Migrants living in the informal settlements of Southern Spain tend to have precarious employment and poor living conditions, making then vulnerable to mental health issues. This study aimed to assess psychological distress in a sample of unemployed migrants residing in informal settlements in the province of Huelva (southern Spain), during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during the months of April to June 2021, through a heteroadministered questionnaire, in informal settlements. The measurement instrument was the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), used to analyze psychological distress, and other sociodemographic and health-related variables. Univariate and bivariate descriptive data analysis were performed, using the nonparametric statistics Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Tau ß correlation. A categorical regression analysis was performed to study the relationship between psychological distress and the rest of the variables. The sample consisted of 317 subjects, 83.9% of whom were males, and the mean age was 33.4 years (SDâ =â 10.7 years). The mean score obtained in the GHQ-12 questionnaire was 13.69 points (SDâ =â 3.86). Significant differences were found between levels of psychological distress and substance abuse (Hâ =â 14.085; Pâ =â .049), people who wished to stay in Spain (tâ =â 6987; Pâ =â .049), people who experienced isolation due to COVID-19 contact (tâ =â 1379.5; Pâ =â .001), people who needed medical assistance due to COVID-19 (tâ =â 7.990; Pâ =â .018), and those who reported having chronic illnesses (tâ =â 2686.5, Pâ =â .02). The mean score of psychological distress indicates general high levels of psychological distress. Participants who had experienced isolation due to COVID-19 contact, who consumed substances, and who had chronic illnesses reported the highest levels of psychological distress.
COVID-19 , Psychological Distress , Transients and Migrants , Male , Humans , Adult , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pandemics , Spain/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Chronic Disease
There is still a generalized feeling of uncertainty in the population due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as restrictions on daily routines and social contact, accompanied by a large number of infections, negatively affect different areas of people's lives and, therefore, their mental health. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in the general UK population, using the Anxiety and Fear to COVID-19 Assessment Scale (Ansiedad y Miedo al COVID-19) (AMICO) scale. A descriptive, cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire was conducted in a sample of the UK general population in 2021. Socio-demographic and employment variables were included. The AMICO scale was included to measure fear and anxiety about COVID-19. The relationship between variables was studied with a categorical regression analysis. In general, participants regarded themselves as well-informed about the pandemic, although 62.6% had only received 1 dose of the vaccine. Regarding the AMICO scale the total score was 4.85 (out of 10; standard deviation 2.398). Women showed higher scores for the AMICO than men. The bivariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in relation to self-confidence, amount of information received, and vaccination variables as related to the mean AMICO scores. An average level of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 is shown in the general UK population, which is lower than most of the studies that assessed the impact of the pandemic on the general population.
COVID-19 , Male , Humans , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Anxiety/epidemiology , Fear , Surveys and Questionnaires , United Kingdom
Objective: The aim of the study was the initial psychometric study to validate the anxiety and fear of COVID-19 (AMICO) assessment scale in the general population of the United Kingdom population. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, psychometric validation and descriptive study was conducted, performing univariate and bivariate analyses, as well as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The sample was 658 people living in the United Kingdom over 16 years. Of the total, 80.5% were female, with a mean age of 48.25 years (SD = 14.861). A mean score for the AMICO scale of 4.85 (SD = 2.398) was obtained, with a range of scores from 1 to 10. The study of percentiles and quartiles allowed for the identification of three proposed levels of anxiety. Conclusion: The AMICO_UK scale is reliable to measure the presence of anxiety and fear related to the COVID-19 disease in the United Kingdom population. The majority of the United Kingdom population presented low levels of anxiety and fear at the time the scale was administered.
OBJECTIVE: Nurses are one of the groups most exposed to violence in the workplace. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between violence at work and engagement in a sample of nurses in Spain. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a national sample of Spanish nurses. A questionnaire was administered that collected the sociodemographic variables, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and an ad hoc scale on violence at work. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed as the statistical test with Bonferroni correction and the CHAID algorithm. RESULTS: The sample consisted of a total of 1,648 active nurses. It was observed that 42.17% of them had personally suffered some type of aggression or violence in the workplace, verbal aggression being the most frequent. The results indicated that there was a negative association between work engagement and exposure to situations of violence at work. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between having suffered attacks and the degree of work engagement against nurses, hence the need to establish effective preventive and intervention policies to promote an adequate work environment, and therefore stop episodes of violence in their initial stages.
