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1.
Nat Commun ; 10(1): 5614, 2019 12 09.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31819056

Fast ignition (FI) is a promising approach for high-energy-gain inertial confinement fusion in the laboratory. To achieve ignition, the energy of a short-pulse laser is required to be delivered efficiently to the pre-compressed fuel core via a high-energy electron beam. Therefore, understanding the transport and energy deposition of this electron beam inside the pre-compressed core is the key for FI. Here we report on the direct observation of the electron beam transport and deposition in a compressed core through the stimulated Cu Kα emission in the super-penetration scheme. Simulations reproducing the experimental measurements indicate that, at the time of peak compression, about 1% of the short-pulse energy is coupled to a relatively low-density core with a radius of 70 µm. Analysis with the support of 2D particle-in-cell simulations uncovers the key factors improving this coupling efficiency. Our findings are of critical importance for optimizing FI experiments in a super-penetration scheme.

2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 39(2): 100-4, abr.-jun. 1993. tab
Article Pt | LILACS | ID: lil-126630

Este estudo teve como objetivos: observar a incidência de soropositividade para sífilis (RSS+) em recém-mascidos (RN) de maternidade de nível secundário; verificar associaçäo entre RSS+ no RN e fatores de risco maternos para aquisiçäo de sífilis; definir o impacto dos critérios diagnósticados de sífilis congênita propostos pelo CDC; observar uma possível associaçäo entre sorologia positiva para sífilis e para HIV-1. De dez/91-jul/92 estudou-se 3.664 nascidos-vivos através do VDRL e hemaglutinaçäo indireta (HAI) para sifilis (sangue de cordäo). Nos RN RSS+ avaliou-se: se a mäe apresentava fatores de risco para sífilis; se o RN se enquadrava nos critérios diagnósticos propostos pelo CDC e se a sorologia para HIV-1 (ELISA) era positiva. O grupo controle constituiu-se de 200 RN com VDRL E HAI para sífilis negativos nascidos em jan/92. Análise estatística foi realizada pelo qui-quadrado (significante p < 0,05). Dentre os 3.664 RN estudados, 5,6// eram soropositivos para sífilis. Verificou-se forte associaçäo entre RN RSS+ e idade materna maior que 20 anos, falta de parceiro sexual fixo, promiscuidade sexual, uso de drogas, ausência de pré-natal, multiparidade e natimortalidade pregressa. Todos os RN soropositivos para sífilis enquadraram-se no diagnóstico de sífilis congênita provável segundo critérios do CDC: tratamento inadequado na gestaçäo. Dos 205 RN RSS+, em 50 foi feito o estudo do HIV-1 e 12// deles eram HIV-1 positivos. Poucas doenças säo mais atuais que a sífilis congênita


Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , AIDS Serodiagnosis , Syphilis, Congenital/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Syphilis, Congenital/complications , Syphilis, Congenital/epidemiology , Syphilis/complications , Syphilis/diagnosis , Syphilis/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors
3.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 39(2): 100-4, 1993.
Article Pt | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8242098

To study neonatal Syphilis seropositivity incidence, its association with HIV-1 seropositivity and the impact of Congenital Syphilis CDC case definition, cord blood VDRL and Indirect Hemagglutination (IHA) for Syphilis were performed in 3,664 newborns from Dec/91-July/92. A positive group was formed by those with positive VDRL and IHA or just positive IHA. The control group consisted of 200 VDRL and IHA negative neonates. Among the 3,664 neonates 5.6% were seropositive for Syphilis. A significant association was noted (p < or = 0.05) between neonatal seropositivity for Syphilis and mothers older than 20 years, single, with sexual promiscuity, drug use, no pre-natal care, multiparity and previous still-births. All positive neonates fitted in the Presumptive Congenital Syphilis CDC definition. In 50 seropositive for Syphilis neonates ELISA for HIV-1 was performed and 6/50 were positive. Congenital Syphilis is of concern, specially in neonates of mothers with risk factors for Syphilis acquisition. HIV-1 should be considered in seropositive for Syphilis neonates. Adoption of Congenital Syphilis new CDC case definition is advised, particularly in countries where prenatal care is deficient.


Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Syphilis, Congenital/epidemiology , AIDS Serodiagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Syphilis/complications , Syphilis/epidemiology , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , Syphilis, Congenital/complications
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