempos. The 2 most extensive tropical forest biomes in South America-the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon-have experienced historically divergent pathways of habitat loss and biodiversity decay, providing a unique case study to investigate rates of local species persistence on a single continent. We quantified medium- to large-bodied mammal species persistence across these biomes to elucidate how landscape configuration affects their persistence and associated ecological functions. We collected occurrence data for 617 assemblages of medium- to large-bodied mammal species (>1 kg) in the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon. Analyzing natural habitat cover based on satellite data (1985-2022), we employed descriptive statistics and generalized linear models (GLMs) to investigate ecospecies occurrence patterns in relation to habitat cover across the landscapes. The subregional erosion of Amazonian mammal assemblage diversity since the 1970s mirrors that observed since the colonial conquest of the Atlantic Forest, given that 52.8% of all Amazonian mammals are now on a similar trajectory. Four out of 5 large mammals in the Atlantic Forest were prone to extirpation, whereas 53% of Amazonian mammals were vulnerable to extirpation. Greater natural habitat cover increased the persistence likelihood of ecospecies in both biomes. These trends reflected a median local species loss 63.9% higher in the Atlantic Forest than in the Amazon, which appears to be moving toward a turning point of forest habitat loss and degradation. The contrasting trajectories of species persistence in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest domains underscore the importance of considering historical habitat loss pathways and regional biodiversity erosion in conservation strategies. By focusing on landscape configuration and identifying essential ecological functions associated with large vertebrate species, conservation planning and management practices can be better informed.

Uso de la pérdida histórica de hábitat para predecir la desaparición de mamíferos contemporáneos en los bosques neotropicales Resumen Tener conocimiento de cuáles especies desaparecerán después de una perturbación humana es de suma importancia para mitigar la pérdida de la biodiversidad, particularmente en los biomas híper diversos. La deforestación es la principal causante de las extinciones locales contemporáneas en los bosques tropicales, aunque puede ocurrir en diferentes tiempos. Los dos bosques tropicales más extensos de América del Sur ­ el Bosque Atlántico y la Amazonia ­ han experimentado formas históricamente divergentes de pérdida de hábitat y decadencia de biodiversidad, lo que proporciona un caso único de estudio para investigar las tasas de persistencia de las especies locales en un solo continente. Cuantificamos la persistencia de las especies de mamíferos de talla mediana a grande en estos dos bosques para aclarar cómo la configuración del paisaje afecta su persistencia y las funciones ecológicas asociadas. Recolectamos datos de presencia de 617 ensambles de especies de mamíferos de talla mediana a grande (>1 kg) en el Bosque Atlántico y en la Amazonia. Analizamos la cobertura natural del hábitat con base en datos satelitales (1985­2022) y empleamos estadística descriptiva y modelos lineales generalizados (MLG) para investigar los patrones de presencia de las eco especies en relación con la cobertura del hábitat en los distintos paisajes. La erosión subregional de la diversidad de ensambles de mamíferos en la Amazonia desde los 70s es igual a la observada en el Bosque Atlántico desde la conquista colonial, dado que 52.8% de todos los mamíferos amazónicos se encuentran en una trayectoria similar. Cuatro de los cinco grandes mamíferos en el Bosque Atlántico estaban propensos a desaparecer, mientras que el 53% de los mamíferos amazónicos estaban vulnerables a desaparecer. Una mayor cobertura natural del hábitat incrementó la probabilidad de persistencia de las eco especies en ambos bosques. Estas tendencias reflejaron una pérdida mediana de especies locales 63.9% mayor en el Bosque Atlántico que en la Amazonia, lo cual parece dirigirse hacia un momento decisivo para la degradación y pérdida del hábitat del bosque. Las trayectorias contrastantes de la persistencia de especies en el Bosque Atlántico y la Amazonia destacan la importancia de considerar dentro de las estrategias de conservación las maneras en las que se ha perdido históricamente el hábitat y la erosión de la biodiversidad regional. Si nos enfocamos en la configuración del paisaje y en la identificación de las funciones ecológicas esenciales asociadas con las especies grandes de vertebrados, podemos informar de mejor manera a la planeación de la conservación y las prácticas de manejo.

Ethnically distinct populations and coping with violence against children in the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To identify policies and programs adopted by a Brazilian municipality to address violence against children during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: A qualitative documentary study. The study setting was the municipality of Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. Data was collected from official websites between November 2021 and February 2022. Thematic content analysis was used with the support of webQDA software. RESULTS: Three empirical categories emerged: a) Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence against children; b) Action strategies for tackling violence against children in the COVID-19 pandemic; c) Evaluation indicators and targets for action strategies for tackling violence against children. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The documents revealed few direct mentions of children, especially traditional populations; they presented superficial and ineffective evaluations of the policies and programs adopted, using exclusively quantitative indicators.

Regional assessment of the historical trends of mercury in sediment cores from Wider Caribbean coastal environments.