OBJETIVO: Los profesionales de la enfermería son uno de los colectivos más expuestos a la violencia en los lugares de trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre la violencia en el trabajo y el compromiso laboral (Engagement) en una muestra de profesionales de enfermería en España. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra de enfermeras españolas a nivel nacional. Se administró un cuestionario que recogía las variables sociodemográficas, el Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) y una escala sobre violencia en el trabajo elaborada ad hoc. Se realizaron como pruebas estadísticas la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney, con corrección de Bonferroni y el algoritmo CHAID. RESULTADOS: La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 1.648 profesionales de enfermería en activo. Se observó que el 42,17% había sufrido personalmente algún tipo de agresión o violencia en el lugar de trabajo, siendo la agresión verbal la más frecuente. Los resultados indican que existía una asociación negativa entre el compromiso laboral y la exposición a situaciones de violencia en el trabajo. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una relación entre haber sufrido agresiones y el grado de compromiso laboral de los profesionales de enfermería, de ahí la necesidad de establecer políticas preventivas y de intervención eficaces para fomentar un adecuado clima laboral, y para atajar episodios de violencia en sus etapas iniciales.
Nursing Staff, Hospital , Workplace Violence , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spain , Work Engagement , Violence , Surveys and Questionnaires
FUNDAMENTOS: Los profesionales de la enfermería son uno de los colectivos más expuestos a la violencia en los lugares de trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre la violencia en el trabajo y el compromiso laboral (Engagement) en una muestra de profesionales de enfermería en España. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra de enfermeras españolas a nivel nacional. Se administró un cuestionario que recogía las variables sociodemográficas, el Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) y una escala sobre violencia en el trabajo elaborada ad hoc. Se realizaron como pruebas estadísticas la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney, con corrección de Bonferroni y el algoritmo CHAID. RESULTADOS: La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 1.648 profesionales de enfermería en activo. Se observó que el 42,17% había sufrido personalmente algún tipo de agresión o violencia en el lugar de trabajo, siendo la agresión verbal la más frecuente. Los resultados indican que existía una asociación negativa entre el compromiso laboral y la exposición a situaciones de violencia en el trabajo. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una relación entre haber sufrido agresiones y el grado de compromiso laboral de los profesionales de enfermería, de ahí la necesidad de establecer políticas preventivas y de intervención eficaces para fomentar un adecuado clima laboral, y para atajar episodios de violencia en sus etapas iniciales.(AU)
BACKGROUND: Nurses are one of the groups most exposed to violence in the workplace. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between violence at work and engagement in a sample of nurses in Spain. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a national sample of Spanish nurses. A questionnaire was administered that collected the sociodemographic variables, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and an ad hoc scale on violence at work. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed as the statistical test with Bonferroni correction and the CHAID algorithm. RESULTS: The sample consisted of a total of 1,648 active nurses. It was observed that 42.17% of them had personally suffered some type of aggression or violence in the workplace, verbal aggression being the most frequent. The results indicated that there was a negative association between work engagement and exposure to situations of violence at work. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between having suffered attacks and the degree of work engagement against nurses, hence the need to establish effective preventive and intervention policies to promote an adequate work environment, and therefore stop episodes of violence in their initial stages.(AU)
Humans , Female , Workplace Violence , Nursing Staff , Nurses , Occupational Health , Bullying , Aggression , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires
Objective: The effects caused by COVID-19 on the physical and mental health show the need to renew and create tools that specifically measure the fear and anxiety caused by the pandemic in healthcare professionals. The aim of the study was to measure fear and anxiety of COVID-19 in the nursing population group using a specific assessment scale. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in Spain based on questionnaires. The sample was selected by non-probabilistic snowball sampling. Univariate and bivariate descriptive analyses were performed. For qualitative variables, a categorical regression analysis was performed. Results: The sample consisted of 1012 nurses residing in Spain, 86.6% of whom were women, with a mean age of 40.84 years (SD = 11.51). The bivariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the mean score of the scale and the variables sex, level of education, m2 of the dwelling, and work area. Conclusion: The validation of this scale provides a new management tool that should enable managers to assess anxiety and fear among their nurses, whether in the current COVID-19 pandemic or in other possible epidemiological situations to come.
