[Liver pathology in patients with primary hemochromatosis--homozygous carriers of C282Y mutation ]. / Patologiia pecheni u bol'nykh pervichnym gemokhromatozom--gomozigotnykh nositelei C282y-mutatsii.

Liver pathology was studied in 3 patients with primary chemochromatosis. In two cases so-called iron free foci with signs of hepatocytes with feature of dysplasia were found. Many siderosomes were found ultrastructurally in the cytoplasma of hepatocytes. Histological markers of virus infection were absent in a patient with positive serum HbsAg and HCV-Ab. Alcohol did not produce typical histological changes. In this case grave liver reticuloendothelial hemosiderosis typical for secondary hemochromatosis and overloading with iron of spleen pulp according to MR imaging were observed.

[Toxicity of magnetite-dextran particles: morphological study]. / K voprosu o toksichnosti magnetit-dekstranovykh chastits: morfologicheskioe issledovanie.

Females of OFI mice were given single repeated intravenous injections of magnetite-dextran nanoparticles (MD3), the total partical diameter being 49 nm, with the magnetic core diameter equal to 10-15 nm. MD3 is a superparamagnetic preparation commonly used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The liver, spleen, heart, kidney, and lung microstructures of these mice were determined after MD3 administration. Both dose- and time-dependent changes in the examined organs were compared after single and repeated MD3 doses. MD3 induces an increse in ferritine and iron levels in all the organs, the appearance of small aggregates of lymphoid cells in the liver, the appearance of iron-containing cell formations in hepatic sinusoids, presumably composed of the Kupffer cells and portal macrophages, splenomegaly, and hemostasis of spleen blood vessels. The pronounced morphological alterations have been revealed primarily in the liver and spleen after a single administration of high MD3 doses and after repeated MD3 injections. The results of The present investigation seem to narrow somewhat the safety limits of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. Nevertheless, the degree of morphological changes in the liver and spleen in our experiments appeared to be rather low even after a single MD3 dose that exceeds approximately by 200 times a dose necessary for diagnostics in MRI.

[Cytophotometric determination of non-heme iron in hepatocytes. II. Effect of fixation on the cell iron content]. / Tsitifotometricheskoe opredelenie soderzhaniia negemovogo zheleza v gepatotsitakh II. Issledovanie vliianiia fiksatsii na soderzhanie zheleza v kletkakh.

The study deals with the effect of different fixatives, such as absolute methanol, 96% ethanol, 10% buffered neutral formalin, as well as mixtures: methanol-formalin-acetic acid and ethanol-formalin-acetic acid (Tellesnitsky's solution) on preservation of iron in isolated hepatocytes of rats on a diet with addition of 2% carbonyl iron. The iron preservation in cells, on application of different fixatives and performance of Perls' reaction, was evaluated by the intensity of cell staining that was measured using cytospectrophotometer. The best preservation of iron in cells has been achieved when using alcohol fixatives only. Fixation of preparations with the methanol-formalin-aceticacid mixture also produced no decrease in the iron content in hepatocytes, however, morphology of the stained cells was much worse than after methanol and ethanol fixation. Fixation with Tellesnitsky's solution resulted in a 36% reduction of the cellular iron content, whereas fixation with 10% neutral formalin reduced iron content by 58%, as compared with methanol fixation. A prolongation formalin fixation from 10 min to 24 hr had no effect on the intensity of Perls' reaction.

[Cytophotometric determination of non-heme iron content in hepatocytes. I. Effect of cell separation techniques on iron content]. / Tsitofotometricheskoe opredelenie soderzhaniia negemovogo zheleza v gepatotsitakh I. Vliianie uslovii izoliatsii kletok na soderzhanie v nikh zheleza.

To study conditions of the preservation of non-heme iron (3+) in hepatocytes, experiments were performed on rats fed with the diet supplemented with 2% carbonyl iron. The cells were isolated by a collagenase method (an enzymatic method) or by a treatment of the tissue with the phosphate buffer (a nonenzymatic method). When using the enzymatic method, the main steps of obtaining preparations-smears were analysed: perfusion of the organ, subsequent washing out of the cells from collagenase, mounting of the smear on the object glass. When using the non-enzymatic method, such steps were an incubation of the tissue pieces in the isolation solution and mounting of the smears. It has been found that the enzymatic isolation method results in practically no losses of iron from the cells if the perfusion lasts for 20 min. A slight loss (10-12%) of the Perls'-stained iron can occur during the initial 30 min of the washing out of the cells from collagenase. This step is not accompanied by any morphological changes of the cells; their viability, according to the trypan test, is 70-87%. The iron release from the cells rises with decrease in the viability of hepatocytes. It has been shown that the greatest losses of iron can occur at the mounting step when the cells are submitted to a substantial mechanical effect. When the nonenzymatic method is applied, the incubation of the cells in the phosphate buffer for up to 2 hr causes no marked morphological changes revealed in the light microscope; however, the cell viability is very low (about 1%). The preservation of iron in the cells is lower when using the nonenzymatic than the enzymatic method. Thus, for cytophotometric determinations of the iron content in hepatocytes, the collagenase method of isolation of cells is recommended.

[Cytophotometric determination of the level of nonheme iron in hepatocytes. III. Conditions for the Perls reaction in isolated liver cells]. / Tsitofotometricheskoe opredelenie soderzhaniia negemovogo zheleza v gepatotsitakh. III. Usloviia provedeniia reaktsii Perlsa v izolirovannykh kletkakh pecheni.

Effects of hydrochloric acid concentration and duration of the Perls reaction on the intensity of the final product of this reaction were studied in isolated hepatocytes. The intensity was found to change slightly with the increase in HCl concentration from 0.1 to 2.0 N (in the mixture with the equal volume of 2% potassium ferrocyanide solution for each acid concentration). The highest intensity and specificity of the Perls reaction were observed within the range of HCl concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0 N. The staining maximum was achieved 1 h after the start of the reaction.