Non-traumatic False Cyst of the Spleen: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

False cysts have no cellular lining and usually originate from past abdominal trauma. We herein report a 23-year-old woman with an asymptomatic splenic false cyst. She had no history of abdominal trauma. Abdominal computed tomography showed a cystic lesion without internal structure. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography revealed an inhomogeneous internal structure without fluid/debris level. Although the images were not typical of a splenic false cyst, the surgically excised mass histologically showed a splenic false cyst (no epithelial element). Non-traumatic splenic false cysts are rare and show nonspecific clinical findings and symptoms. The recommended treatment is splenectomy.

Gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection in early gastric cancer with bleeding: A case report.

Gel immersion endoscopy was developed by Yano for the treatment of bleeding. In this case, we performed gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection to treat a bleeding gastric cancer. An 80-year-old man, with chronic renal failure and on aspirin treatment for ischemic heart disease, underwent endoscopic treatment for multiple early gastric cancers on the anterior and posterior walls of the pyloric ring. An endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed for gastric cancer on the anterior wall; however, the removal of the cancer on the posterior wall was complicated by tumor prolapse and bleeding. Gel formulation (VISCOCLEAR® Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan) was used to immerse the bleeding tumor and subsequently facilitate the endoscopic mucosal resection. Various factors, such as the use of antithrombotic medication and underlying renal disease, can increase the risk of bleeding during endoscopic gastric cancer resection. If bleeding persists, the resection margin becomes obscured. Gel formulations, such as VISCOCLEAR®, can be applied to control bleeding and improve visibility. In this case, gel immersion was useful for endoscopic mucosal resection of the bleeding tumor. The use of gel immersion endoscopic resection should be considered for the treatment of early gastric cancer, however further cases should be evaluated.

Feasibility and Safety of Laparoscopic Placement of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Using Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Device.

We developed a novel technique of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter placement using an existing device originally utilized to insert a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube. We investigated the feasibility and safety of the procedure. This study included 21 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic placement of PD catheter between August 2021 and December 2021. We retrospectively investigated the clinical variables and perioperative results. The laparoscopic procedure was successfully performed in all patients. The duration of surgery was 21 (18-37) minutes. All patients could start PD within the seventh postoperative day. However, 1 patient had peri-catheter leakage due to exit-site infection. There were no patients with catheter migration, catheter obstruction, peritonitis, procedure-related death, and withdrawal of PD. The laparoscopic placement PD catheter using percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy device was feasible and safe. (128 words).

Localizing spontaneously hemostatic colonic diverticular bleeding using VISCOCLEAR gel: A case report.

Colonic diverticular bleeding is the most common type of gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a case of an 82-year-old man with a chief complaint of melena. Enhanced computed tomography showed multiple diverticula, and water-assisted colonoscopy could not help identify the diverticulum responsible for bleeding. We injected VISCOCLEAR, a novel gel formulation, into the digestive tract endoscopically and successfully localized the bleeding point. Moreover, the use of VISCOCLEAR secured a clear visual field with reduced glare, as seen in the digital endoscopic image. Subsequently, we performed hemostatic clipping. The course after the endoscopic treatment was unremarkable. In this case, we could identify the exposed bleeding vessels in the diverticulum using VISCOCLEAR and perform hemostatic clipping. We intend to evaluate the effectiveness of VISCOCLEAR further by analyzing a series of cases.

Effects of vonoprazan on gastric PH and clinical course after gastric ESD: A retrospective and prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Vonoprazan has been more widely used for artificial ulcers after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer; however, no reports have examined intragastric pH during ESD. The present study aimed to measure gastric pH at the time of ESD and the clinical course afterwards for patients treated with vonoprazan the night before undergoing ESD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined medication status regarding gastric acid secretion and antithrombotic drugs, post-ESD bleeding as a perioperative complication, and the timing of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after ESD and ulcer healing in 156 patients who underwent gastric ESD at our hospital from January 2014 to December 2019. The gastric pH was measured at the time of ESD after administration of 20 mg vonoprazan on the night before gastric ESD. RESULTS: There were 14 cases of post-ESD bleeding in patients treated with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), including oozing during second-look endoscopy compared to only 1 case of bleeding with vonoprazan administration (p < 0.05). Vonoprazan was also associated with better post-ESD ulcer healing than PPIs. Gastric pH during ESD after vonoprazan administration on the night before gastric ESD was ≥6.96 in all 11 patients. CONCLUSION: Post-ESD bleeding was reduced, and ulcer healing was improved in patients treated with vonoprazan the night before their procedure. Our results suggest high gastric pH during ESD due to vonoprazan administration may be beneficial for hemostasis and ulcer healing following ESD.