The work environment can be considered one of the main determining factors that can influence the mental health of workers, especially as regards the structural and organisational conditions to which the worker is subjected. This work environment has positive effects when work provides satisfaction and contributes to personal self-fulfilment, or negative effects provoked by situations of stress, inadequate working patterns and schedules, possible situations of abuse and/or harassment, etc., which may contribute to the appearance of alterations in the mental health of the worker. Therefore, it is crucial that organisations use strategies for mental health promotion and disease prevention in the workplace, as mental health problems arising from work represent a major burden of disease for society and the economy of a country. Stress can be considered one of the main factors capable of disrupting a person's mental health and determining the development of a mental disorder, but other individual, socio-cultural, organisational, biological, and environmental factors also play a role to a greater or lesser extent. A negative work situation can trigger the development of serious mental disorders such as psychotic, neurotic, or cognitive disorders, as well as those derived from work-related stress and psychoactive substance abuse, and self-injurious behaviours. For early detection, treatment, reintegration, and/or rehabilitation, coordination between the public health system and occupational health or occupational risk prevention services is necessary.
El entorno laboral puede ser considerado uno de los principales factores determinantes que puede influir en la salud mental de las personas trabajadoras, especialmente relacionados con las condiciones estructurales y organizativas a las que está sometida la persona trabajadora. Este entorno laboral proporciona efectos positivos cuando el trabajo aporta satisfacción y contribuye a la autorrealización personal, o negativos, por situaciones de estrés, por ritmos y horarios de trabajo inadecuados, por posibles situaciones de abuso y/o acoso, etc., pudiendo contribuir en la aparición de alteraciones en la salud mental de la persona trabajadora. A este respecto, es de vital importancia que las organizaciones recurran a estrategias de promoción de la salud mental y prevención de la enfermedad en los lugares de trabajo, de hecho, los problemas de salud mental derivados del trabajo representan una importante carga de enfermedad para la sociedad y la economía de un país. El estrés puede ser considerado uno de los factores capitales capaces de perturbar la salud mental de una persona, y determinar el desarrollo de un trastorno mental pero, existen otros factores individuales, factores socioculturales y organizativos, biológicos y ambientales que también influyen en mayor o en menor medida. Una situación laboral negativa puede desencadenar el desarrollo de trastornos mentales graves como pueden ser trastornos psicóticos, trastornos neuróticos, trastornos cognitivos, trastornos derivados del estrés laboral, trastornos por abuso de sustancias psicoactivas y trastornos autolíticos. Para su detección precoz, tratamiento, reinserción y/o rehabilitación se hace necesaria la coordinación entre el sistema de salud público y los servicios de salud laboral o de prevención de riesgos laborales.
Mental Disorders , Occupational Health , Humans , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Health , Spain , Workplace
El entorno laboral puede ser considerado uno de losprincipales factores determinantes que puede influir en lasalud mental de las personas trabajadoras, especialmenterelacionados con las condiciones estructurales y organizativas a las que está sometida la persona trabajadora. Esteentorno laboral proporciona efectos positivos cuando eltrabajo aporta satisfacción y contribuye a la autorrealización personal, o negativos, por situaciones de estrés, porritmos y horarios de trabajo inadecuados, por posibles situaciones de abuso y/o acoso, etc., pudiendo contribuir enla aparición de alteraciones en la salud mental de la persona trabajadora.A este respecto, es de vital importancia que las organizaciones recurran a estrategias de promoción de la saludmental y prevención de la enfermedad en los lugares detrabajo, de hecho, los problemas de salud mental derivados del trabajo representan una importante carga de enfermedad para la sociedad y la economía de un país.El estrés puede ser considerado uno de los factores capitales capaces de perturbar la salud mental de una persona, y determinar el desarrollo de un trastorno mental pero,existen otros factores individuales, factores socioculturales y organizativos, biológicos y ambientales que tambiéninfluyen en mayor o en menor medida.Una situación laboral negativa puede desencadenarel desarrollo de trastornos mentales graves como puedenser trastornos psicóticos, trastornos neuróticos, trastornoscognitivos, trastornos derivados del estrés laboral, trastornos por abuso de sustancias psicoactivas y trastornos autolíticos. Para su detección precoz, tratamiento, reinserción y/o rehabilitación se hace necesaria la coordinaciónentre el sistema de salud público y los servicios de saludlaboral o de prevención de riesgos laborales.(AU)
