[Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema]. / Metody lecheniya khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni i emfizemy legkikh.

We summarized the available data on therapeutic, surgical and endoscopic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema that may be used like a bridge to lung transplantation. Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema is expensive. Certain limitations in lung transplantation make to create new methods of treatment of severe emphysema. However, one should be ready for possible complications and carefully select patients for certain treatment to avoid false negative results. Reducing costs or developing cheaper treatments is important for the future and availability of care. The risks and complications associated with surgical treatment of emphysema can make endoscopic surgery preferable for these patients, and this undoubtedly requires further research.

Ion beam composition in ion source based on magnetron sputtering discharge at extremely low working pressure.

In an ion source based on a pulsed planar magnetron sputtering discharge with gas (argon) feed, the fraction of metal ions in the ion beam decreases with decreasing gas pressure, down to the minimum possible working pressure of the magnetron sputtering discharge. The use of a supplementary vacuum arc plasma injector provides stable operation of the pulsed magnetron sputtering discharge at extremely low pressure and without gas feed. Under these conditions, the pressure dependence of the gaseous ion fraction displays a maximum (is nonmonotonic).

Prognostic significance of the TNM system criteria, levels of serum insulin-like growth factors and their transport proteins, VEGF and MMP-7 in colorectal cancer.

The analysis of long-term results of treatment of 88 primary patients with colon adenocarcinoma at various stages of tumor process is presented, taking into account the TNM system criteria, and serum IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, VEGF, and MMP-7 levels. The overall survival rate assessed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox multivariate regression model was used as the criterion of prognosis. It was established that IGF-1, IGFBP-2 and VEGF serum levels along with the stage of colorectal cancer might be considered as statistically significant independent predictors of overall survival in patients.

[ACTUAL STRATEGY OF TREATMENT VARICOSE VEINS RECURRENCE AFTER ENDOVENOUS INTERVENTIONS].

The aim of the study is to substantiate the surgical treatment tactics of recurrence varicose veins after endovenous interventions. Early and long-term results of the treatment, quality of life of patients with recurrence of varicose veins were studied. Among the admitted patients, there were 55 (65.5%) women and 29 (34.5%) men, the age of patients varied from 19 to 76 years. Of these, 9 patients underwent crossectomy, endovenous laser coagulation - 22, various stripping options - 4, echosclerotherapy - 20, intraoperative catheter sclerobliteration - 1, ligation of perforating veins - 28 patients. The choice of the treatment method depends on the data of duplex angioscanning, the source of recurrence, the diameter and length of the varicose veins. In the early postoperative period 18 (22.6%) patients had complications and side effects. Most often hyperpigmentation and neurological disorders developed, which were observed in 8 (9.5%) and 7 (8.3%) cases. 2 (2.4%) patients had a slightly painful dense cord after endovenous laser coagulation. 1 (1.2%) patient had a lymphocele in the inguinal incision area. This complication was eliminated by use of the puncture treatment method. Long-term results in terms of 1 to 3 years were studied in 82 (97.6%) patients. In the long-term period, 1 (1.2%) patient noted the varicose veins recurrence due to neovasculogenesis in the groin. The patient underwent micro-foam echosclerotherapy. Patient`s quality of life was studied by using the CIVIQ2 questionnaire before and 1 year after treatment. It was found that 4 main indicators of the quality of life in the long-term period improved by 35.6-48.8% of the preoperative values. At the same time, the most significant positive dynamics of psychological (48.8%) and pain (47.1%) factors was observed. The results justify the need for a differentiated approach, taking into account the individual characteristics of the disease, as well as the expediency of using minimally invasive techniques in patients with varicose veins recurrence.