Spatial and temporal variations of mercury (Hg) concentrations, enrichment, and potential ecological risks were studied in a suite of lead-210 (210Pb) dated sediment cores from 13 Wider Caribbean Region coastal environments. Broad variability of Hg concentrations (19-18761 ng g-1) was observed, encompassing even background levels (38-100 ng g-1). Most Hg concentration profiles exhibited a characteristic upward trend, reaching their peak values in the past two decades. Most of the sediment sections, showing from moderately to very severe Hg enrichment, were found in cores from Havana Bay and Sagua River Estuary (Cuba), Port-au-Prince Bay (Haiti), and Cartagena Bay (Colombia). These were also the most seriously contaminated sites, which can be considered regional Hg 'hotspots'. Both Havana Bay and Port-au-Prince Bay reportedly receive waste from large cities with populations exceeding 2 million inhabitants, and watersheds affected by high erosion rates. The records from the Sagua River Estuary and Cartagena Bay reflected historical Hg contamination associated with chloralkali plants, and these sites are of very high ecological risk. These results constitute a major contribution to the scarce regional data on contaminants in the Wider Caribbean Region and provide reference information to support the evaluation of the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention.

Cytogenotoxicity effects in addicts with multidrug consumption.

Drug abuse is considered a global health problem with serious social impact. In recent decades, changes in drug consumption patterns have shown a clear rising trend in the use of multiple drugs. Although the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay has evaluated cytotoxicity in drug abuse, there has not been an approach that takes into account this pattern of multiple drug use. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate for the first time the cytogenotoxic effects in multidrug users, and its correlation with the amount consumed and years of abuse. This study was conducted on 166 individuals by the BMCyt assay. A total of 83 individuals with a history of multiple licit (alcohol and tobacco) and at least one illicit drug abuse (marijuana, methamphetamines, cocaine, and/or inhalants), and 83 healthy individuals, non-drug abusers were analyzed. The results showed that drug abusers had higher frequencies of nuclear abnormalities nuclear buds, binucleated cells, pyknotic nuclei (PNs), karyorrhexis (KX), and abnormally condensed chromatin when compared with healthy controls. Moreover, results suggests that the use of licit and illicit drugs is related to cytogenotoxic damage, as was shown by an upward trend in the frequency of nuclear abnormalities identified in groups 1 (alcohol + tobacco + at least one illicit drug) and 2 (tobacco + at least one illicit drug). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found in the different groups, between the years and the amount of consumption of some drugs (alcohol, methamphetamine, and tobacco) with cytotoxicity markers such as KL, KX, and PNs.

Ethnically distinct populations and coping with violence against children in the COVID-19 pandemic / Poblaciones étnicamente diversas y la lucha contra la violencia infantil en la pandemia de COVID-19 / Populações etnicamente distintas e o enfrentamento da violência contra crianças na pandemia da COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify policies and programs adopted by a Brazilian municipality to address violence against children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A qualitative documentary study. The study setting was the municipality of Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. Data was collected from official websites between November 2021 and February 2022. Thematic content analysis was used with the support of webQDA software. Results: Three empirical categories emerged: a) Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence against children; b) Action strategies for tackling violence against children in the COVID-19 pandemic; c) Evaluation indicators and targets for action strategies for tackling violence against children. Final considerations: The documents revealed few direct mentions of children, especially traditional populations; they presented superficial and ineffective evaluations of the policies and programs adopted, using exclusively quantitative indicators.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar políticas y programas adoptados por un municipio brasileño para hacer frente a la violencia infantil durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo documental. El escenario fue el municipio de Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil. Los datos se recogieron de sitios de internet oficiales entre noviembre de 2021 y febrero de 2022. Se utilizó el análisis temático de contenido con el apoyo del software webQDA. Resultados: Surgieron tres categorías empíricas: a) Impactos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la violencia contra los niños; b) Estrategias de acción para abordar esta violencia; c) Indicadores de evaluación y metas de las estrategias de acción para este afrontamiento. Consideraciones finales: Los documentos revelaron pocas menciones sobre los niños de las poblaciones tradicionales en especial y presentaron evaluaciones superficiales de las políticas y programas adoptados, utilizando exclusivamente indicadores cuantitativos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar políticas e programas adotados por um município brasileiro para o enfrentamento da violência contra crianças durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudo qualitativo do tipo documental. O cenário de estudo foi Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada em sites oficiais, de novembro de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática apoiada pelo software webQDA. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias empíricas: a) Impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na violência contra crianças; b) Estratégias de enfrentamento desta violência; c) Indicadores de avaliação e metas das estratégias para este enfrentamento Considerações finais: Há poucas menções diretas às crianças, especialmente às de populações tradicionais; apresentaram avaliações ineficazes das políticas, apenas qualitativamente.

Dietary Intake of Capsaicin and Its Association with Markers of Body Adiposity and Fatty Liver in a Mexican Adult Population of Tijuana.

Background: Capsaicin (CAP) is the main chemical component responsible for the pungency (burning pain) of the chili plant (capsicum spp.), whose metabolic functions include energy balance and fatty acid oxidation. The aim of this study is to analyze the association of dietary capsaicin consumption with markers of adiposity and fatty liver in a Mexican adult population. Methods: This cross-sectional/analytical study recruited 221 subjects aged 18 to 65 years who were resident in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. The daily CAP intake was analyzed through a validated chili/CAP consumption questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed following standardized protocols. Adjusted Pearson's correlations were applied to analyze the association of CAP with adiposity and fatty liver markers. Results: In this study, the daily average consumption of CAP was 152.44 mg. The dietary CAP consumption positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.179, p = 0.003), hip circumference (r = 0.176, p = 0.004) and body adiposity index (r = 0.181, p = 0.001. Likewise, the daily CAP intake positively correlated with hepatic steatosis index (r = 0.158, p = 0.004), fatty liver index (r = 0.141, p = 0.003) and lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.194, p = 0.016) after statistical settings. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest positive associations between dietary CAP consumption and the markers of body adiposity and fatty liver in a Mexican adult population.