The work environment can be considered one of themain determining factors that can influence the mentalhealth of workers, especially as regards the structural andorganisational conditions to which the worker is subjected. This work environment has positive effects when workprovides satisfaction and contributes to personal self-fulfilment, or negative effects provoked by situations of stress,inadequate working patterns and schedules, possible situations of abuse and/or harassment, etc., which may contribute to the appearance of alterations in the mental healthof the worker.Therefore, it is crucial that organisations use strategiesfor mental health promotion and disease prevention in theworkplace, as mental health problems arising from workrepresent a major burden of disease for society and the economy of a country.Stress can be considered one of the main factors capableof disrupting a persons mental health and determining thedevelopment of a mental disorder, but other individual, socio-cultural, organisational, biological, and environmentalfactors also play a role to a greater or lesser extent.A negative work situation can trigger the developmentof serious mental disorders such as psychotic, neurotic, orcognitive disorders, as well as those derived from workrelated stress and psychoactive substance abuse, and selfinjurious behaviours. For early detection, treatment, reintegration, and/or rehabilitation, coordination between thepublic health system and occupational health or occupational risk prevention services is necessary.(AU)
Humans , 16360 , Burnout, Professional , Mental Disorders , Risk Factors , Occupational Risks , Occupational Health , Public Health , Spain , Mental Health , Health Promotion
BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia is a disease that affects mostly women and is related to stressors. The aim of this study was to assess how the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has affected women with fibromyalgia. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Springer Link databases, following the recommendations of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement. The methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools for non-randomized studies. RESULTS: A total of 6 studies were included. Most results indicated a worsening in the mental health of women with fibromyalgia during the pandemic, and this in turn impacted on physical health. CONCLUSION: The mental health of women with fibromyalgia was more affected during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic period than that of non-fibromyalgia sufferers. This was also reflected in the worsening of symptoms and weakness in performing daily activities.
COVID-19 , Female , Humans , Male , COVID-19/epidemiology , Pandemics , Mental Health , Research Design , Systematic Reviews as Topic
BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals are often subjected to demanding working conditions, and both burnout and work engagement are psychological reactions that develop when personality traits interact with the characteristics of the work. The objective of this study was to analyse the factors that influence burnout and work engagement levels among healthcare professionals. METHODS: A systematic review of articles published between January 2015 and October 2020 was conducted in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect electronic databases, following the PRISMA format. Methodological quality was assessed through the critical evaluation tools for non-randomised studies by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). RESULTS: A total of 27 studies were included in this review. Moderate levels of work engagement and low levels of burnout were observed among healthcare professionals. Job demands (work overload, shift type, negative events, type of service, etc.) and personal, situational, and organisational resources (psychological capital, social support, ability to express emotions, personal values, feeling self-fulfilled, among others) may be factors that influence work engagement and burnout levels. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide implications for the design, assessment and effectiveness of workplace interventions towards reducing the risk of burnout and improving work engagement levels among healthcare professionals.
OBJETIVO: Los profesionales sanitarios suelen estar sometidos a condiciones laborales exigentes y tanto el burnout como el work engagement son reacciones psicológicas que se desarrollan cuando las características personales interactúan con las características del trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores que influyen en los niveles de burnout y work engagement en los profesionales sanitarios. METODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO y ScienceDirect de los artículos publicados entre los meses de enero de 2015 y octubre de 2020. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica a partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica para estudios no randomizados del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). RESULTADOS: Un total de 27 estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. Entre los profesionales sanitarios se observaron niveles moderados de work engagement y valores bajos de burnout. Las demandas laborales (sobrecarga laboral, tipo de turno, concurrencia de eventos negativos, tipo de servicio, etc.) y los recursos personales, situacionales y organizacionales (capital psicológico, apoyo social, capacidad de expresar emociones, valores personales, sentirse autorrealizado, entre otros), pueden ser factores que influyan en los niveles de work engagement y burnout. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados permiten ofrecer implicaciones para el diseño, la evaluación y eficacia de las intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo para reducir el riesgo de burnout y mejorar los niveles de work engagement en los trabajadores de la salud.
Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Nurses/psychology , Physicians/psychology , Work Engagement , Humans , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology
The European Higher Education Area was implemented more than a decade ago with the aim of improving internationally the competitiveness of European university education putting the spotlight on skills and competence development (and not only on knowledge acquisition). This work intends to analyze the impact of competence-based teaching methodologies on university students, as well as to contribute to the study of the individual personality traits differences regarding this impact. For this, a descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-randomised sample of university students. The sample was composed of a total of 499 students of the University of Huelva (350 from the Health Sciences degree, and 149 form other degrees), who completed a questionnaire on professional skills and teaching methods developed ad hoc for this research, as well as the brief version of the Spanish adaptation of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The results show that Health Sciences students feel more satisfied with the most participative and active methodologies, and they consider these better contribute to their future professional competence development. On the other hand, in relation to the big 5 personality traits studied, links have been found between competence development perception and personal preferences and the dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience. This last factor, openness to experience, appears when analyzing the main differences among both groups, being Health Sciences students more intellectually curious, showing more openness and diversity of interests, in addition to being more creative, innovative, and flexible.
Allied Health Personnel/education , Allied Health Personnel/psychology , Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Allied Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Competency-Based Education/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Personality Tests/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires
In the new work environment, self-employment as a formula and entrepreneurship as an attitude have gained prominence as a means to foster a more competitive economy and increase employment opportunities. Having an entrepreneurial attitude, in addition to being positive on a work level, can also have positive effects on the health of the entrepreneur. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between an entrepreneurial attitude and its influence on the general health of Spanish self-employed workers who possess these skills, compared to those who lack them. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out through random sampling of 1148 self-employed professionals throughout Spain from 21 different economic sectors. The results show the existence of a negative relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and age, that is to say, an entrepreneurial attitude decreases with age. With the sex variable, women show less entrepreneurial attitude and with mental health, decreased mental health was shown in those with a greater entrepreneurial attitude. On the other hand, there is a positive linearity between a positive attitude and the social function of the state of health.
Attitude , Employment , Entrepreneurship , Health Status , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Spain , Young Adult
BACKGROUND: Sedoanalgesia secondary iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) in paediatric intensive units is frequent and its assessment is complex. Therapies are heterogeneous, and there is currently no gold standard method for diagnosis. In addition, the assessment scales validated in children are scarce. This paper aims to identify and describe both the paediatric diagnostic and assessment tools for the IWS and the treatments for the IWS in critically ill paediatric patients. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. This review included descriptive and observational studies published since 2000 that analyzed paediatric scales for the evaluation of the iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome and its treatments. The eligibility criteria included neonates, newborns, infants, pre-schoolers, and adolescents, up to age 18, who were admitted to the paediatric intensive care units with continuous infusion of hypnotics and/or opioid analgesics, and who presented signs or symptoms of deprivation related to withdrawal and prolonged infusion of sedoanalgesia. RESULTS: Three assessment scales were identified: Withdrawal Assessment Tool-1, Sophia Observation Withdrawal Symptoms, and Opioid and Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Score. Dexmedetomidine, methadone and clonidine were revealed as options for the treatment and prevention of the iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome. Finally, the use of phenobarbital suppressed symptoms of deprivation that are resistant to other drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The reviewed scales facilitate the assessment of the iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome and have a high diagnostic quality. However, its clinical use is very rare. The treatments identified in this review prevent and effectively treat this syndrome. The use of validated iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome assessment scales in paediatrics clinical practice facilitates assessment, have a high diagnostic quality, and should be encouraged, also ensuring nurses' training in their usage.
Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/drug therapy , Child , Humans , Iatrogenic Disease , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/diagnosis
Background: Exposure to risk factors may lead to health problems of varied nature and to an increased risk of suffering accidents at work. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the work engagement, psychosocial risks, and psychological well-being of Spanish nurses, analyzing existing relationships, and their associations with self-reported mental health problems of nurses. Methods: To this end, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out with a sample of 1,704 Spanish nurses between January 2019 and January 2020, using a self-administered questionnaire containing sociodemographic variables, the Spanish version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (CoPsoQ-istas21), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that nurses' perceptions for each of the tests significantly differed among different healthcare areas (p < 0.05). The results indicated that emergency nurses offered higher scores in all dimensions of the CoPsoQ-istas21 and GHQ-12 tests; and in primary care, nurses scored higher in all three dimensions of the UWES-9 test. In addition, self-perceived health and vigor at work were identified as predictive factors of mental health. Conclusions: A high percentage of Spanish nurses perceived a high level of psychosocial risk in the exercise of their duties and nearly 41% could suffer from some mental health-related problem. Primary Care nurses showed higher levels of work engagement and lower perception of psychosocial risks than Emergency nurses. Results may allow to identify a professional profile which is more likely to suffer from psychological distress, as both the working conditions and the work commitment expressed by nurses in their daily work are key elements in assessing the possible psychosocial risks to which they may be exposed.