A simplified cluster model and a tool adapted for collaborative labeling of lung cancer CT scans.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer with a high mortality rate. Early detection using medical imaging is critically important for the long-term survival of the patients. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tools can potentially reduce the number of incorrect interpretations of medical image data by radiologists. Datasets with adequate sample size, annotation, and truth are the dominant factors in developing and training effective CAD algorithms. The objective of this study was to produce a practical approach and a tool for the creation of medical image datasets. METHODS: The proposed model uses the modified maximum transverse diameter approach to mark a putative lung nodule. The modification involves the possibility to use a set of overlapping spheres of appropriate size to approximate the shape of the nodule. The algorithm embedded in the model also groups the marks made by different readers for the same lesion. We used the data of 536 randomly selected patients of Moscow outpatient clinics to create a dataset of standard-dose chest computed tomography (CT) scans utilizing the double-reading approach with arbitration. Six volunteer radiologists independently produced a report for each scan using the proposed model with the main focus on the detection of lesions with sizes ranging from 3 to 30 mm. After this, an arbitrator reviewed their marks and annotations. RESULTS: The maximum transverse diameter approach outperformed the alternative methods (3D box, ellipsoid, and complete outline construction) in a study of 10,000 computer-generated tumor models of different shapes in terms of accuracy and speed of nodule shape approximation. The markup and annotation of the CTLungCa-500 dataset revealed 72 studies containing no lung nodules. The remaining 464 CT scans contained 3151 lesions marked by at least one radiologist: 56%, 14%, and 29% of the lesions were malignant, benign, and non-nodular, respectively. 2887 lesions have the target size of 3-30 mm. Only 70 nodules were uniformly identified by all the six readers. An increase in the number of independent readers providing CT scans interpretations led to an accuracy increase associated with a decrease in agreement. The dataset markup process took three working weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The developed cluster model simplifies the collaborative and crowdsourced creation of image repositories and makes it time-efficient. Our proof-of-concept dataset provides a valuable source of annotated medical imaging data for training CAD algorithms aimed at early detection of lung nodules. The tool and the dataset are publicly available at https://github.com/Center-of-Diagnostics-and-Telemedicine/FAnTom.git and https://mosmed.ai/en/datasets/ct_lungcancer_500/, respectively.

Chemical bonding between thorium atoms and a carbon hexagon in carbon nanomaterials.

We explore the unusual nature of chemical bonding of thorium atoms with a ring of six carbon atoms (hexagon) in novel carbon materials. Our ab initio calculations of Th-based metallofullerenes (Th@C60 and Th@C20) and Th bound to benzene or coronene at the Hartree-Fock level with the second order perturbation (MP2) correction accounting for the van der Waals interactions demonstrate that the optimal position of the thorium atom is where it faces the center of a hexagon and is located at a distance of 2.01-2.07 Å from the center. For Th encapsulated in C60 it is found at 2.01 Å, whereas the other local energy minima are shifted to larger energies (0.22 eV and higher). Inside C60 the highest local minimum at 1.17 eV is observed when Th faces the center of the five member carbon ring (pentagon). Based on our calculations for Th with benzene and coronene where the global minimum for Th corresponds to its position at 2.05 Å (benzene) or 2.02 Å (coronene) from the hexagon center, we conclude that a well pronounced minimum is likely to be present in graphene and in a single wall carbon nanotube. The ground state of Th is singlet, and other high spin states (triplet and quintet) lie higher in energy (>1.62 eV). We discuss a potential use of carbon nanomaterials with the 229Th isotope having its nuclear transition in the optical range, for metrological purposes.

[Surgical-associated expansion of the jaws with asymmetric deformations]. / Khirurgicheski-assotsiirovannoe rasshirenie chelyustei pri asimmetrichnykh deformatsiyakh.

One of the most common abnormalities in the development of the jaw is the narrowing of the alveolar process of the maxilla. In childhood, the elimination of such a deformation is quite common. But with age, the only effective option is the inclusion of a surgical procedure in the rehabilitation plan. The medial and parasagittal osteotomy of the maxilla for the purpose of its expansion by a distraction device has a number of important nuances which can significantly affect the result. These include: localization of sagittal osteotomy of the palate and alveolar process; the direction of cutting the walls of the maxillary sinus; type of fixation of the device (dental-borne or bone-borne). The article summarizes the experience of 74 surgical-associated expansions of the jaws with asymmetric deformations performed over 2 years. A retrospective analysis according to cone beam computed tomography is given. of complex treatment with the inclusion of sparing osteotomy of the maxilla in the rehabilitation plan and a differentiated approach to performing surgical manipulation allow to achieve optimal aesthetic and functional results and to correct the asymmetry to the greatest extent.

[Direct spontaneous high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula in a 9-month-old child after nasolacrimal duct repair]. / Pryamoe spontannoe vysokopotochnoe karotidno-kavernoznoe soust'e u rebenka 9 mesyatsev, razvivsheesya posle plastiki sleznogo kanala.

Successful treatment of direct spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula in a 9-month-old child and review of the literature devoted to this issue are reported in the manuscript. Spontaneous high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula is extremely rare in children. Detailed diagnosis of the fistulae includes CT-angiography and cerebral subtraction angiography. Previous surgeries (nasolacrimal canal repair in this case) may be considered as an etiological factor of carotid-cavernous fistula. Transarterial transfemoral endovascular embolization of the fistula with microcoils ensured closure of abnormal communication and complete regression of clinical manifestations in our case.

Influence of Natural Polyphenols on Isolated Yeast Dipodascus magnusii Mitochondria.