A Deep Learning Approach for Predicting Multiple Sclerosis.

This paper proposes a deep learning model based on an artificial neural network with a single hidden layer for predicting the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The hidden layer includes a regularization term that prevents overfitting and reduces the model complexity. The purposed learning model achieved higher prediction accuracy and lower loss than four conventional machine learning techniques. A dimensionality reduction method was used to select the most relevant features from 74 gene expression profiles for training the learning models. The analysis of variance test was performed to identify the statistical difference between the mean of the proposed model and the compared classifiers. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed artificial neural network.

Comorbilidades de la EPOC y su impacto en la morbimortalidad en 5 años de seguimiento / Comorbidities in copd and their impact on morbidity and mortality after a 5-year follow-up

Objetivos: Evaluar la evolución de las comorbilidades en una cohorte de pacientes EPOC durante 5 años de seguimiento. Evaluar la mortalidad. Valorar y correlacionar la gravedad de la EPOC, el índice de COTE y la mortalidad. Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional en una cohorte de pacientes EPOC durante 2015-2020, en el Servicio de Neumonología Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba. Información de Historias Clínicas electrónicas. Para predecir riesgo de mortalidad se utilizó el índice de COTE. Análisis estadístico: prueba exacta de Fisher, Prueba t de Student e InfoStat. Resultados: Sesenta y ocho pacientes, masculinos 37 (54,41%), edad 75 ± 6,69. Sin seguimiento: 2 pacientes. En el momento del ingreso, el tiempo del diagnóstico de EPOC fue de 13,23 ± 5,88 años. Más del 50% tenían EPOC moderado. Sin diferencias en VEF1/post-BD (0,57 en 2015 vs. 0,58 en 2020), ni en frecuencia de exacerbaciones en último año (1,06 ± 1,26 vs. 0,85 ± 1,44). En 2015, el 29,41% (n 20) eran TBQ activos y se redujo al 18,18% (n 12). En 2015, recibían CI el 73,53% (n 50) y en 2020 el 56,92% (n 37) (p 0,047). En 2015, un 4,41% (n 3) recibían esteroides sistémicos y se incrementó al 20% (n 13) en 2020 (p 0,007). Sin diferencias significativas en frecuencia de internaciones (0,13 ± 0,38 vs. 0,97 ± 2,34). índice de COTE ≥ 4, no se modificó significativamente a los 5 años: el 23,53% (n 16) vs. el 29,41% (n 20). Se detectó en 2020, un incremento de HTA (el 66%, n 45 vs. el 77%, p 0,181), depresión (el 19,12%, n 13 vs. el 30,30%, n 20, p 0,161) y ansiedad (el 22,06%, n 15 vs. el 32%, n 21, p 0,243). En 2020, diagnóstico de aneurisma de aorta abdominal en el 3,03% (n 2). Reducción de obesidad en el 25% (n 17) al 19,70% (n 13). En el seguimiento, fallecieron 9 pacientes (13,24%) y tenían menos comorbilidades (p < 0,009). Mayor mortalidad en pacientes con índice de COTE ≥ 4 (p 0,429). Los fallecidos tenían mayor gravedad de la EPOC, con menor VEF1/post-BD a 5 años (p 0,102). Aquellos con enfermedad cardiovascular o metabólica, a los 5 años, tenían menor proporción de fallecimiento (p < 0,05). Si bien los pacientes con índice de COTE en 2015 ≥ 4 presentaban menor promedio de VEF1/ post-BD al comienzo y en seguimiento a 5 años, la diferencia no fue significativa. Se observó que el índice de COTE aumentaba en pacientes EPOC con VEF1/post-BD de grado moderado y grave (p < 0,05). Discusión: Las comorbilidades de la EPOC constituyen un factor pronóstico con efecto acumulativo en morbimortalidad; por ello, la importancia de este estudio. Una limitación es la reducida población, que podría explicar que no se observó correlación entre mortalidad y aumento de comorbilidades. Destacamos el sobreuso de CI y esteroides sistémicos en esta población, a pesar de no tener incremento de exacerbaciones ni internaciones. Conclusiones: En 5 años de seguimiento de esta población EPOC con comorbilidades, se detectó un incremento de la HTA, depresión y ansiedad estadísticamente significativos. En un 3,03%, se diagnosticó aneurisma de aorta abdominal. La mortalidad a los 5 años fue del 13,24%. Hubo una correlación significativa entre la gravedad de la EPOC y el índice de COTE ≥ 4, pero ninguna de estas variables se correlacionó con la mortalidad. Nuestra principal limitación fue la reducida cohorte incluida(AU)