Mental Health , Work Engagement , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
BACKGROUND: Decision aid tools (DAT) have been widely used in chronic diseases, but there are few studies on their usefulness in emergency departments. The objective of this study was to analyse the applicability of DAT in emergency services. METHODS: An exploratory review was conducted. Between January 1, 2012 and August 1, 2019, searches of randomised and controlled clinical trials, systematic reviews and other secondary studies where DAT are used to assist patients of any age in emergency services were conducted. The databases used were: Pubmed, Embase, Web Of Science, Cuiden, Patient Decision Aids Research Group IPDAS Collaboration, Cochrane, Centres for Reviews and Dissemination, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network. Two reviewers analysed and selected the studies. RESULTS: Twelve studies of moderate-low quality were included. The patients in the intervention group (IG) were more aware of their illness (M=3.6 vs 3 correct answers and M=4.2 vs 3.6), and more involved in the decisions (score in OPTION: 26.6 vs 7 and 18.3 vs 7). The conflict was reduced in the IG regarding those imaging tests in the TBI (traumatic brain injury; M=14.8 vs 19.2). In the IG, admittance to perform effort tests was reduced in low-risk chest pain (58% vs 77%; CI95%=6%-31%, 37% vs 52%; p<0.001). When DAT were used in children with diarrhoea or vomiting, in 80% of the cases the decision was to use oral rehydration against 61% in the control group (CG, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: DAT in emergency services improve patient's knowledge about the disease and their participation in care. More studies are needed to develop DAT in emergency services.
OBJETIVO: Las herramientas de ayuda en la toma de decisiones (HATD) han sido muy utilizadas en las enfermedades crónicas, pero existen pocos estudios sobre su utilidad en los servicios de urgencias. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la utilización de las HATD en los servicios de urgencias. METODOS: Se realizó una revisión exploratoria. Se realizaron búsquedas de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y controlados, revisiones sistemáticas y otros estudios secundar0ios donde se utilizaran las HATD para la asistencia a pacientes de cualquier edad en los servicios de urgencias, entre el 1 de enero de 2012 y el 1 de agosto de 2019. Dos revisores examinaron y seleccionaron los estudios. Se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Embase, Web Of Science, Cuiden, Patient Decision Aids Research Group IPDAS Collaboration, Cochrane, Centres for Reviews and Dissemination, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron doce estudios, de calidad metodológica moderada-baja. Los pacientes del Grupo de Intervención (GI) tenían mayor conocimiento de la enfermedad (M=3,6 frente a 3 preguntas correctas y M=4,2 frente a 3,6) y más implicación en las decisiones (puntuación en OPTION: 26,6 contra 7 y 18,3 contra 7). El conflicto se redujo en el GI en las decisiones sobre pruebas de imagen en el traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) (M=14,8 frente a 19,2). En el GI era menos frecuente el ingreso para realizar una prueba de esfuerzo en casos de dolor torácico de bajo riesgo (58% contra 77%; IC95%=6%-31%, y 37% contra 52%; p<0,001). Cuando se utilizaba una HATD en niños con diarrea o vómitos, en el 80% la decisión era seguir una rehidratación oral frente al 61% en el GC (p=0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Las HATD en los servicios de urgencias mejoran el conocimiento de los pacientes sobre la enfermedad y la participación en los cuidados. Se necesitan más estudios para desarrollar HATD en los servicios de urgencias.
