Forty years ago, when the journal Investigación y Educación en Enfermería was founded, it had the vision of being the main means of expression of the Faculty of Nursing at Universidad de Antioquia. Within this projection, from its beginnings, it sought to be the channel for the exchange of knowledge by nursing professionals in the country and in Latin America. To celebrate these anniversaries, a compilation was made of the most important information in the history of the journal, inviting us to reflect on the many achievements it has granted to our Faculty; also, recognition is given to everyone who has contributed to the journal and to the profession.
History
Background: Ecuador has been experiencing an epidemiological transition due to its demographic and lifestyle changes, where non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Quito, Ecuador's capital city, is one of the cities burdened by CKD, yet it is unknown the factors that contribute to the rising incidence of this disease. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of CKD among non-institutionalized adults in Quito between 2019 and 2021, and to examine its associations with various risk factors. Methods: For the analysis of prevalence, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines were used, where an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was counted as a presumed case of CKD. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation was used to calculate eGFR. Multiple linear regression models were used to determined associations between blood pressure, blood glucose, sex, and zone with eGFR. A t-test of independence was used to determine difference in means between sex and zone and eGFR. Results: A prevalence of 7.2% was found, in which almost 45% of the participants were classified within stages 2-4 of this disease. The risk factors that were significantly associated with eGFR were systolic blood pressure (ß = -0.43, p < 0.001), sex, and zone (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Overall a high prevalence of CKD was found among adults who visited SIME clinics in Quito. Associations between main risk factors and eGFR were found, yet further research is needed to explore CKD in Ecuador and its main cities.
Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects up to 40% of the general population, there are large-scale multicenter studies that have described its characteristics and few studies have focused on studying patients with AR in Latin America (LA). Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter study was carried out in four LA countries (Colombia, Argentina, Cuba and Peru). Patients diagnosed with AR between November 2017 and June 2020 were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data, sensitization profile and current treatment were collected in the Electronic Data Collection (BDClinic). Patients also filled out this questionnaires: Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT), Reflexive Total Nasal Symptom Score (rTNSS), Modified ARIA Criteria for AR Severity (mARIA) and ESPRINT-15. Risk of bias was examined by applying the STROBE checklist. Results: The study included 412 patients. Median age was 25 years (15-39). Two hundred and twenty four (54.3%) were women. Nasal obstruction was present in 303 (73.5%). Three hundred and thirty four (81%) had a persistent AR. One hundred and twenty one (31.3%) had associated asthma. The most frequently positive skin tests were: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in 365 (88.6%) and Dermatophagoides farinae in 331 (81.3%). Four hundred and eleven patients (99%) reported that AR affected their quality of life. The median score of ESPRINT-15 was 1.87 (0.93-2.93), The mean values of RCAT and rTNSS were 19.01 (±4.59) and 5.4 (±2.97) respectively. Two hundred and fifty (60%) were receiving only oral antihistamines. Physicians decided to start nasal corticosteroids in 296 (71.8%). Only seventy patients (16.9%) were receiving immunotherapy. Conclusion: These findings confirm that most of patients with AR in LA have a persistent disease with a negative impact on quality of life. Dust mites are the main sensitizers. These findings will allow to know the true impact of AR and can lead to a better disease management.
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras sustancias en su relación con predictores de riesgo para la salud mental, en estudiantes de salud de una universidad pública. Metodología: tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva, transversal. Se seleccionaron 3020 estudiantes de nueve (9) facultades de salud. A través de un muestreo por conglomerados proporcional al número de estudiantes por facultad, se utilizó un cuestionario compuesto de cuatro partes: una con variables sociodemográficas y tres test. Resultados: AUDIT: de los 1726 estudiantes que respondieron la encuesta 80,4 % está en la zona de riesgo I, por lo que se sugiere educación sobre el alcohol; el 0,9 % se ubicó en la zona IV, se aconseja la derivación a especialista. FAGESTRÖM: los que respondieron (n=196), el 88,3 % puntuaron como fumador poco dependiente; el 8,2 % de ellos presentaron riesgo de dependencia. DUSI: en relación con el consumo de sustancias ilícitas, la marihuana tiene el consumo más alto (n=554), el 72,3 % lo hizo de forma experimental; el 8,5 % lo realizó de forma compulsiva. Conclusión: los datos encontrados permitieron ver cifras elevadas de consumo perjudicial, por tal motivo es necesario proponer estrategias de intervención oportunas.
Objective. To describe the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances and its relationship with predictors of mental health in health students from a public university. Materials and methods. Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional. Three thousand twenty students from nine health departments were selected. Cluster sampling is proportional to the number of students per department. A questionnaire of four parts was used: one with sociodemographic variables and three tests. Results. AUDIT: Out of 1726 respondents, 80.4 % were in risk zone I where education on alcohol is suggested and 0.9 % were in zone IV, referral to a specialist; FAGESTRÖM: Of the respondents (n = 196), 88.3 % scored as slightly dependent smokers and 8.2 % had a risk of dependence. DUSI: About the use of controlled substances, marijuana has the highest consumption (n = 554); 72.3 % used it experimentally and 8.5 % did it compulsively. Conclusion. The data revealed high figures of harmful use; therefore, it is necessary to propose timely intervention strategies.
