Proteasome inhibitory, antioxidant, and synergistic antibacterial and anticandidal activity of green biosynthesized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of corn (Zea mays L.) ear leaves.

Herein, Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of corn ear leaves were investigated for proteasome inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, synergistic antibacterial, and anticandidal potential. The UV-Vis spectrum displayed an absorption band at 355 nm that indicated the formation of nano-sized Fe3O4 particles. Vibrating sample magnetometer analysis revealed its superparamagnetic nature. Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibited strong proteasome inhibitory potential and antioxidant activity and exerted strong synergistic antibacterial and anticandidal activity. Its significant proteasome inhibitory potential could be useful in cancer treatment and drug delivery. Furthermore, strong antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticandidal activity make them a promising candidate for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

Toll-like receptor 2 mediates a cutaneous reaction induced by repetitive ultraviolet B irradiation in C57/BL6 mice in vivo.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate not only innate immunity against infection and but also sterile inflammation triggered by endogenous molecules. We conducted a comparative study of the different inflammatory responses induced by repetitive ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation in wild-type (WT) and TLR2 knockout (KO) mice, to provide in vivo evidence of the role of TLRs in mediating UVB-induced responses. UVB-induced inflammatory responses were less severe in TLR2 KO mice than in WT mice after 6 weeks of repeated UVB irradiation. UVB-treated TLR2 KO mice displayed less prominent erythema and scaling, and histopathology showed significantly thinner skin and less inflammatory cell infiltration than that in WT mice. UVB-induced expression of heat-shock protein 70 (an endogenous ligand of TLR2) was lower in TLR2 KO mice. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed significantly lower gene expression levels of UVB-induced interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 in TLR2 KO mice. TLR2 KO mice also showed significantly lower protein level expression of UVB-induced IL-1ß in ELISA and MMP-13 in Western blots. Our study demonstrated that TLR2 was associated with inflammatory responses to repetitive UVB irradiation in C57/BL6 mice. Moreover, it suggests that the role of TLR2 in the cutaneous response of UV irradiation and in developing new agents for modulating the effects of UV irradiation should be considered.

Structural and spectroscopic properties of trans-difluoro(1,4,8,12-tetraazacyclopentadecane)chromium(III) perchlorate hydrate.

The structure of [CrF(2)([15]aneN(4))]ClO(4).H(2)O ([15]aneN(4)=1,4,8,12-tetraazacyclopentadecane) has been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study at 173 K. The complex crystallizes in the space group P1- of the triclinic system with two mononuclear formula units in a cell of dimensions a=9.6117(7) A, b=10.2882(7) A, c=11.0001(7) A and alpha=99.7570(10) degrees, beta=105.6080(10) degrees and gamma=113.7130(10) degrees. The complex cation unit has its central Cr atom in an octahedral coordination with four nitrogen atoms and two fluorine atoms in a trans position. Three six-membered and one five-membered chelate rings of the [15]aneN(4) ligand are in a chair-twist(skew)-chair-gauche conformation sequence. The gauche five-membered ring is disordered with the twist six-membered ring opposite. The four H atoms in the chiral N atoms have the trans-II (CTCg) type configuration. The mean Cr-N and Cr-F bonds are 2.095(2) and 1.8752(13) A, respectively. The IR and visible spectral properties are consistent with the result of X-ray crystallography. The resolved band maxima of the electronic d-d spectrum are fitted with secular determinant for quartet state energy of d(3) configuration in tetragonal field including configurational but neglecting spin-orbit coupling. It is confirmed that the fluoride has strong sigma- and pi-donor properties toward the chromium(III) ion and the nitrogen atoms of the [15]aneN(4) ligand also have a strong sigma-donor character.

Cis-dinitrito(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-kappa4N)chromium(III) nitrite.

In the title compound, [Cr(ONO)(2)(cyclam)]NO(2) (cyclam is 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, C(10)H(24)N(2)), the complex cation is located on a twofold symmetry axis. The central Cr atom has a distorted octahedral coordination, involving two Cr-O bonds, with the monodentate nitrite O atoms adopting a cis configuration, and four Cr-N bonds. The mean Cr-N and Cr-O distances are 2.0895 (14) and 1.9698 (14) A.