Objectives: To evaluate the evolution of comorbidities in a cohort of patients with COPD after 5 years of follow-up. To evaluate mortality. To assess and correlate COPD severity, COPD-specific comorbidity test (COTE) Index, and mortality. Materials and Methods: Prospective observational study in a cohort of patients with COPD during 2015-2020 at the Pulmonology Service of the Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba. Information of electronic medical records. In order to predict the mortality risks, we used the COTE Index. Statistical analysis: Fisher's exact test, Student's t test and InfoStat. Results: 68 patients, 37 male (54.41%), age 75 ± 6.69. 2 patients lost to follow-up. The time since COPD diagnosis was 13.23 ± 5.88 years at the study entry. More than 50% of patients had moderate COPD. There were no differences in post-bronchodilator FEV1(forced expiratory volume in one second) (0.57 in 2015 vs. 0.58 in 2020), nor in the frequency of exacerbations in the last year (1.06 ± 1.26 vs. 0.85 ± 1.44). In 2015, 29.41% of patients (n20) were active smokers, and the number was reduced to 18.18% (n12). In 2015, 73.53% of patients (n50) were receiving ICS (inhaled corticosteroids), and in 2020 the number decreased to 56.92% (n37) (p0.047). In 2015, 4.41% of patients (n3) were receiving systemic steroids, and the number increased to 20% (n13) in 2020 (p 0.007). There weren't any significant differences in the frequency of hospitalizations (0.13 ± 0.38 vs. 0.97 ± 2.34). COTE Index ≥ 4; no significant changes after 5 years: 23.53% (n16) vs. 29.41% (n20). In 2020, an increase in arterial hypertension (AHT) (66% n45 vs. 77%, p0.181), depression (19.12% n13 vs. 30.30% n20, p0.161) and anxiety (22.06% n15 vs. 32% n21, p0.243) was detected. In 2020, 3.03% of patients (n2) were diagnosed with abdominal aortic aneurism. Decrease in obesity from 25% (n17) to 19.70% of patients (n13). During follow-up, 9 patients died (13.24%), and they had fewer comorbidities (p < 0.009). Higher mortality in patients with COTE Index ≥ 4 (p0.429). Deceased patients had more severe COPD, with lower post-BD FEV1 after 5 years (p0.102). Patients with cardiovascular or metabolic disease had a lower mortality rate at 5 years (p < 0.05). Although patients with a COTE Index ≥ 4 in 2015 had a lower mean post-BD FEV1 at baseline and after the 5-year follow-up, the difference wasn't significant. It was observed that the COTE Index increased in patients with COPD with post-BD FEV1 of moderate to severe degree (p < 0.05). Discussion: The comorbidities of COPD constitute a prognostic factor with a cumulative effect on morbidity and mortality. Hence, the importance of this study. One limitation is the small population size, which could explain the lack of correlation between mortality and increased comorbidities. We highlight the overuse of ICS and systemic steroids in this population, despite not experiencing increased exacerbations or hospitalizations. Conclusions: After a 5-year follow-up of this COPD population with comorbidities, a statistically significant increase in AHT, depression, and anxiety was detected. 3.03% of patients were diagnosed with abdominal aortic aneurism. There was 13.24% mortality after 5 years. There was a significant correlation between the severity of COPD and a COTE Index ≥ 4, but neither of these variables correlated with mortality. Our main limitation was the small cohort included in this study(AU)

Uso de Petiveria alliacea Linn como tratamiento paliativo del dolor pulpar

Introducción: Entre las plantas de la flora cubana con propiedades medicinales se encuentra la Petiveria alliacea Linn (anamú), planta natural de la América tropical que contiene numerosos principios activos y a la cual se le atribuyen múltiples propiedades. La gran mayoría de los reportes se refieren concretamente a su acción analgésica, proveniente de sus hojas y de sus raíces. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto terapéutico de la tintura de anamú al 20 % en la remisión del dolor pulpar en la pulpitis aguda serosa transitoria, durante el periodo de septiembre de 2020 a septiembre de 2021. Método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuasi-experimental en pacientes con dolor de la consulta de urgencia estomatológica del Policlínico Comunitario "Hermanos Martínez Tamayo". El universo estuvo constituido por todos los pacientes que acudieron a consulta por dolor (N꓿42) y le fue diagnosticado pulpitis aguda serosa transitoria. Los mismos fueron incluidos en el estudio mediante el método no probabilístico intencionado según el orden de recepción en la consulta estomatológica. Se trabajó con las variables: edad, tiempo de refracción del dolor y efecto terapéutico. El procesamiento estadístico de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y como medida de resumen se utilizó el porcentaje. Resultados: En el 64,3 % de los casos estudiados se pudo lograr la remisión del dolor en los primeros 5 minutos de aplicado el fitofármaco. Conclusiones: la tintura de la Petiveria alliacea Linn (anamú) al 20 % tiene un efecto favorable en la remisión del dolor provocado por la pulpitis aguda serosa transitoria.