The effect of stilbene polyphenols (resveratrol and pinosilvin) and flavonoids (dihydromyricetin, epigallocatechin, and dihydroquercetin) on producing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to cell respiration using the isolated mitochondria of the fungus Dipodascus (Endomyces) magnusii was studied. It was shown that the inhibition of the ROS generation with stilbenes is related to both the oxygen consumption inhibition and their antioxidant properties. The degree of manifestation of polyphenol antioxidant properties depended on the number of hydroxyl groups in a polyphenol molecule. Of the flavonoids tested, dihydromyricetin was most active in reducing the ROS generation, but its inhibitory effect on oxygen consumption by mitochondria was significantly lower as compared to that of the stilbenes. The data obtained show that the mechanism of reducing the ROS generation with polyphenols is associated with both the respiratory inhibition and their antioxidant properties.

Pulsed vacuum arc plasma source of supersonic metal ion flow.

Supersonic plasma flows with densities of 1013-1016 cm-3 find application in various fields of physics and technology such as surface modification, simulation of plasma impact in fusion facilities, and laboratory studies of space phenomena. The work outlined here describes a pulsed vacuum arc source of supersonic dense metal plasma flow. The design, working principle, features of the power supply circuit, and main parameters of the plasma source in relation to the parameter of the vacuum arc pulse are discussed. Flows of ionized aluminum, copper, tantalum, and molybdenum were investigated. At a vacuum arc current amplitude of 25 kA, the source generated a plasma with a density of 3 × 1015 cm-3. The ion velocity in the plasma flow and the ion charge state composition were measured. For an aluminum cathode, we have carried out measurements of the macroparticle fraction and the erosion rate. This supersonic metal ion plasma flow source is primarily designed for studying the flow interaction with an inhomogeneous magnetic field, with simultaneous application of electron cyclotron resonance irradiation from high-power pulsed gyrotrons, but may also find other applications.

[The future of computer-aided diagnostics in chest computed tomography]. / Perspektivy ispol'zovaniia kompleksnoi komp'iuter-assistirovannoi diagnostiki v otsenke struktur grudnoi kletki.

Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the utility of artificial intelligence in medicine. Radiology differs from other medical specialties with its high digitalization, so most software developers operationalize this area of medicine. The primary condition for machine learning is met because medical diagnostic images have high reproducibility. Today, the most common anatomic area for computed tomography is the thorax, particularly with the widespread lung cancer screening programs using low-dose computed tomography. In this regard, the amount of information that needs to be processed by a radiologist is snowballing. Thus, automatic image analysis will allow more studies to be interpreted. This review is aimed at highlighting the possibilities of machine learning in the chest computed tomography.

Active site rearrangement and structural divergence in prokaryotic respiratory oxidases.

Cytochrome bd-type quinol oxidases catalyze the reduction of molecular oxygen to water in the respiratory chain of many human-pathogenic bacteria. They are structurally unrelated to mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidases and are therefore a prime target for the development of antimicrobial drugs. We determined the structure of the Escherichia coli cytochrome bd-I oxidase by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to a resolution of 2.7 angstroms. Our structure contains a previously unknown accessory subunit CydH, the L-subfamily-specific Q-loop domain, a structural ubiquinone-8 cofactor, an active-site density interpreted as dioxygen, distinct water-filled proton channels, and an oxygen-conducting pathway. Comparison with another cytochrome bd oxidase reveals structural divergence in the family, including rearrangement of high-spin hemes and conformational adaption of a transmembrane helix to generate a distinct oxygen-binding site.

Intestinal insulin/IGF1 signalling through FoxO1 regulates epithelial integrity and susceptibility to colon cancer.

Obesity promotes the development of insulin resistance and increases the incidence of colitis-associated cancer (CAC), but whether a blunted insulin action specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) affects CAC is unknown. Here, we show that obesity impairs insulin sensitivity in IECs and that mice with IEC-specific inactivation of the insulin and IGF1 receptors exhibit enhanced CAC development as a consequence of impaired restoration of gut barrier function. Blunted insulin signalling retains the transcription factor FOXO1 in the nucleus to inhibit expression of Dsc3, thereby impairing desmosome formation and epithelial integrity. Both IEC-specific nuclear FoxO1ADA expression and IEC-specific Dsc3 inactivation recapitulate the impaired intestinal integrity and increased CAC burden. Spontaneous colonic tumour formation and compromised intestinal integrity are also observed upon IEC-specific coexpression of FoxO1ADA and a stable Myc variant, thus suggesting a molecular mechanism through which impaired insulin action and nuclear FOXO1 in IECs promotes CAC.

DNA insecticides: Data on the trial in the field.

This data article is related to the research articles entitled "The RING for gypsy moth control: topical application of fragment of its nuclear polyhedrosis virus anti-apoptosis gene as insecticide" (Oberemok et al., 2016), "Molecular alliance of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and a short unmodified antisense oligonucleotide of its anti-apoptotic IAP-3 gene: a novel approach for gypsy moth control" (Oberemok et al., 2017), and "Topical treatment of LdMNPV-infected gypsy moth caterpillars with 18 nucleotides long antisense fragment from LdMNPV IAP-3 gene triggers higher levels of apoptosis in infected cells and mortality of the pest" (Oberemok et al., 2017). This data article reports on the significant decrease of survival of L. dispar larvae after contact application of 18 nucleotides long antisense oligoRING fragment in the field experiment and supports perspective of use of DNA insecticides in forests.