To our knowledge, environmental isolation of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, from the continental United States has not been reported. We report a case of melioidosis in a Texas resident. Genomic analysis indicated that the isolate groups with B. pseudomallei isolates from patients in the same region, suggesting possible endemicity to this region.
Burkholderia pseudomallei , Melioidosis , Burkholderia pseudomallei/genetics , Genomics , Humans , Melioidosis/diagnosis , Texas/epidemiology , Travel , United States
BACKGROUND: In Latin America there are few data about the factors that influence the control and severity of asthma. OBJECTIVE: To describe the association between IgE sensitization to intra-home allergens and housing conditions in the severity of asthma. METHODS: Sensitization to aero-allergens was evaluated by skin prick test and socio-demographic data by a questionnaire in a population between 6 and 14 years of age with diagnosis of asthma. Asthma control was measured according to spirometric results and to the application of the ACT (Asthma Control Test); the severity and symptom control was evaluated according to the GINA guideline. RESULTS: A total of 150 resident patients from the Aburra Valley (Colombia) were included. The median age of participants was 11 years, 95 (63.3 %) male. 92 % of the patients resided in the urban area. Mite sensitization was the most prevalent in controlled and uncontrolled patients. Sensitization to cockroach and some poverty conditions were risk factors for asthma severity. CONCLUSION: Poverty conditions appear to favor the development of severe asthma and in turn IgE sensitization to cockroaches. This sensitization could serve as a biomarker of severity.
Antecedentes: en Latinoamérica existen pocos datos acerca de los factores que influyen en el control y la gravedad del asma. Objetivo: describir la asociación entre la sensibilización IgE a alérgenos intradomiciliarios y las condiciones de vivienda en la gravedad del asma. Métodos: se evaluó la sensibilización a aeroalérgenos mediante la realización de la prueba de escarificación y los datos sociodemográficos en una población entre 6 y 14 años de edad con diagnóstico de asma. El control del asma se midió de acuerdo con los resultados espirométricos y a la aplicación del Asthma Control Test, la gravedad y el control de los síntomas según la guía GINA. Resultados: se incluyeron 150 pacientes residentes del Valle de Aburrá, Colombia. La mediana de edad de los participantes fue de 11 años, 95 (63.3 %) de sexo masculino. El 92 % de los pacientes residía en el área urbana. La sensibilización a ácaros fue la más prevalente, tanto en el grupo de pacientes controlados como no controlados. La sensibilización a cucaracha y algunas condiciones de pobreza fueron factores determinantes para la gravedad de asma. Conclusión: las condiciones de pobreza parecen favorecer el desarrollo de asma grave y a su vez la sensibilización IgE a cucaracha. Esta sensibilización podría servir como biomarcador de gravedad.
Allergens/immunology , Asthma/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Adolescent , Allergens/adverse effects , Animals , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Mites , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Socioeconomic Factors
Objetivo: Describir la prevalência de consumo de sustancias licitas e ilícitas en estudiantes de una facultad de salud, de una Universidad pública. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, desarrollado con 252 estudiantes a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta compuesta por tres instrumentos, versión para auto-aplicación. Resultados: Las sustancias que consumían al momento de la encuesta fueron en su orden, alcohol (75.8%), tabaco (14.3%), marihuana (6%), cocaína (1.2%). Se encontró que el (53.6%) consumió algún tipo de sustancia antes de ingresar a la universidad. La mayor motivación para el consumo fue por gusto. Por efectos de la sustancia ha tenido problemas disciplinarios el (7.9%) y el (16.3%) ha pensado y/o intentado suicidarse. Discusión: La representación social del consumo puede influir en la frecuencia del consumo, quizás es por ello que el alcohol sea la sustancia que más se consume, seguido del tabaco y la marihuana, en menor proporción, debido posiblemente a la estigmatización social que produce su consumo.
Objective: To describe the prevalence of consumption of legal and illegal substances in students of a medicine faculty, of a public University. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with 252 students to whom a survey composed by three instruments was applied, version for self-study. Results: The substances that were consumed at the time of the survey were in their order, alcohol (75.8%), tobacco (14.3%), marijuana (6%), cocaine-(1.2%). It was found that (53.6%) consumed some type of substance before entering university. Pleasure was the greatest motivation for consumption. Due to, substance effects the (7.9%) has had disciplinary problems and the (16.3%) has thought and / or tried to commit suicide. Discussion: The social representation of consumption can influence the frequency of consumption, perhaps that is why alcohol is the most consumed substance, tobacco and marijuana in a less proportion, possibly due to the social stigmatization that produces their consumption.
Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de consumo de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas entre estudantes de uma faculdade de saúde, de uma universidade pública. Metodologia: Um estudo descritivo transversal desenvolvido com 252 estudantes que contestaram um questionário composto por três instrumentos, versão auto-aplicável. Resultados: Substâncias consumidas no momento do levantamento foram, na seguinte ordem, álcool (75,8%), tabaco (14,3%), maconha (6%), cocaína (1,2%). Verificou-se que (53,6%) consumiram algum tipo de substância antes de ingressar na universidade. A maior motivação para o consumo foi por prazer. Devido aos efeitos da substância 7,9% teve problemas disciplinares e 16,3% pensou e / ou tentou cometer suicídio. Discussão: A representação social de consumo pode influenciar a frequência de consumo, talvez por isso o álcool é a substância mais consumida, tabaco e marijuana são consumidos em menor grau, possivelmente por causa do estigma social que produz o seu consumo.
Currently, the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) project is a global approach to assess the prevalence of asthma and other allergies in different latitudes. One of the great advantages of this project is that it compares using the same methodology, the prevalence of asthma in more than 50 cities during the same period of time, nevertheless the reproducibility of these results when compared with other studies of prevalence in each region has not been evaluated. In this review we aim to compare the epidemiological data provided by the ISAAC against the data identified in some regional cohort studies and by means of a critical evaluation to highlight the main similarities and to analyze the differences between these epidemiological data.
Actualmente el proyecto ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) constituye un acercamiento global para conocer la prevalencia del asma y otras alergias en diferentes latitudes del orbe. Una de las ventajas de este proyecto es que con la misma metodología compara la prevalencia del asma en más de 50 ciudades durante el mismo periodo de tiempo, sin embargo, no ha sido evaluada la reproducibilidad de los resultados, en comparación con los proporcionados por otras investigaciones de prevalencia realizadas en cada región. En esta revisión nos propusimos como objetivo comparar los datos epidemiológicos aportados por el estudio ISAAC con los datos identificados en algunos estudios de cohorte regionales y, mediante una evaluación crítica, resaltar las principales similitudes y analizar las diferencias entre estos datos epidemiológicos.
Asthma/epidemiology , Adolescent , Child , Cohort Studies , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , International Cooperation , Latin America/epidemiology , Male , Prevalence , Reproducibility of Results , Sampling Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
Introducción: aunque el consumo y la dependencia a alcohol, nicotina y drogasaumentan en el mundo, este tema es poco estudiado en docentes universitarios. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal que determinó la frecuencia, motivos de consumo y dependencia a la nicotina, alcohol y drogas, en docentes de una universidad de Medellín. Se aplicaron los test de CAGE, FAGERSTRÕM y DUSI a 338 profesores. Resultados: la edad mediana fue 39 años. La frecuencia de consumo al menos una vez en la vida de alcohol fue 92,3%; nicotina 45,9% y otras drogas 26,3%. La droga más consumida fue la marihuana (21,0%). 0,9% presentaron riesgo dedependencia al alcohol; 0,64% eran altamente dependientes a la nicotina y solo un docente presentó alto riesgo de dependencia a las drogas. Conclusión: aunque el consumo de alcohol, nicotina y drogas fue superior al de la población colombiana, el riesgo de dependencia fue bajo.
Introduction: while use and alcohol, nicotine and drug dependence have increased in the world, this issue has not been studied in faculty members.Methods: cross-sectional study that determined the frequency, reasons of use, and nicotine, alcohol and drug dependence, in faculty members at a university of Medellin. CAGE, Fagerstrom and DUSI tests were applied to 338 teachers.Results: median age was 39 years. Lifetime frequency of alcohol use was 92,3%, nicotine 45,9% and other drugs 26,3%. The most commonly used drug was marijuana (21,0%). 0,9% had a risk of alcohol dependence, 0,64% were highly dependent on nicotine and only one teacher had a high risk of drug dependence.Conclusion: although use of alcohol, nicotine and other drugs was higher than Colombian population, the risk of dependence on these substances was low.
Introdução: embora o consumo e a dependência ao álcool, nicotina e drogas tenha aumentado no mundo, este tema tem sido pouco estudado em docentes universitários.Métodos: estudo descritivo transversal que determinou a frequência, motivos de consumo e dependência à nicotina, alcool e drogas em docentes de una universidade de Medellín. Aplicaram-se testes de CAGE, FAGERSTRÓM e DUSI a 338 profesores.Resultados: a idade media foi 39 anos. A frequência de consumo de álcool, ao menos una vez na vida, foi de 92,3%; nicotina 45,9% e outras drogas, 26,3%. A droga mais consumida foi a maconha (21,0%). Para 0,9% era o risco de dependência ao álcool; 0,64% eram altamente dependentes à nicotina e só un docente apresentou alto risco de dependência às drogas.Conclusão: embora o consumo de alcool, nicotina e drogas fosse superior ao da população colombiana, o risco de dependência foi baixo.
Humans , Faculty , Substance-Related Disorders , Universities
