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1.
BMJ Open ; 14(8): e078256, 2024 Aug 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39214655

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Interventions to address psychosocial healthcare issues in older adults are increasing. Realist evaluation (RE) helps us understand how these interventions work for their issues. It is significant to obtain implications for further developing such research. We aimed to identify the characteristics of studies using RE to assess interventions that address psychosocial healthcare issues in older adults by mapping relevant literature. DESIGN: Scoping review. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ICHUSHI (a Japanese database) and Google Scholar were used for searches between 5 January 2022 and 4 January 2024. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: (1) Showing that most of the participants were older adults or their stakeholders; (2) stating in the research background or aim sections that the target interventions aimed at addressing older adults' psychosocial healthcare issues and (3) using RE to assess these interventions. DATA EXTRACTION: Data on country of origin, type of research, study design, qualitative data collection and analysis methods, desirable items for RE and intervention aims and purposes were extracted and summarised using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Fifty-four studies were analysed. Most studies were conducted in the UK (54.5%). Mixed methods were used in 28 studies (51.9%), while only qualitative methods were used in 25 studies (46.2 %). Fourteen intervention aims and purposes were identified: improving dementia care, avoiding emergency admissions, preventing social isolation and promoting family involvement in the care of older adults. CONCLUSION: RE is useful for promoting an understanding of how interventions work for addressing psychosocial healthcare issues in older adults. RE also promotes the updating of plausible theories that lead to improving interventions. Our findings show the implications of managing time and resources to address the challenge of RE's time and resource intensiveness and carefully considering the data collection methods to reduce burdens on older adults.


Asunto(s)
Intervención Psicosocial , Humanos , Anciano , Intervención Psicosocial/métodos
2.
Res Gerontol Nurs ; 17(4): 177-187, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38916473

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To explore the needs of family caregivers (FCs) and how these are addressed in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). METHOD: A descriptive qualitative study was performed, using semi-structured interviews with 23 FCs from seven LTCFs in Japan. RESULTS: Inductive content analysis revealed three main themes: Coexistent Needs Related to Residents' and FCs' Own Well-Being, Means by Which FCs Promote Residents' and Their Own Well-Being, and Managing Conflicting Needs by Prioritizing and Compromising. FCs recognized that their needs relate to the well-being of residents and themselves, and both needs coexist. To address these multifaceted needs, FCs engaged in various activities while seeking support. However, limited availability of means often made it challenging to meet multiple needs simultaneously, leading FCs to manage these conflicting needs by prioritizing or compromising. CONCLUSION: The current study underscores the significance of comprehensive support that simultaneously addresses FCs' conflicting needs, rather than approaching each need separately. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 17(4), 177-187.].


Asunto(s)
Cuidadores , Cuidados a Largo Plazo , Investigación Cualitativa , Humanos , Cuidadores/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Japón , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Casas de Salud , Adulto , Evaluación de Necesidades , Familia/psicología , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud
3.
PLoS One ; 18(5): e0283332, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37205652

RESUMEN

Globally, residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) often experience adverse events (AEs) and corresponding lawsuits that result in suffering among the residents, their families, and the facilities. Hence, we conducted a study to clarify the factors related to the facilities' liabilities for damages for the AEs that occur at LTCFs in Japan. We analyzed 1,495 AE reports from LTCFs in one Japanese city. A binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with liability for damages. The independent variables were classified as: residents, organizations, and social factors. In total, 14% of AEs resulted in the facility being liable for damages. The predictors of liability for damages were as follows: for the resident factors, the increased need for care had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 2.00 and care levels of 2-3; and AOR of 2.48 and care levels of 4-5. The types of injuries, such as bruises, wounds, and fractures, had AORs of 3.16, 2.62, and 2.50, respectively. Regarding the organization factors, the AE time, such as noon or evening, had an AOR of 1.85. If the AE occurred indoors, the AOR was 2.78, and if it occurred during staff care, the AOR was 2.11. For any follow-ups requiring consultation with a doctor, the AOR was 4.70, and for hospitalization, the AOR was 1.76. Regarding the type of LTCF providing medical care in addition to residential care, the AOR was 4.39. Regarding the social factors, the reports filed before 2017 had an AOR of 0.58. The results of the organization factors suggest that liability tends to arise in situations where the residents and their family expect high quality care. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen organizational factors in such situations to avoid AEs and the resulting liability for damages.


Asunto(s)
Cuidados a Largo Plazo , Casas de Salud , Humanos , Instituciones de Cuidados Especializados de Enfermería , Hospitalización , Japón/epidemiología
4.
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry ; 36(9): 1386-1397, 2021 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33733528

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The quality of care for dementia in acute-care settings has been criticised. In 2016, the Japanese universal health insurance system introduced a financial incentive scheme for dementia care by dementia specialist teams in acute-care hospitals. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this financial incentive scheme on short-term outcomes (in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission). DESIGN AND METHODS: Using a Japanese nationwide inpatient database, we identified older adult patients with moderate-to-severe dementia admitted for pneumonia, heart failure, cerebral infarction, urinary tract infection, intracranial injury or hip fracture from April 2014 to March 2018. We selected 180 propensity score-matched pairs of hospitals that adopted (n = 180 of 185) and that did not adopt (n = 180 of 744) the financial incentive scheme. We then conducted a patient-level difference-in-differences analysis. In a sensitivity analysis, we restricted the postintervention group to patients who actually received dementia care. RESULTS: There was no association between a hospital's adoption of the incentive scheme and in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-1.06; p = 0.48) or 30-day readmission (aOR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.95-1.14; p = 0.37). Only 29% of patients in hospitals adopting the scheme actually received dementia care. The sensitivity analysis showed that receiving dementia care was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The financial incentive scheme to enhance dementia care by dementia specialist teams in Japan may not be working effectively, but the results do suggest that individual dementia care was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality.


Asunto(s)
Demencia , Motivación , Anciano , Demencia/terapia , Hospitales , Humanos , Japón , Readmisión del Paciente , Estudios Retrospectivos
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