A New Recombinant Strain of Yarrowia lipolytica Producing Encapsulated Phytase from Obesumbacterium proteus.

A new recombinant strain of Yarrowia lipolytica synthesizing encapsulated highly thermostable phytase of Obesumbacterium proteus, which is recommended for use as a premix component of feed compositions in animal husbandry, was obtained.

Ultrasonic synthesis of hydroxyapatite in non-cavitation and cavitation modes.

The size control of materials is of great importance in research and technology because materials of different size and shape have different properties and applications. This paper focuses on the synthesis of hydroxyapatite in ultrasound fields of different frequencies and intensities with the aim to find the conditions which allow control of the particles size. The results are evaluated by X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, morphological and sedimentation analyses. It is shown that the hydroxyapatite particles synthesized at low intensity non-cavitation regime of ultrasound have smaller size than those prepared at high intensity cavitation regime. The explanation of observed results is based on the idea of formation of vortices at the interface between phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide solution where the nucleation of hydroxyapatite particles is taken place. Smaller vortices formed at high frequency non-cavitation ultrasound regime provide smaller nucleation sites and smaller resulting particles, compared to vortices and particles obtained without ultrasound. Discovered method has a potential of industrial application of ultrasound for the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles.

[Comparative biomechanical study of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion with tooth-borne and bone-borne expanders]. / Sravnenie biomekhaniki khirurgicheski assotsiirovannogo rasshireniia neba pri ispol'zovanii distraktsionnykh apparatov s nazubnym i nakostnym tipami fiksatsii.

The study objective was to compare the biomechanics of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) with tooth-borne and bone-borne expanders. Materials include a sample of 54 cone-beam CT of 27 patients who underwent SARPE (bone-borne, n=21; tooth-borne, n=6) before treatment and at expander removal. Expansion efficacy was estimated by interapecal and intercoronal distances between maxillary canines, premolars and first molars as well as Coronal-Apical Index (CAI = coronal expansion (mm)/apical expansion (mm)). CAI varied between 1.5 and 2.0 in the group of patients with bone-borne appliances, and from 2.3 to 2.6 in the tooth-borne appliances group. The maximal amount of vestibular coronal declination was revealed in premolars by the use of tooth-borne appliances. Bone-borne appliances allowed lateralization of maxilla and the most prominent effect of tooth shift in a vestibular direction, which may be seen as the most important factors in a relapse prevention.

Novel efficient promoter of the mitochondrial porin, voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), in the genome of the Yarrowia lipolytica yeast.

This article presents the characteristics of the highly inducible promoter of the gene encoding the mitochondrial porin, the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). This promoter is recommended for use in new genetic constructs both in basic research for assessing the adaptive strategy of lower eukaryotes under adverse conditions and in designing new highly competitive transformants producing economically important compounds (proteins, lipids, and organic acids) on its basis.

«Surgery first¼ or two stage complex rehabilitation plan for patients with malocclusions. / «Surgery first¼ ili dvukhetapnaya metodika kompleksnoi reabilitatsii patsientov s anomaliyami prikusa.

The article considers stages of complex rehabilitation treatment plans of patients with bite anomalies. The study included 515 patients with various complex malocclusions. Two and conventional three stage treatment plans are described. The article suggests indications for the two stage treatment protocol. The evaluation of efficiency and stability of achieved treatment results obtained with a help of the system of quantitative analysis of dentooralfacial disorders is presented.

[Analysis of the efficacy and safety of electric toothbrushes Oral-B with oscillating-rotating technology in «Healthy smile¼ program].

The aim of study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of individual oral hygiene in adult patients by regular use of electric toothbrushes with the oscillating-rotating technology basing on data obtained during the implementation of «Healthy Smile¼ program. Questionnaires of 7022 dentists in Russia and Ukraine were used to assess personal experience of using Oral-B PC 5000 toothbrush. The dental status dynamics after regular use of Oral-B PC 500 tooth brush was evaluatedin 21 088 patients within 12 weeks. It was found out that the use of electric toothbrushes with the oscillating-rotating technology for individual oral hygiene provided a significant improvement of oral hygiene in 93.5±0.17%, reducing plaque in 92.5±0.18% of patients, improving gingival condition in 87.1±0.23% of participants of the Program. The effectiveness of the implemented algorithm of clinical testing and practical application of innovative, high-tech personal oral hygiene tools is proved.