Introduction: Among the Cuban flora plants with medicinal properties is Petiveria alliacea Linn (anamú), a natural plant from tropical Americas that contains numerous active ingredients and to which multiple properties are attributed. The vast majority of reports refer specifically to its analgesic action, coming from its leaves and roots. Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of 20% anamú tincture on the remission of pulpal pain in reversible serous acute pulpitis, during the period from September 2020 to September 2021. Method: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in patients with pain from the stomatological emergency room of the Policlínico Comunitario "Hermanos Martínez Tamayo". The population was made up of all the patients who attended the consultation for pain (No. 42) and were diagnosed with reversible serous acute pulpitis. They were included in the study using the intentional non-probabilistic method according to the order of reception in the dental office. The variables taken into account were: age, pain refraction time and therapeutic effect. The statistical processing of the data was carried out using descriptive statistics and the percentage was used as a summary measure. Results: In 64.3% of the cases studied, pain remission could be achieved in the first 5 minutes of applying the phytopharmaceutical. Conclusions: The tincture of Petiveria alliacea Linn (anamu) at 20% has a favorable effect on the remission of pain caused by reversible serous acute pulpitis.

Introdução: Entre as plantas da flora cubana com propriedades medicinais está a Petiveria alliacea Linn (anamú), uma planta natural da América tropical que contém numerosos princípios ativos e à qual são atribuídas múltiplas propriedades. A grande maioria dos relatos refere-se especificamente à sua ação analgésica, proveniente de suas folhas e raízes. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito terapêutico da tintura de anamú 20% na remissão da dor pulpar na pulpite serosa aguda transitória, durante o período de setembro de 2020 a setembro de 2021. Método: Foi realizado um estudo quase experimental em pacientes com dor de pronto-socorro estomatológico da Policlínico Comunitario "Hermanos Martínez Tamayo". O universo foi constituído por todos os doentes que compareceram à consulta de dor (N=42) e foram diagnosticados com pulpite serosa aguda transitória. Eles foram incluídos no estudo pelo método não probabilístico intencional de acordo com a ordem de recepção no consultório odontológico. Trabalhamos com as variáveis: idade, tempo de refração da dor e efeito terapêutico. O tratamento estatístico dos dados foi realizado por meio de estatística descritiva e o percentual foi utilizado como medida sumária. Resultados: Em 64,3% dos casos estudados, a remissão da dor foi alcançada nos primeiros 5 minutos de aplicação do fitofármaco. Conclusões: A tintura de Petiveria alliacea Linn (anamu) a 20% tem efeito favorável na remissão da dor causada pela pulpite serosa aguda transitória.

Perspectives and challenges on isotopic ecology of terrestrial birds in Brazil

Although stable isotopes have been increasingly used in ornithology since 1980 in many places, Brazil has been slow in adopting this methodology, especially when it comes to terrestrial birds. The most common elements in bird ecology studies are carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen stable isotopes, which provide information on diet, trophic interactions, habitat use, migration, geographic patterns, and physiology. It is important that Brazilian ornithologists become aware of the potential of stable isotope analysis in ecological studies, and the shortcomings of this tool. The use of stable isotopes to study bird ecology has great potential in Brazil, since many ecological questions about Neotropical birds can be addressed by it (e.g., resource and habitat use, migratory routes, isotopic niches, anthropogenic impacts, individual specialization). Brazilian museums and other Natural History collections can provide samples to study long-term temporal dynamics in bird ecology. Additionally, the integration of avian tissue sample information into a database may increase the collaboration among researchers and promote sample reuse in a variety of studies. All biomes in Brazil have been under pressure from anthropogenic impacts (e.g., land-use change, habitat loss, fragmentation, intensive agriculture), affecting several taxa, including terrestrial birds. Considering the negative effects of human expansion over natural areas and that stable isotopes provide useful ecological information, ornithologists in Brazil should increase their use of this tool in the future.(AU)

Impacto de la técnica anestésica en el dolor posoperatorio de cirugía reconstructiva mamaria / Impact of the anesthetic technique in postoperative pain in breast reconstructive surgery

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate acute postoperative pain in patients undergoing breast reconstructive surgery with Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Artery (DIEP) flap technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in patients undergoing DIEP-flap breast reconstruction between January 2014 and December 2019. The main goal was the evaluation of acute postoperative pain through visual analogic pain scale (VAS) at rest (VASr) and movement (VASm) in the immediate postoperative period in post-anesthesia care unit (0h), at 24 h and at 48 h post-intervention and intravenous (IV) morphine con- sumption, depending on whether General Anesthesia (GA group) or Combined Anesthesia (CA group) was performed. Secon- dary outcomes were chronic pain incidence, perioperative complications, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), reinterven- tion and readmission rate and lenght of hospital saty. RESULTS: Sixty seven patients were included, 24 in GA group and 43 in CA group. CA group showed better VASm values at 24 h postintervention (p = 0.01). Postoperative IV morphine continuous infusion was required for acute pain management in 10.4% of patients (25% in GA vs 2.3% in the CA group; p = 0.004). Chronic pain rate was 13.4% (25% in GA vs 7% in the CA group; p = 0.038). Patients with worse initial pain control (VASr > 3 at 0 h) showed a higher incidence of chronic pain (66.6% vs 9.6%; p = 0.008). GA group presented higher rate of postoperative complications (66.6% vs 34.9%; p = 0,012), as well reintervention rate (58.3% vs 30.2%; p = 0.025). A sub-analysis showed that of the 10 patients (5 in the AC and 5 in the AG group) who reported poor initial pain control (VASr > 3 at 0 h), those belonging to the AC group, the IV morphine requirements were lower at post-anesthesia care unit (2 (0-5) mg vs 16 (9.5-23) mg; p = 0.016) and throughout the hospitalization period (4 (0-6) vs 24 (17.5-49, 2); p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Locorregional techniques could offer a better control of postoperative acute pain and a lower incidence of chronic pain, without assuming implying a higher risk of complications related to them in patients undergoing breast reconstructive surgery by DIEP flap technique.

OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el dolor agudo posoperatorio en las pacientes sometidas a cirugía de reconstrucción mamaria mediante colgajo de la arteria perforante epigástrica inferior profunda (colgajo DIEP). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las pacientes intervenidas de reconstrucción mamaria con colgajo DIEP entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2019. El objetivo principal fue la valoración del dolor agudo posoperatorio mediante la escala visual analógica (EVA) en reposo (EVAr) y movimiento (EVAm) en el posoperatorio inmediato en la unidad de Reanimación (0 h), a las 24 h y a las 48 h post-intervención y el consumo de morfina endovenosa (ev), según si se realizó una Anestesia General (AG) o una Anestesia Combinada (AC). Los objetivos secundarios fueron: incidencia de dolor crónico posoperatorio, complicaciones peroperatorias, náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios (NVPO), tasa de reintervención y reingreso y estancia hospitalaria. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 67 pacientes, 24 en el grupo AG y 43 en el grupo AC. El grupo AC mostró un mejor control del dolor en movimiento a las 24 h (p = 0,01). Un 10,4% de las pacientes precisaron infusión de morfina endovenosa (ev) para control del dolor agudo posoperatorio en reposo (25% en el grupo AG vs 2,3% en el grupo AC; p = 0,004). La incidencia de dolor crónico fue del 13,4% (25% en el grupo AG vs 7% en el grupo AC; p = 0,038). Las pacientes con mal control inicial del dolor (EVAr > 3 a las 0 h) presentaron mayor incidencia de dolor crónico (66,6% vs 9,6%; p = 0,008). El grupo AG presentó mayor tasa de complicaciones posoperatorias (66,6% vs 34,9%; p = 0,012), así como tasa de reintervención (58,3% vs 30,2%; p = 0,025). Un subanálisis mostró que de las 10 pacientes (5 en el grupo AC y 5 en el grupo AG) que refirieron un mal control inicial del dolor (EVAr > 3 a las 0 h), las pertenecientes al grupo AC requirieron menos morfina ev en unidad de reanimación postanestésica (2 (0-5) mg vs 16 (9,5-23) mg; p = 0,016) y durante toda su hospitalización (4 (0-6) vs 24 (17,5-49,2); p = 0,008). CONCLUSIONES: Las técnicas locorregionales podrían ofrecer un mejor control del manejo del dolor agudo y una menor incidencia de dolor crónico, sin suponer un mayor riesgo de complicaciones relacionadas con ellos en pacientes sometidas a cirugía reconstructiva mamaria mediante técnica de colgajo DIEP.

Concordancia de la clasificación TI-RADS y el sistema Bethesda para detectar malignidad en pacientes con nódulo tiroideo / Concordance of the TI-RADS classification and the Bethesda System to detect malignancy in patients with thyroid nodule

Introducción: evaluar la concordancia de la clasificación TI-RADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) y el sistema Bethesda para detectar malignidad en pacientes con nódulo tiroideo. Material y métodos: mediante un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y transversal en 90 pacientes con diagnóstico de nódulo tiroideo a los que se les realizó un ultrasonido de cuello, un estudio histopatológico definitivo y se les aplicó las escalas TI-RADS y Bethesda durante su abordaje desde julio del 2018 hasta noviembre de 2020. Resultados: se encontró una predominancia del sexo femenino, una sensibilidad del 43,6 % y una especificidad del 94,2 % en la clasificación de TI-RADS. Respecto a la clasificación de Bethesda obtuvimos una sensibilidad del 94,5 % y una especificidad del 51,4 %. Como resultado, se obtuvo una concordancia baja entre las dos pruebas. Discusión: de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en nuestro estudio pudimos constatar que los pacientes con nódulo tiroideo se ven beneficiados al realizar un abordaje adecuado que incluya un ultrasonido (USG) Doppler de cuello realizado por un profesional con entrenamiento, además de la realización de una biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina (BAAF) en los casos en que estén bien indicados. La prueba de concordancia fue baja, por tanto, consideramos necesario el uso de ambas pruebas diagnósticas dentro de la práctica clínica. Conclusión: el correcto uso de la clasificación TI-RADS para identificar las características de un nódulo tiroideo permite diferenciar de forma confiable a los pacientes que ameritan someterse a una BAAF frente a los que no la requieren. El sistema Bethesda puede apoyar en la toma de decisiones o cambiar una conducta terapéutica, sobre todo en pacientes con alta sospecha de malignidad.

