Acute pancreatitis, marked by sudden inflammation of the pancreas, presents a complex spectrum of causative factors including gallstone obstruction, alcohol abuse, and viral infections. Recent studies have illuminated the emergence of vaccine-induced acute pancreatitis, notably associated with COVID-19 vaccinations, presenting diverse mechanisms ranging from direct viral-mediated injury to autoimmune reactions. Understanding this link is pivotal for public health, yet challenges persist in identifying and managing cases post-vaccination. Comprehensive literature reviews employing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement outline the potential pathways and mechanisms leading to vaccine-induced pancreatitis, emphasizing the need for deeper investigations into underlying health conditions and modifications to vaccine components. Notably, the rare occurrences of vaccine-induced pancreatitis extend beyond COVID-19 vaccines, with reports also documenting associations with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), human papillomavirus (HPV), and other viral vaccinations. Mechanistically, hypotheses such as molecular mimicry and immunologic injury have been proposed, necessitating ongoing vigilance and exploration. Regulatory agencies play a crucial role in monitoring and communicating vaccine safety concerns, emphasizing transparency to address potential risks and maintain public trust. Understanding and communicating these rare adverse events with transparency remain integral for informed vaccination policies and to allay concerns surrounding vaccine safety.
Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) is a prolonged fever lasting several weeks without an identifiable cause despite extensive medical evaluation. Many a time, its cause remains largely unknown even after collecting a detailed medical history, conducting comprehensive physical assessments, and performing various standard laboratory tests and imaging procedures. This case series presents two cases of pyrexia of unknown origin. The first case includes a unique and uncommon presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In the second case, the patient's fever remained unexplained after various investigations and treatments. The two documented cases of PUO presented in this report aim to contribute to the understanding of its diverse etiology and diagnostic challenges. By highlighting unique presentations and diagnostic dilemmas, the cases aim to promote awareness and facilitate timely recognition and appropriate management of PUO.