Decision Making , Decision Support Systems, Clinical , Decision Support Techniques , Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Patient Participation , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/therapy , Chest Pain/therapy , Diarrhea/therapy , Emergency Service, Hospital , Fluid Therapy , Humans , Quality of Health Care , Spain , Vomiting/therapy
Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias en la sobrecarga percibida entre personas cuidadoras de familiares dependientes que son usuarias de asociaciones y que no lo son, así como evaluar la relación entre sobrecarga, capacidad de resiliencia y nivel de empatía. Método: Estudio ex post facto retrospectivo de dos grupos, uno de ellos casi control. Conformaron la muestra 155 personas que prestan cuidados informales (28 hombres y 127 mujeres); 109 eran usuarios/as de asociaciones de familiares de personas enfermas y 46 no usuarios/as. Se llevaron a cabo análisis tanto descriptivos como comparativos bivariados. Resultados: Las personas cuidadoras integradas en asociaciones muestran una menor sobrecarga y nivel de empatía, poniéndose de manifiesto que, a mayor nivel de sobrecarga percibida, menor es la capacidad de resiliencia. Conclusiones: La pertenencia a asociaciones de personas dependientes supone, para las personas cuidadoras, un menor nivel de sobrecarga percibida y un menor riesgo de desarrollo de síndrome de desgaste por empatía
Objective: To analyse the differences in perceived burden between family caregivers who are users of patient associations and those who are not; to assess the relationship between burden, resilience, and empathy levels. Method: Retrospective ex post facto study of two groups, one of them quasi control. The sample was composed of 155 informal caregivers (28 men and 155 women); 109 of them were users of patient relatives' associations and 46 were not. Both descriptive and bivariate comparative analyses were carried out. Results: Caregivers who were members of patient associations showed lower burden and empathy levels than those who were not. This highlighted that the higher their level of perceived burden, the lower their level of resilience. Conclusions: Belonging to carers' associations results in a lower level of perceived burden and a lower risk of developing compassion fatigue syndrome
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Workload/statistics & numerical data , Caregivers/psychology , Resilience, Psychological , Compassion Fatigue/psychology , Burnout, Psychological/psychology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Frail Elderly/statistics & numerical data
Introduction: Loss of employment is an experience that is lived and interpreted differently depending on a series of individual variables, including the psychological resources available to the affected person as well as their perception of their degree of employability. Losing one's job can be one of the most painful and traumatic events a person has to withstand. Following a dismissal, the worker needs to overcome a period of emotional adaptation to the loss. But that period of grieving can also condition the job searching process of the individual and can be influenced by different variables, highlighting the age and work experience. The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between intensity and type of affliction due to the loss of employment in older workers and their level of employability. Methods: We carried out a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 140 unemployed participants, from 19 to 65 years of age-users of Job Orientation in the Public Employment Service of Andalusia (Spain). Of the total participants, 66 were unemployed and over 45 years of age. They all took the Labour Insertion Potential Assessment Test and the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief, adapted for job loss. Results: Significant differences are shown in the grieving process due to loss of employment between both groups, with the older unemployed living the process more intensely. In relation to the employability potential, differences are found between both groups in terms of availability, perceived difficulties and fears. Interrelationships between total grieving intensity and the importance that older jobseekers give to work are also indicated. Conclusion: Loss of employment and the psychological and health consequences of this situation are identified with those that arise in the grieving process. Older workers present a series of features that determine that their job loss grieving process is more intense and lasts longer than that of other younger workers, regardless of whether the job loss was recent or not. On the other hand, it is shown that the intensity of grieving for job loss is related to the decrease of certain variables that are part of the concept of employability.
Nurses are continuously exposed to stressors and psychological and physical risks that can negatively influence their daily work. These adverse psychosocial circumstances, accompanied by the poor self-perception of health, well-being, and quality of life, may trigger burnout. The positive psychology approach pursues a growth of passion at work, increased job satisfaction, and occupational health, both mental and physical, for the optimal performance of the nursing role. In this way, a theoretical analysis was conducted to describe the basic constructs of positive psychology, elements such as engagement, passion at work, centrality, and meaning of work, which could act as protective factors in the nursing profession. The results show that if health professionals are not physically involved, cognitively alert, and emotionally connected, they may not offer the quality care patients require. Positive psychology helps nurses in facing their complex reality and relevant daily activities in order to provide quality care. These efforts towards a humanist nursing care in which professionals are able to care for the others as well as themselves should be made.