Introduction: Evaluate the concordance of the TI-RADS classification and the Bethesda system to detect malignancy in patients with a thyroid nodule. Material and Methods: Through an observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study in 90 patients with a diagnosis of thyroid nodule, to which neck ultrasound was performed, definitive histopathological study and the TI-RADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) and Bethesda scales were applied during their approach from July 2018 to November 2020. Results: obtaining as a result, a predominance of the female sex, a sensitivity of 43.6% and specificity of 94.2% in classification of TI-RADS. Regarding the Bethesda classification, we obtained a sensitivity of 94.5% and a specificity of 51.4%. With a low agreement as a result between the two tests. Discussion: according to the results obtained in our study, we could verify that patients with thyroid nodules benefit from an appropriate approach that includes a neck Doppler USG, performed by a trained professional, in addition to the realization of a Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNA) in the cases in which they are well indicated. The concordance test was low; therefore, we consider it necessary to use both diagnostic tests within clinical practice. Conclusion: the correct use of the TI-RADS classification to identify the characteristics of a thyroid nodule allows reliable differentiation to patients to undergo a FNA of those who do not require it. The Bethesda system can support decision making or change therapeutic behavior, especially in patients with high suspicion of malignancy.

Artificial Neural Networks in MPPT Algorithms for Optimization of Photovoltaic Power Systems: A Review.

The use of photovoltaic systems for clean electrical energy has increased. However, due to their low efficiency, researchers have looked for ways to increase their effectiveness and improve their efficiency. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) inverters allow us to maximize the extraction of as much energy as possible from PV panels, and they require algorithms to extract the Maximum Power Point (MPP). Several intelligent algorithms show acceptable performance; however, few consider using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). These have the advantage of giving a fast and accurate tracking of the MPP. The controller effectiveness depends on the algorithm used in the hidden layer and how well the neural network has been trained. Articles over the last six years were studied. A review of different papers, reports, and other documents using ANN for MPPT control is presented. The algorithms are based on ANN or in a hybrid combination with FL or a metaheuristic algorithm. ANN MPPT algorithms deliver an average performance of 98% in uniform conditions, exhibit a faster convergence speed, and have fewer oscillations around the MPP, according to this research.

Coriocarcinoma de placenta metastásico en embarazo de 34 semanas. Revisión y manejo.

El coriocarcinoma es un tumor de la placenta agresivo y poco frecuente que forma parte de las denominadas enfermedades trofoblásticas gestacionales. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 22 años nulípara que, en el transcurso del embarazo, en la semana 34, presenta metrorragia con hemoptisis de forma espontánea. Se realiza una tomografía computarizada en la que se aprecian nódulos compatibles con metástasis, catalogándose como posible coriocarcinoma metastásico. Se programa para cesárea preferente y se inicia tratamiento quimioterápico. Este tumor es muy sensible a la quimioterapia y presenta un alto índice de supervivencia, aunque en los casos metastásicos puede ser mortal.Choriocarcinoma is a rare, aggressive placental tumor that is part of so-called gestational trophoblastic diseases. We present the case of a 22-year-old nulliparous woman who spontaneously presents metrorrhagia with hemoptysis in the course of pregnancy at the 34th week. A tomography scan is performed to confirm nodules compatible with metastasis, cataloguing it as a possible metastatic choriocarcinoma. A cesarean section is preferably scheduled and treatment with chemotherapy is initiated. Choriocarcinoma is a tumor very sensitive to chemotherapy and has a high survival rate, although in metastatic cases the disease is usually fatal.

Human-modified landscapes narrow the isotopic niche of neotropical birds.

Deforestation and habitat loss resulting from land use changes are some of the utmost anthropogenic impacts that threaten tropical birds in human-modified landscapes (HMLs). The degree of these impacts on birds' diet, habitat use, and ecological niche can be measured by isotopic analysis. We investigated whether the isotopic niche width, food resources, and habitat use of bird trophic guilds differed between HMLs and natural landscapes (NLs) using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15N). We analyzed feathers of 851 bird individuals from 28 landscapes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We classified landscapes into two groups according to the percentage of forest cover (HMLs ≤ 30%; NLs ≥ 47%), and compared the isotopic niche width and mean values of δ13C and δ15N for each guild between landscape types. The niches of frugivores, insectivores, nectarivores, and omnivores were narrower in HMLs, whereas granivores showed the opposite pattern. In HMLs, nectarivores showed a reduction of 44% in niche width, while granivores presented an expansion of 26%. Individuals in HMLs consumed more resources from agricultural areas (C4 plants), but almost all guilds showed a preference for forest resources (C3 plants) in both landscape types, except granivores. Degraded and fragmented landscapes typically present a lower availability of habitat and food resources for many species, which was reflected by the reduction in niche width of birds in HMLs. Therefore, to protect the diversity of guilds in HMLs, landscape management strategies that offer birds more diverse habitats must be implemented in tropical regions.

Ultrasound characterization of the nail bed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the ultrasound findings of the nail plate and nail bed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its association with nail dystrophy. METHODS: Thirty-two SLE patients, 36 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 20 healthy individuals were studied. High-frequency linear ultrasound was performed in nails of the second to fifth fingers in all participants. Disease activity (SLEDAI-2K index), accrued organ damage (SLICC/ACR index), autoantibody profile, and Raynaud's phenomenon were also assessed in SLE patients. RESULTS: Nail bed thickness in SLE patients was higher than in healthy individuals (1.25 ± 0.31 mm vs 1.17 ± 0.29 mm; P = 0.01) but lower than in OA (1.39 ± 0.37 mm; P < 0.001), while nail plate thickness was similar among groups. Nail dystrophy was found more frequently in SLE and OA than in healthy individuals. SLE patients with nail dystrophy were older than their counterparts with no dystrophy (39.4 ± 10.4 years vs 27.8 ± 5.6 years; P = 0.004), although nail dystrophy showed no association with SLICC/ACR, SLEDAI-2K, nail bed vascularity, or autoantibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Nail bed in SLE patients is thicker than in healthy individuals but thinner than in OA patients. Nail dystrophy in SLE is associated with advanced age, but not with accrued organ damage, disease activity, Raynaud's phenomenon, or DIP synovitis assessed by ultrasound.

