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AIM: To analyze the distribution of refractive status in school-age children with different corneal curvatures (CC) and the correlation between CC and refractive status. METHODS: A total of 2214 school-aged children of grade 4 in Hangzhou who were screened for school myopia were included. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), non-cycloplegic refraction, axial length (AL), horizontal and vertical corneal curvature (K1, K2) were measured and spherical equivalent (SE), corneal curvature radius (CCR) and axial length/corneal radius of curvature ratio (AL/CR) were calculated. UCDVA<5.0 and SE≤-0.50 D were classified as school-screening myopia. According to the different CCRs, the patients were divided into the lower corneal curvature (LCC) group (CCR≥7.92) and the higher corneal curvature (HCC) group (CCR<7.92). Each group was further divided into the normal AL subgroup and the long AL subgroup. The refractive parameters were compared to identify any differences between the two groups. RESULTS: Both SE and AL were greater in the LCC group (P=0.013, P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia was 38% in the LCC group and 44% in the HCC group (P<0.001). The proportion of children without screening myopia was higher in the LCC group (62%) than in the HCC group (56%). Among these children without screening myopia, the proportion of long AL in the LCC group (24%) was significantly higher than that in the HCC group (0.012%; P<0.001). The change of SE in the LCC group was less affected by the increase of AL than that in the HCC group. CONCLUSION: School-aged children in the LCC group have a lower incidence of screening myopia and longer AL. Low CC can mask SE reduction and AL growth to some extent, and the change of AL growth change more in children with low CC than high CC. Before the onset of myopia, its growth rate is even faster than that after the onset of myopia.
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BACKGROUND: Hip fracture (HF) is a major health problem for older patients. Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common complication in HF patients. It extends the length of the hospital stay and affects the recovery of mobility. This study aims to explore the relationship between self-efficacy, resilience, and quality of life in older patients with HF after HF combined with POUR and to improve the rehabilitation plan for HF patients. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted to assess 221 older patients with HF who underwent surgery for the first time at the Department of Orthopedics, Xishan People's Hospital from June 2018 to June 2021. Of these, 111 patients were in the POUR group (Group A), and the remaining 110 patients were in the non-POUR group (Group B). Three months after the operation, a questionnaire was administered to assess the relationship between POUR and self-efficacy, resilience, and quality of life. RESULTS: Self-efficacy scores of Group A (23.52±3.18) were lower than those of Group B (27.23±2.40), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Except for self-improvement, subscores and total scores of all resilience measures in Group A were lower than those of Group B, and these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of all quality of life measures of Group A were lower than those of Group B, and the differences were statistically significant except for role-emotional (RE) (P<0.05). The correlation analysis between self-efficacy and resilience in older patients with HF after the operation showed that self-efficacy was positively correlated with the total resilience score and the toughness optimism dimensions (P<0.01). Correlation analysis between self-efficacy and quality of life showed that self-efficacy was positively correlated with role-physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), and social functioning (SF) (P<0.01). Correlation analysis between resilience and quality of life showed that total resilience scores, toughness, and optimism were positively correlated with physical functioning (PF), RP, BP, GH, VT, and SF (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of POUR after HF significantly reduces self-efficacy, resilience, and quality of life in older adults.