Attitude of Health Personnel , Job Satisfaction , Nurses/psychology , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Emotions , Humans , Nurse's Role , Quality of Health Care
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the differences in perceived burden between family caregivers who are users of patient associations and those who are not; to assess the relationship between burden, resilience, and empathy levels. METHOD: Retrospective ex post facto study of two groups, one of them quasi control. The sample was composed of 155 informal caregivers (28 men and 155 women); 109 of them were users of patient relatives' associations and 46 were not. Both descriptive and bivariate comparative analyses were carried out. RESULTS: Caregivers who were members of patient associations showed lower burden and empathy levels than those who were not. This highlighted that the higher their level of perceived burden, the lower their level of resilience. CONCLUSIONS: Belonging to carers' associations results in a lower level of perceived burden and a lower risk of developing compassion fatigue syndrome.
Caregivers/psychology , Cost of Illness , Empathy , Resilience, Psychological , Self-Help Groups , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies
OBJETIVO: Las herramientas de ayuda en la toma de decisiones (HATD) han sido muy utilizadas en las enfermedades crónicas, pero existen pocos estudios sobre su utilidad en los servicios de urgencias. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la utilización de las HATD en los servicios de urgencias. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión exploratoria. Se realizaron búsquedas de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y controlados, revisiones sistemáticas y otros estudios secundarios donde se utilizaran las HATD para la asistencia a pacientes de cualquier edad en los servicios de urgencias, entre el 1 de enero de 2012 y el 1 de agosto de 2019. Dos revisores examinaron y seleccionaron los estudios. Se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Embase, Web Of Science, Cuiden, Patient Decision Aids Research Group IPDAS Collaboration, Cochrane, Centres for Reviews and Dissemination, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron doce estudios, de calidad metodológica moderada-baja. Los pacientes del Grupo de Intervención (GI) tenían mayor conocimiento de la enfermedad (M=3,6 frente a 3 preguntas correctas y M=4,2 frente a 3,6) y más implicación en las decisiones (puntuación en OPTION: 26,6 contra 7 y 18,3 contra 7). El conflicto se redujo en el GI en las decisiones sobre pruebas de imagen en el traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) (M=14,8 frente a 19,2). En el GI era menos frecuente el ingreso para realizar una prueba de esfuerzo en casos de dolor torácico de bajo riesgo (58% contra 77%; IC95%=6%-31%, y 37% contra 52%; p<0,001). Cuando se utilizaba una HATD en niños con diarrea o vómitos, en el 80% la decisión era seguir una rehidratación oral frente al 61% en el GC (p=0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Las HATD en los servicios de urgencias mejoran el conocimiento de los pacientes sobre la enfermedad y la participación en los cuidados. Se necesitan más estudios para desarrollar HATD en los servicios de urgencias
BACKGROUND: Decision aid tools (DAT) have been widely used in chronic diseases, but there are few studies on their usefulness in emergency departments. The objective of this study was to analyse the applicability of DAT in emergency services. METHODS: An exploratory review was conducted. Between January 1, 2012 and August 1, 2019, searches of randomised and controlled clinical trials, systematic reviews and other secondary studies where DAT are used to assist patients of any age in emergency services were conducted. The databases used were: Pubmed, Embase, Web Of Science, Cuiden, Patient Decision Aids Research Group IPDAS Collaboration, Cochrane, Centres for Reviews and Dissemination, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network. Two reviewers analysed and selected the studies. RESULTS: Twelve studies of moderate-low quality were included. The patients in the intervention group (IG) were more aware of their illness (M=3.6 vs 3 correct answers and M=4.2 vs 3.6), and more involved in the decisions (score in OPTION: 26.6 vs 7 and 18.3 vs 7). The conflict was reduced in the IG regarding those imaging tests in the TBI (traumatic brain injury; M=14.8 vs 19.2). In the IG, admittance to perform effort tests was reduced in low-risk chest pain (58% vs 77%; CI95%=6%-31%, 37% vs 52%; p<0.001). When DAT were used in children with diarrhoea or vomiting, in 80% of the cases the decision was to use oral rehydration against 61% in the control group (CG, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: DAT in emergency services improve patient's knowledge about the disease and their participation in care. More studies are needed to develop DAT in emergency services
Humans , Decision Making , Decision Support Systems, Clinical , Decision Support Techniques , Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Patient Participation , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/therapy , Chest Pain/therapy , Diarrhea/therapy , Emergency Service, Hospital , Fluid Therapy , Quality of Health Care , Vomiting/therapy