Per-operative fluid therapy, vasopressor and transfusion rate in DIEP-flap breast reconstruction. A series of cases / Fluidoterapia, uso de vasopresores y tasa transfusional peroperatoria en la reconstrucción mamaria con colgajo DIEP. Una serie de casos

OBJECTIVE: Anesthetic management in DIEP-flap breast reconstruction surgery may influence the appearance of postoperative complications. Fluid therapy, vasopressor use, and blood management are controversial. The aim was to audit hemodynamic management and to assess its impact on perioperative outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-seven cases of DIEP-flap breast reconstruction were reviewed. Data collected: anthropometric data; ASA score; comorbidities; timing of reconstruction (immediate/delayed), type of reconstruction (unilateral/bilateral); length of surgery; per-operative complications; per-operative fluid therapy, use of vasopressors, transfusion rate; re-intervention requirements; surgical success rate; hospital stay, and readmission rate. RESULTS: Median crystalloid infusion rate was 3.18 (2.63-3.76) ml/kg/h in the first 24 hours. Intraoperatively, colloids were administered in 35 (52%) patients at a median infusion rate of 1.40 (1.08-1.86) ml/Kg/h; 21 (60%) of them presented some postoperative complication. Hypotensive events were registered in 13 (19%) patients; 9 (69%) suffered some postoperative complication. The only vasopressor used was Ephedrine in 14 (21%) patients, at a median dose of 0 (0-6) mg. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion was required in 18 (27%) patients. All of the patients who were transfused, 11 (61%) presented some postoperative complication. Hospital stay was 7 (7-9) days. Surgery was successful in 46 (69%) patients and readmission was necessary in 11 (16%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Colloids administration, intraoperative hypotensive events, RBC transfusion, and delayed surgery are variables that could increase the risk of postoperative complications in our series.

OBJETIVO: El manejo anestésico en la cirugía de reconstrucción mamaria con colgajo DIEP podría influir en la aparición de complicaciones posoperatorias. La fluidoterapia, el uso de vasopresores y la tasa transfusional son motivo de controversia. Nuestro objetivo fue auditar el manejo hemodinámico y valorar su impacto en los resultados perioperatorios. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Analizamos 67 pacientes programadas para reconstrucción mamaria con colgajo DIEP. Datos registrados: antropométricos; ASA; comorbilidades; momento de la reconstrucción (inmediata/diferida); tipo de reconstrucción (unilateral/bilateral); duración quirúrgica; complicaciones perioperatorias; fluidoterapia, vasopresores y tasa transfusional peroperatorios; tasa de reintervención, reingresos y éxito de la cirugía; estancia hospitalaria. RESULTADOS: La velocidad promedio de infusión de cristaloides fue de 3,18 (2,63-3,76) ml/kg/h en las primeras 24 h. Intraoperatoriamente se administraron coloides en 35 (52%) pacientes a una velocidad promedio de infusión de 1,40 (1,08-1,86) ml/kg/h, presentando complicaciones posoperatorias en 21 (60%) casos. Trece (19%) pacientes presentaron eventos hipotensivos intraoperatorios, registrándose complicaciones en 9 (69%). El único vasopresor utilizado fue la efedrina en 14 (21%) pacientes, a una dosis mediana de 0 (0-6) mg. Requirieron transfusión sanguínea 18 (27%) pacientes. Del total de pacientes transfundidos, 11 (61%) habían presentado alguna complicación posoperatoria. La cirugía fue un éxito en 46 (69%) casos. La estancia hospitalaria fue de 7 (7-9) días y el reingreso fue necesario en 11 (16%) casos. CONCLUSIONES: La administración de coloides, los eventos hipotensivos intraoperatorios, la transfusión de hemoderivados y la cirugía con reconstrucción tardía son variables que podrían incrementar el riesgo de complicaciones posoperatorias.

Identifying the composition of commercial Brazilian cat food with stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen.

Considering the increasing pet owner's concern about the food their pets are consuming, in this study we investigated the origin of the main ingredients in wet and dry foods produced in Brazil using stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen. We concluded that chicken and pork seem to be the dominant ingredients in most of the samples, with larger proportions in wet cat food. Even in pet foods showing 'beef' as the main ingredient on the label, we found a low proportion of bovine products in both wet and dry cat foods. Comparing the contribution of plant-derived products (C3 and C4 plants) and animal-derived products (chicken-pork, bovine and fish), approximately 21 % of cat foods had more than 30 % of ingredients with plant origin in their composition. The high amount of plant-derived products in cat foods found here raises the question whether this should be mentioned on package labels.