Double Percutaneous Transesophageal Gastrotubing for Gastric Cancer: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: The management of gastric cancer causing gastric outlet obstruction and dilatation must include decompression of the stomach and intravenous nutrition. Percutaneous transesophageal gastrotubing (PTEG) is an effective technique for either gastric decompression or enteral nutrition. Here, we investigated the efficacy and safety of double PTEG (dPTEG), that is, using PTEG for both purposes simultaneously, in patients with gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with gastric outlet obstruction due to gastric cancer were admitted to our hospital between January 2015 and March 2017 and enrolled in this study. Each patient underwent dPTEG as soon as possible. After dPTEG tubes were placed, gastric decompression was started immediately and enteral nutrition was started within 1 d. Feeding and decompression through the double tubes were continued until the day before operation. Using data from these patients, we investigated the efficacy and safety of dPTEG. RESULTS: dPTEG was performed successfully in all patients and no critical adverse effects were observed. Eight of the 11 patients underwent radical or palliative resection. Decompression of the stomach was achieved and nutritional status was significantly improved after dPTEG in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that dPTEG is a safe and effective management technique for patients with gastric outlet obstruction and gastric dilatation due to gastric cancer.

Effects of Gelatinization of Enteral Nutrients on Human Gastric Emptying.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal side effects, particularly diarrhea, are still the main reasons for discontinuation of enteral nutrition. Gelatinization of liquid meal for the prevention of diarrhea has been reported as effective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gelatinization of liquid meal on gastric emptying. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers were studied two times, with 2-week interval between tests. The total calorific value was set at 225 kcal, and 3 test meals were prepared: liquid meal and 2 types of gelatinized meals. These 2 types of gelatinized meals are different viscosity. 13C-sodium acetate (100 mg) was thoroughly mixed, and exhaled air was sampled. The results of gastric emptying were expressed as the time of peak excretion (Tmax), and absorption was expressed as the area under the 13CO2 curve up to Tmax (AUC-Tmax). At the same time, blood samples were collected to measure levels of blood glucose, insulin and gastrin. RESULTS: The mean value of Tmax were 52.0, 77.3 and 85.6 min. Compared to liquid meal, gastric emptying for gelatinized meals was significantly delayed. The mean value of AUC-Tmax were 22.7, 28.7 and 33.7%dose, respectively, and no significant differences in absorption were seen. No significant differences existed in blood glucose, gastrin and insulin. CONCLUSIONS: Gelatinization of liquid meal delays gastric emptying. Gelatinized liquid meal may be useful for the management of diarrhea accompanied with enteral nutrition without influencing gastrointestinal hormone and blood glucose.

Total Enteral Nutrition Facilitates Wound Healing Through Preventing Intestinal Atrophy, Keeping Protein Anabolism and Suppressing Inflammation.

BACKGROUND: In clinical settings, early total enteral nutrition (TEN) is known to reduce the postoperative complication and infection rate as well as duration of postoperative stay compared with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in a variety of critical conditions. We aimed to compare effects TEN and TPN on wound healing and explore its possible mechanisms using rat model. METHODS: Seven days after operation for inserting enteral tube into gastric space for TEN, Sprague-Dawley rats were made burn (15 mm) in the back. Rats were administrated with either TEN (N = 17) or TPN (N = 15) and evaluated condition of wound healing as well as serum/urine immunological and biochemical parameters at 28 days. RESULTS: Burned area was significantly reduced in TEN than in TPN group. Although body weight, serum levels of total protein, albumin and transferrin were the same levels between the two groups, urine nitrogen and intestinal atrophy were significant in TPN group. Conversely, weight of small bowel showed positive linear relationship with levels of parameters calculated as follows: [medication nitrogen quantity - (urine nitrogen + feces nitrogen)]/[medication nitrogen - feces nitrogen quantity]. Weights of spleen and tumor necrotizing factor-a levels in serum were higher in TPN than in TEN. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that TEN may facilitate wound healing compared with TPN through preventing intestinal atrophy, keeping protein anabolism and suppressing inflammation.

Recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach associated with a novel c-kit mutation after imatinib treatment.

A 57-year-old man with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach with peritoneal dissemination underwent gastrectomy. After surgery, he was treated with 400 mg/day of imatinib, without recurrence, for 26 months. At 26 months, the imatinib dose was reduced because of nausea, and 4 months after the dose reduction, recurrence of GIST was detected, for which surgical resection was performed again. The first surgical specimen had a mutation of exon 11 in the c-kit receptor gene. Intriguingly, the second surgical specimen had a novel mutation of exon 17, in addition to the above-mentioned mutation, in the c-kit receptor gene. Based on the result of molecular analysis, the novel mutation of exon 17, induced by longterm chemotherapy, was judged to have been responsible for the recurrence, which perhaps was triggered by the dose reduction of imatinib.